adhesion

The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-associated infections poses significant challenges in clinical settings. This study investigates the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties of oleuropein, a compound derived from olive leaves, against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus.

This study was conducted on Candida albicans (fluconazole-resistant/susceptible) and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant/susceptible). The antifungal, antibacterial, anti-adhesion, and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) effects of oleuropein were evaluated. The impact of oleuropein on germ tube formation (GTF) in C. albicans was assessed. Finally, the toxicity of oleuropein was evaluated in zebrafish embryos.

Oleuropein exhibited MIC values of 10 mg/ml for C. albicans and 5 mg/ml for S. aureus. It significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the adhesion of both microorganisms in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition percentages of 78.43% and 75.91% for C. albicans and S. aureus, respectively. Additionally, oleuropein reduced the CSH of C. albicans, indicating its potential to interfere with adhesion mechanisms. In addition, oleuropein exhibited inhibition of GTF in C. albicans.

Oleuropein demonstrates significant antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties against C. albicans and S. aureus, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing biofilm-related infections. However, careful dosage management is crucial due to its observed toxicity at higher concentrations.

 Extensor tendon repair is prone to adhesion that affects the outcomes of tendon repair surgery and tendon function regain. Prevention of these complications should be considered in tendon rupture treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effect of tendon wrapping with amniotic membrane on the outcomes of extensor tendon repair in zone 6.

 This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients with an extensor tendon injury in zone 6 following penetrating trauma to extensor digitorum communis of the third and fourth digits referred to 15 Khordad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran . Patients were randomly assigned into two matched groups based on age and gender. Both groups underwent tendon repair using the modified Kessler method. In the intervention group (n=15), the repair site was wrapped with an amniotic membrane, while the control group underwent the traditional procedure without wrapping. Both groups underwent a similar rehabilitation process. Patients were followed up for 6 months. The QuickDash score, range of motion (ROM), complications, and recovery duration were recorded for patients in both groups.

 The patients in the intervention group had a lower QuickDash score (P<0.001), ROM (P<0.001), and shorter recovery duration (P<0.001) compared to the control group. The only complication was a wound infection that was seen in one patient in the control group. There was no evidence of tendon re-rupture and amniotic membrane hypersensitivity among patients.

 Amniotic, wrapping is an effective method in extensor tendon repair and is associated with better outcomes and faster recovery, suggesting less peritendinous fibrosis.

Due to their role in regulating inflammation, monocytes and macrophages are important immune system cells incorporated and evaluated in various in vitro and in vivo disease modeling experiments. Accordingly, investigating appropriate culture conditions to maintain the viability, phenotype, and functionality of these cells is considered in different studies. In this study, we tried to evaluate whether the type of culture plate affects the adhesion, survival, and morphology of PMA-treated monocytes.

 The THP-1 cell line was cultured in adherent or non-adherent culture plates and cells were treated with PMA small molecule to be induced into macrophages. The morphology of treated cells and the viability of detached cells were assessed three days post-induction.

Our results showed that the morphology and viability of PMA-treated THP-1 cells were the same in both types of plates. In summary, we showed that the type of cell culture plate did not significantly affect PMA-treated THP-1 cells·

Flexor tendon injuries are common and require surgery. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a natural graft used to repair tissues, though infections represent the primary cause of its therapeutic failure. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were coated on the ADM in order to add antibacterial potential as well as enhance healing properties. Also, the produced ADM/ZnO-NPs graft was applied to accelerate fifth zone flexor tendon repair following the reconstructive surgery.

Morphological, mechanical, cell viability, and antibacterial tests were performed to evaluate the physical and biological properties of the fabricated ADM/ ZnO-NPs graft. For clinical evaluations, 20 patients with a flexor tendon injury in zone 5 were randomly divided into control and treatment with ADM/ZnO-NPs groups (n=10 each). The control group had routine reconstructive surgery, while the other group received the ADM/ZnO- NPs graft during their surgery. Postoperative functional outcomes were evaluated 4, 6, and 8 weeks following the tendon repair surgery according to the Buck-Gramcko II criteria.

