جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "aids" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Many clients referred to accommodation centers and camps are already undergoing antiretroviral treatment after being diagnosed with HIV. Discontinuation or irregular use of medication can lead to treatment failure and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of experts, key stakeholders, and patients on all aspects of HIV diagnosis, care, and treatment, both within and outside residential facilities.

A focus group discussion lasting an average of 75 minutes was held with 12 experts, and three patients were interviewed individually. This research took place at the Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences in September 2021. The analysis was conducted using content analysis, which involved categorizing data into main categories, sub-categories, and codes. Open code software was utilized for this purpose.

The study uncovered challenges faced by individuals before and after discharge from these facilities (important categories and sub-categories), including financial concerns, a shortage of specialized and knowledgeable staff, lack of understanding among clients regarding medication adherence and treatment benefits, inadequate attention given to clients, absence of follow-up contact information, substance abuse issues, and insufficient prioritization of HIV patients in these settings.

The findings highlight the necessity for new strategies in post-discharge follow-up, as well as the provision of medical, supportive, and educational services. Potential solutions may include providing housing for homeless patients, assisting patients in accessing mental health counseling centers, optimizing existing resources, and fostering a community environment that actively fights against stigma and discrimination.

Needle stick is one of the problems faced by the employees of healthcare centers, especially nurses. Considering the importance of this issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on the preventive behaviors of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and AIDS infections among nurses in the ICU departments of Imam Hassan hospital in Bojnord city.

The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in an interventional way in 2022 on 76 employees of the ICU department of the the Imam Hassan hospital who were allocated in two experimental and control groups. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. SPSS statistical software version 20 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that sharp object penetration training had a significant effect on the components of the health belief model, including perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, symptoms for action and behavior, and exposure behaviors.

By holding training courses, the necessary information on the prevention of injuries caused by sharp objects should be transferred to the health and treatment staff.

AIDS, as one of the most dangerous infectious diseases in the world, is a major health problem and the most important challenge of the health system. Moreover, prevention is known as the most important way to deal with it. Prevention of AIDS requires gaining awareness about the disease, how it is transmitted, and ways to prevent it. The purpose of this review study is to investigate the level of students’ awareness about AIDS.

Methods and Materials:

 This review article has been performed using awareness, students, AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus keywords and their English equivalents through PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, SID and Magiran databases, and Google Scholar search engine from the years of 2010 to 2023. 124 articles were extracted. Finally, 18 studies were included considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The findings indicate that the level of students’ awareness of AIDS and HIV was different in different areas and different fields of study. In addition, students had misconceptions about the methods of transmission of this disease.

According to the findings of the research and the different levels of students’ awareness about AIDS, there are needs of interventions such as providing different training to this group, so that the students’ awareness improves to an optimal level and this issue prevents the spread of this disease.

The global spread of tuberculosis is due to the AIDS epidemic to the extent that it is considered a serious health threat, especially for people infected with HIV. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the epidemiological factors of simultaneous infection of AIDS and tuberculosis in patients with AIDS referred to Mashhad Center for Infectious Behavioral Diseases.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 103 patients with AIDS who were referred to Mashhad Center for Infectious Behavioral Diseases between 2012 and 2019 were examined. In this research, the required information, including age, gender, occupation, marital status, nationality, prison history, addiction, was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software (version 23.0) was used for data analysis. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

from103 patients with AIDS, 14 cases (13.6%) had simultaneous tuberculosis, 9 men (8.7%), 5 women (4.9%). The frequency of tuberculosis was significantly higher in the group of workers, people with prison history and family history of tuberculosis (P < 0.05).

Most of the patients with AIDS and TB in Mashhad are men, young people aged 29 to 49, workers, people with a history of prison and addiction. The results of the present study indicate the need for accessible and effective health and medical services to reduce current infections and prevent new infections in the population.

 One of the strong predictors of the occurrence of risky behaviors is the components of sensation seeking and maladaptive styles of emotion regulation. Sensation-seeking is based on irritability and is defined as the desire to experience diverse, complex, and passionate emotions and situations, along with the desire to accept physical, social, legal, and financial risks. A history of risky behaviors is related to the components of sensation seeking and attachment and can be considered a risk factor for the occurrence of addictive behaviors. People with high levels of sensation seeking are usually variety-seeking, impatient, impulsive in obtaining rewards, unable to accept failure, and often disorganized. Zuckerman defines sensation seeking as having four components: adventure or risk-seeking, which refers to seeking excitement through risky but socially acceptable activities such as speeding or skydiving; experience seeking, which involves seeking excitement through unusual and novel activities; lack of inhibition, in which some people resort to drugs, alcohol, or gambling to escape social constraints; and boredom proneness, which involves high sensitivity to monotony and an attempt to escape it, such that people seek exciting activities to stimulate themselves. Maintaining and promoting individual and social health requires special attention to the role of risky behaviors. Given the importance of this issue and its numerous risks, and also considering that various studies have identified various factors as effective in the occurrence of high-risk behaviors, a comprehensive study with the variables examined in the present study has not been conducted so far, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of high-risk behaviors and its relationship with sensation-seeking components in those referred to social emergency services in Jask and Minab counties.

