analysis

Climatic and geomorphological characteristics of a region are vital factors in the regional spread of diseases. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a useful tool for studying cancer epidemiology. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of childhood leukemia in Khuzestan based on 10-year GIS data of temperature, wind speed and dust level.

The medical characteristics of all cases of leukemia in children admitted to Bagai 2 Ahvaz Hospital, which were diagnosed with leukemia for the first time. We collected what was diagnosed.

Five hundred and twelve children had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 100 children had acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). The year 2015 had the highest and the year 2018 the lowest ALL rate. The peak of AML was in 2013 and the lowest was in 2018. Central cities had the highest mean particulate matter, temperature, wind speed, and the highest rate of leukemia.

The results show that dust, temperature and wind speed are related to the prevalence of childhood leukemia in Khuzestan, Iran.

Practical Implications:

 A wide range of environmental and genetic factors can play a role in the occurrence of cancer, so additional studies are needed to confirm the effect of particles and environmental factors such as temperature and dust on the occurrence of cancer.

Cephalometric analyses are an important tool for diagnosis and orthodontic treatment planning. Some cephalometric analysis programs cannot be used due to the high cost and inability to use all the facilities due to the sanctions. CephNinja® is an available program for cephalometric analyses. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the CephNinja® program for orthodontic cephalometric tracing and compare it with the common manual method in Iranian society.

This cross-sectional study included 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs prepared by the 3D Promax device; The patient's teeth were selected to be in maximum intercuspation and the patient's head was in natural head posture. In every 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs, 24 landmarks were identified and then 20 desired variables were measured by traditional manual method based on Steiner's analysis. Also, the digital file of the same 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs was entered into the CephNinja® software (version 3.51). Again, 24 landmarks were determined and then 20 desired variables were measured based on Steiner's analysis. The obtained data were entered into the software and compared.

The average ANB was 4.02±3.01 degrees in the traditional manual method and 3.08±4.04 degrees in the CephNinja® method. The average Wits was -1.12±3.90 mm in the traditional manual method and -1.13±4.16 mm in the CephNinja® method. The results show that there is no significant difference in the measurements of the two traditional manual methods and the CephNinja® software.

Based on the current study, it can be concluded that CephNinja® software is reliable and can be used similar to traditional manual method for cephalometric analysis in orthodontic patients.

The main influencing factor in the success of the crisis management process is the group's readiness to deal with the crisis. Training models are a tool to maintain the preparation of personnel, increase their ability to achieve certain goals, and help them acquire information, skills, and ways of thinking. This research aimed to design and validate a training model for the staff of the hospital incident command system.

The research method was a qualitative-quantitative (mixed method) approach. The statistical population in the qualitative part included experts in the field of incident command system, and in the quantitative part included managers and staff of this system in the hospitals of Guilan province in Iran. The sampling method in the qualitative part was the judgmental forecasting method. Also, the sampling method was cluster random in the quantitative part. According to the data saturation principle, the sample size in the qualitative section was 15 people, and in the quantitative section, 226 people were selected based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part was a questionnaire extracted from the interview.

After analyzing the categories resulting from interviews with 15 experts, 43 open codes and 12 central codes were determined. Also, five selection codes were obtained as follows: design, analysis, evaluation and feedback, policymaking and determination of strategies, and implementation and support dimension. The findings showed that the design dimension had a more significant effect on designing the training model (path coefficient = 0.987 and t = 176.713). Also, all components had a significant relationship in pattern design. For data analysis, we used the MAXQDA2020 and SmartPls3 software in the qualitative part, and SPSS26 software in the quantitative part.

The results of this research showed that effective command in possible incidents depends on the effective training of employees with a new and up-to-date model.

Any test as a measurement tool must have sufficient validity and reliability to measure the desired attribute. Multiple-choice tests are the most common types of tests in medical education, which have a high degree of reliability, and this study was conducted with the aim of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of four-choice questions in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2021-2022.

This descriptive study was conducted on all General and specialized courses in the two academic years of 2021-2022 at the Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. For the quantitative evaluation of the questions (difficulty index and discrimination index), the Hamava system was used and for the qualitative evaluation, the 14-item checklist of Millman was used.