The ADM/ZnO-NPs had natural derm specifications as well as dense and integrated morphology with intermediate antibacterial properties. According to the Buck- Gramcko II criteria, the postoperative functional outcome scores were significantly higher in the ADM/ZnONPs group in comparison with the control group at 4 (P<0.01), 6 (P<0.01), and 8 (P<0.001) weeks after the surgery.

The present findings revealed that the ADM/ZnO-NPs graft can accelerate the healing of the damaged tendon without common post-operative functional complications and adhesions following the tendon repair surgery. However, more comprehensive clinical trials are still needed.

We aimed to determine how the various adhesive systems affect the shear bond strength (SBS) to normal and artificially create caries affected dentin (CAD) in permanent teeth.

Forty eight sound premolars had their occlusal enamel ground to create flattened midcoronal dentin. According to the dentin substrate, specimens were allocated into sound and artificially created CAD induction using the pH-cycling technique. Each group was further subdivided according to the adhesive materials: Scotchbond Universal Plus, Scotchbond Universal, and Adper Single Bond 2 adhesives (applied in Etch and Rinse Adhesive Protocol). After that, a composite was put on and shear bond strength (SBS) tests were done. Data analyzed using two-way ANOVA and chi-squared tests.

Overall model test of the ANOVA statistics showed that both type of dentin and types of adhesive had a significant effect on the SBS values (P < 0.001). Tuckey post hoc comparisons showed a significant difference for type of dentin (P < 0.001) and types of adhesive (P
0.005). Mode of failure assessment is non-statistically significant difference (P =0.41).

All adhesives showed a decrease in SBS when used on artificial CAD.

The human mouth mucosal surface is colonized by indigenous microflora, which normally maintains an ecological balance among different species. However, certain environmental or biological factors may disrupt this balance,leading to microbial diseases. Candida albicans biofilms are formed on indwelling medical devices and have an association with both oral and invasive candidiasis. This study aimed to compare the amount of adherent C. albicans and the biofilm formed on different denture base materials. The adhesion of C. albicans to denture base materials is widely recognized as the main reason for the development of denture stomatitis.

In total, 56 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resin disc-shaped samples were divided into four groups as follows: 1) chemically polymerized PMMA, 2) heat-polymerized PMMA, 3) computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) PMMA in high polish, and 4) CAD/CAM resins in glazed form. The adherent cells and formation of C. albicans strains (562, 1905,1912, and 1949) biofilm were measured by the 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) method and use of a microplatereader. Moreover, morphological alterations of C. albicans cells were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

The biofilm formation was significantly lower on CAD/CAM acrylic resins,compared to conventional denture base materials. The obtained results were confirmed by the SEM images of C. albicans biofilms. CAD/CAM PMMA-based polymers may be preferable to inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation and reduce Candida-associated denture stomatitis in long-term use.

Based on the findings, the CAD/CAM technique can be used as an efficient technique for denture fabrication as it inhibits microbial accumulation, and consequently,microbial biofilm.

The adhesion between the dura and the muscle is one of the serious problems of patients who need delayed cranial bone replacement due to decompressive craniotomy after brain swelling, but there is no ideal solution to reduce this complication. This study aimed to determine the effect of implanting a silicone membrane between the muscle and the dura after craniotomy surgery in patients requiring delayed bone replacement at the craniotomy site.

In this clinical prospective cohort trial study with no evidence, all patients undergoing late cranial bone grafting after craniotomy were selected, and a total of 24 people were included in this study. During the craniotomy, a silicone mesh measuring 5 × 5 cm was placed between the dura and the muscle. Adhesion between the dura and the muscle and side effects associated with this procedure were examined during cranial bone grafting.

Out of 24 patients requiring delayed cranial bone grafting, three individuals died and six individuals did not refer for cranioplasty; therefore, the operation was performed on 15 patients. During the operation, no cases of muscle-dura adhesion were observed, and in all 15 patients, the dura was completely detached from the muscle. Also, none of the patients presented side effects such as muscle bleeding at the surgery site, infection, and allergy to the mesh.

Implantation of silicone layer between the dura and the muscle during craniotomy in patients suffering from cerebral edema can prevent muscle-dura adhesion without causing serious complications for the patients.