 The present study is a descriptive (non-experimental) correlational study that was approved by the Islamic Azad University Zahedan Branch Commission with the ethics code IR.IAU.ZAH.REC.1401.065. The statistical population studied in this study was all those referred to social emergency services in Jask and Minab counties in 2021-2022, of which 300 (61% female and 39% male) were selected from 650 people who were referred using the available method. The selected sample responded to the Rajai and Shafiei Risk Behavior Questionnaire (2011) and the Zuckerman Thrill Seeking Scale, Form 5. The research data were evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS-25 statistical software and analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression.

 The results showed that the prevalence of addiction in the studied individuals was 100 (34.33), the prevalence of AIDS in 79 (26.33), tobacco use in 178 (59.33%), alcohol use in 143 (47.66%), violence in 141 (47.00%), and unhealthy eating patterns in 141 (47.00). Also, the occurrence of high-risk behaviors in the studied individuals is very high. The results of the study showed that experience-seeking, adventure, boredom, and avoidance of inhibition have a significant effect on the occurrence of high-risk behaviors.

 The results of this study are an important step towards understanding the factors affecting the tendency to high-risk behaviors in individuals and can pave the way for creating a healthy society and promoting a suitable lifestyle. One of the high-risk behaviors threatening people with high sensation seeking is the use of ineffective emotion-oriented strategies against the use of opiates and alcohol. Being infected is a vicious cycle. Because the higher level of sensation seeking and having stressful events increases the consumption of drugs and alcohol this problem remains. They do not use these substances solely for pleasure, but they use them as a means of suppressing and overcoming their inner rebellion. On the other hand, there is a possibility that this vulnerable group, which is rejected by positive friends and peers who show a logical and restrained reaction in facing the problems and issues of life, will join and tend to join deviant groups, which in itself can provide a favorable environment for the tendency to risky behaviors. Also, in explaining this finding, it can be said that the tendency to engage in risky behaviors can be a way to reduce unpleasant emotions, and since the individual does not have sufficient and adaptive strategies, he inevitably uses harmful methods that are effective in the short term but have undesirable consequences in the long term. In fact, in such situations, risky behaviors become a kind of emotional regulation strategy that helps the individual escape from a difficult situation or forget and adjust to the unpleasant internal state. Given that the present study used the correlation method, it is not possible to achieve causal results. Also, limitations related to the statistical population of the study can affect the generalization of the findings, interpretations, and causal inferences of the variables under study, which needs to be taken into account. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in the form of skill and educational services in centers, schools, and universities.

HIV/AIDS is a major health concern globally. Promoting HIV AIDS literacy for everyone is one of the appropriate and required measures in this regard. The present research aimed to improve HIV/AIDS literacy among male teachers in high schools of Ahvaz.

The present field-trial study was conducted on 200 male teachers of the first and second high schools of Ahvaz. The study population was randomly divided into intervention (n=100) and control (n=100) groups. The Iranian HIV/AIDS Literacy Questionnaire was used to collect data. According to easy-to-read texts and alternative communication tools strategies, HIV/AIDS Literacy intervention was developed. The intervention included developing an educational pamphlet and sending SMS to the intervention group. One month after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed again and analyzed by SPSS software using logistic regression and t-test.

The age mean and standard deviation of the participants was 41.60 ± 7.80. At the baseline, the mean and standard deviation of HIV/AIDS literacy was 11.1 ± 3.46 in the intervention group and 9.63 ± 2.54 in the comparison group. After the intervention, the score of HIV/AIDS literacy significantly improved in the intervention group (P<0.001). Only marital status was the significant predictor for HIV/AIDS literacy. Analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficients showed that understanding and search skills have the strongest correlation with HIV/AIDS literacy.

Based on the study findings, it was concluded that promoting HIV/AIDS literacy through the use of easily understandable texts and alternative communication tools can prove to be effective. Considering the role of teachers in transferring knowledge and skills to prevent HIV and its transmission, it is suggested to hold regular and continuous training courses for all teachers.

Chemokine receptor type 5 is recognized as the main co-receptor in HIV infection. Many studies have shown that the deletion of 32-base pairs (bp) of both alleles of CCR5 leads to the reduction or elimination of the expression of this gene in immune cells and the natural resistance to HIV infection. This study aims to determine the frequency of delta 32 mutations in healthy people, referring to the health center of Gonabad City, Iran, to focus on finding new treatment methods for the treatment of HIV. 

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent, blood samples were collected from 293 healthy people along with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid anticoagulant. Genomic DNA extraction was carried out by the kit, and the investigation of delta 32 (∆32) mutation of the CCR5 gene was investigated via the polymerase chain reaction method. 