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD) is a rare, inherited, immunodeficiency disease which is caused by defects in the leukocyte adhesion process. The migration of leukocytes to the blood vessel’s wall, needs multiple steps called adhesion cascade. In LAD, defects in rolling, integrin activation and firm adhesion of the leukocytes have been described.

In this study, we selected 67 patients with the confirmed diagnosis of LADs, from Iranian immunodeficiency registry center. A demographic information of the clinical complications and laboratory data were obtained from all the patients to evaluate the clinical manifestations.

A total of 67 patients (38 male and 29 female), with a median age of 18 months old, were included in the present study. The first presentations were omphalitis in 28.35% of the cases, followed by delayed umbilical cord separation in 22.38% of the patients. The frequency of delayed umbilical cord separation was 41.8%, and was higher among other manifestations of our patients. Cellulitis and Omphalitis were observed in 40.3% and 38.8% of the patients, respectively. Regarding the laboratory findings, we found leukocytosis in 86.6 %( neutrophil dominant in 76.1%), and anemia in 77.6%, and thrombocytosis in 25.4% of the patients.

We indicated in the present study that the most common clinical manifestations, were delayed umbilical cord separation and recurrent infection in Iranian patients with LAD disorders. In laboratory findings, we found leukocytosis in most of the patients. CD18 was decreased in more than 90 % of the patients.

Inflammation and its master regulator, Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB), have been implicated in the development of endometriosis. Inhibition of NF-kB pathway using small molecules ameliorated disease progression and reduced the lesion size; nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, this study, is an attempt to assess whether inhibiting NF-kB signaling by aloe-emodin (AE) or aspirin (Asp), as anti-inflammatory compounds, can suppresses the invasive activity of human endometrial stromal cells at stage IV endometriosis.

The eutopic and healthy endometrial biopsies from a total of 8 infertile women with confirmed endometriosis and 8 women without endometriosis were digested and the single cells were cultured. Gene and protein markers of proliferation, migration, adhesion, and invasion of eutopic endometrial stromal cells (EuESCs) with and without treatment with AE or Asp, as well as control endometrial stromal cells (CESCs) was analyzed using q-PCR and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Comparison between groups was performed using one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc and p≤0.5 was considered statistically significant.

There was an association between NF-kB overexpression and higher proliferation/adhesion capacity in EuESCs. EuESCs (at stage IV endometriosis) displayed no invasive and migratory behaviors. Pre-treatment of EuESCs with AE or Asp significantly attenuated NF-kB expression and reduced proliferative, adhesive, invasive, and migratory activity of endometrial cells (p≤0.5).

Eutopic endometrial stromal cells seem to have a semi-invasive activity which is largely suppressed by AE or Asp. It can be suggested that both Asp and AE (as potent NF-kB inhibitors) can be used as a supplement in conventional endometriosis treatments.

This is a case report on stereotaxic (Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy-SBRT) for lung cancer located in the left lower lobe (Segment 6, S6). There have been no reports on marked displacement of the peripheral lung cancer during radiotherapy. A pulmonary nodule was discovered on computed tomography (CT) conducted for a persistent cough in an 87-year-old male. According to diagnostic imaging, this nodule was clearly delineated and had an irregular margin. The image diagnosis was T1N0M0, stage I primary lung cancer located in the left lower lobe and no pathological type was identified. The patient was treated with SBRT using a Linear accelerator (LINAC) at a total dose of 48 Gray (Gy) in 4 fractions. On performing cone beam CT (CBCT) at the third fraction, the tumor position had moved caudally by about 3 centimeters (cm). For this reason, we canceled further treatment and the case was re-planned. Four days after discontinuing treatment, 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) images were obtained before initiation of the remaining fractions of SBRT. Therefore, the patient completed 4 fractions of SBRT and the tumor location was confirmed before beam delivery. The tumor location differed based on the patient’s position (i.e., standing versus lying in a supine position), and we considered that it moved due to adhesion to the pleura when the patient was standing. If reproducibility of the tumor position cannot be guaranteed, the patient should undergo to CT re-simulation. Oncologists should re-evaluate the movement of the tumor on respiration and adjust the margins accordingly.