Our results showed that out of 293 people who referred to the health center, 269 people (91.8%) had a healthy gene without mutation (188 bp), 15 people (5.1%) had heterozygous mutations (188 bp and 156 bp), and 9 people (3.07%) had a homozygous mutation on both alleles of CCR5 (156 bp). 

Based on the results, the homozygous mutation rate of Gonabad Region, Iran, in the studied community is higher compared to similar studies, and more epidemiological and molecular studies are needed for better conclusions.

Due to the increase in public interest in the use of traditional and complementary medicine in various diseases, it is necessary in order to adopt a suitable policy that  know the extent of people's use, the type of use and the characteristics of the people. We aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of complementary and alternative medicine use and the reason of use among patients suffering from HIV/AIDS in Fasa city.

This research is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 96 patients with HIV/AIDS at the behavioral disease counseling center in Fasa city. The sample size was determined by census. Two questionnaires were used to collect data: a researcher-made questionnaire to examine the frequency of complementary and alternative medicine use and other questionnaire was the Quality of Life of the World Health Organization for people with HIV (WHOQOL-HIV). The data analysis for this study involved the use of descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, independent t-test, and logistic regression model.

Of 96 patients, 78.12% reported using traditional medicine. The most common used type were cupping and medicinal plants. Chamomile and thyme were the most popular herbs used. The most common reason for using chamomile was relaxation, and they often used thyme to increase the general health of the body.

It is necessary to implement appropriate policies and practical responses to increase traditional and complementary medicine use so these services are available safely, timely and with sufficient quality.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important because of the social and labeling problems, and the prevalence of a variety of psychological, family, and social problems can be observed in these individuals.

The aim of this study, in order to promote mental health, is to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive-emotional regulation of people living with HIV (PLWH).

The research is an interventional study that used a pretest-posttest design and control group. Thirty people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control. Garnefski et al.'s cognitive-emotional regulation (CERQ-SF) questionnaire was used. The experimental group received ten two-hour sessions of group treatment with Young's schema therapy model. To analyze the data, mean and standard deviation (SD) and analysis of covariance were used by SPSS 26 and P<0/05.

The results analysis of covariance showed that group treatment schema therapy improved the extent of adaptive strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, and broader perspective) and maladaptive strategies (self-blame and catastrophic perception), (p<0.001), However, there was not any improve in terms of blaming others, (P<0/033) and rumination (P<0/102).

Schema therapy has increased the use of adaptive strategies and decreased maladaptive cognitive-emotional strategies (self-blame and catastrophic perception) in PLWH.

Medication errors reduce quality of life, immune system function, and cause significant mortality in children with HIV/AIDS. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the factors affecting the management of medication errors in children infected with HIV/AIDS virus in Iran's health system.

The current study was a descriptive one conducted in 2020-2021. At first, by reviewing the research literature and interviewing experts in the field of treating children with HIV/AIDS virus, the main factors affecting the occurrence of medication errors in children with HIV/AIDS virus were extracted and using them, the research questionnaire was designed. Data were collected from 400 experts in the field of treating children with HIV/AIDS virus and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and through SPSS version 16 and Lisrel software.

Four factors included organizational factors (p < 0.001), individual factors (p < 0.001), educational factors (p < 0.001) and communication factors (p < 0.001), were identified as effective factors in the management of medication errors in children with HIV/AIDS virus. Factors including Individual, communication, organizational and educational with respective factor loadings of 0.84, 0.81, 0.79 and 0.77 had an effect on the management of medication errors in HIV positive children.

For successful management of medication errors in children infected with HIV/AIDS, it is advisable to prioritize individual and communication factors (i.e., behavior-based disease counseling specialists) while attending to all four of the relevant factors.

Healthcare workers, including dental students are at risk of transmission of blood-borne infections like Hepatitis and AIDS because of their continuous contact with blood and other body fluids. Thus it is necessary for them to achieve enough knowledge, proper attitude and right behavior regarding to these diseases through efficient training so they can treat infected patients, which is their ethical and legal duty. The present study was designed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of dental students in School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences about HIV and Hepatitis in 2019-2020.

This observational-descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 188 4th, 5th and 6th year dental students of Yazd Faculty of Dentistry, 170 of whom completed the questionnaire. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including two parts of demographic information and knowledge, attitude and performance questions; data were analyzed using T-Test, ANOVA and chi-score tests and SPSS version 16.

The mean score of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hepatitis and AIDS was 20/77 (out of 30), 32/04 (out of 45) and 46/17 (out of 52), respectively. The students had low knowledge level about prophylaxis treatments after needlestick injuries and screening tests. They also had poor attitude towards treating the infected patients. There was a significant difference in practice between males and females. (P-value<0.05).

Dental students performed well in relation to hepatitis and AIDS diseases despite their average knowledge and attitude. Thus there should be an emphasis on knowledge improvement and attitude alternation in Yazd Faculty of Dentistry.