This study showed that out of 5000 examined questions, 2569 questions (51.4%) had a simple difficulty coefficient and 2500 (50%) had a suitable clean coefficient. And the average standard deviation of the degree of difficulty was 0.700±0.314 and the degree of cleanliness was 0.625±0.247, also 330 questions (48.5%) of taxonomy two and 190 questions (27.9%) were without defects. The most types of defects were the absence of most of the information in the question stems of 196 questions, the presence of negative words in the question stems of 136 questions, and the presence of options for all items in 121 questions, none in 45 questions, and combined options in 34 questions. And in the structure of question 398 (58/1%) was the most type of defect.

To improve the quality of tests and use the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of questions, practical solutions should be thought of, and professors should be trained in designing and using appropriate questions and preparing for-choice question banks.

Medical Laboratories have a great impact on patient safety and 80-90% of medical diagnoses are based on the results of laboratory tests. Medical procedures from the initial diagnostic steps such as a test or a simple injection to specialized treatment steps may be erroneous. The aim of this study was to determine the type and rate of human error, equipment, materials and procedures in all stages including before analysis, during analysis and after analysis to analyze the causes and find logical solutions to reduce of them.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in a medical center in Tehran, Iran during the years 1400-1401. Data collection was considered in accordance with the instructions of the Laboratory Affairs Department of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education regarding the type of errors in the field of job description in each of the technical and non-technical sections. Data was analyzed by IBM SPSS software, version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software.

During the period of study, the number of  referred patients was about 45,000 and the number of tests 594,000. The total number of errors was 837. The ratio of errors to the patients was 1.9% and to the tests 0.15%. The 37 types of errors were identified and reported in this study. Of these, 11 types of errors were in the pre-analysis, 14 types during the analysis and 12 types of errors in the post-analysis stage. The frequency of errors in the three stages was 180(21.5%), 312(37.3%) and 345(41.2%), respectively that the errors rate did not have a normal distribution and a significant difference was observed (P<0.05, df=2).

Due to the variety of reported errors and the importance of their role in other stages of diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary that all human, equipment and process errors in all stages of laboratory analysis be carefully recorded and corrective and preventive measures be taken to minimize them.

Human factors are critical in the design and development of various products, but wideness and unclarity of different aspects of these factors make it difficult to extract demands of users. Studying emotional aspects of users' behavior in interaction with products, as well as interviewing them, is considered as an efficient tool in extracting design demands. This study aims to integrate the application of task analysis and the measuring of emotional aspects to determine the users’ emotional states in the different stages; and therefore extract the user satisfaction criteria.

This research has a descriptive/ exploratory approach. In this practical study, the use of two everyday tools for chopping onions is analyzed. 20 users of these tools were non-randomly selected to participate in the test and interview. Users performed the task with each tool, and the process was recorded by a camera. After performing the task, subjects completed self-assessment questionnaire and then, an interview was conducted about their experience of the tools usage. Parametric t test was used to evaluate results of the questionnaire and compare averages.

Findings of the emotional questionnaire showed that the emotional states of people in different stages of task are significantly different from each other. The determined emotional states, showed the weaknesses and the advantages of the tools studied. By analyzing videos, interviews and surveys, users' demands were extracted. The extracted features were categorized based on the work steps.

Using this method can reveal precise details of users’ needs concerning product category, which can be used as a suitable tool for designers and researchers in the field of user experience.

This study was conducted with the aim of bibliometric analysis and visualization of the Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine during the years 2010 to 2021.

The present study is a descriptive bibliometric study. The community studied in this research consists of 546 articles from 48 issues and 4 special issues of the Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine from the the first publication (2010) to the end of 2021.The journal website and Scopus database were used to collect the required data. Bibliographic and citation information of all articles were extracted and saved in CSV format. Specifications of all articles were downloaded and saved in ris file format for visualization. After collecting the data, Excel software was used to perform descriptive analysis and VOSviewer was used to visualize the data.

The trend of journal publication and citations is first upward and then downward; so that the number of articles in the journal is ascending and then descending from 2010 to 2016. The trend of received citations is also upward and growing from 2010 to 2012, and then downward and constant. Alireza Ghannadi’s article titled "Necessity, importance, and applications of Traditional Medicine knowledge in different nations" was the most cited article in Scopus with 12 citations. Mohammad Reza Shams Ardekani is the most productive author with 36 articles, and Meysam Shirzad has the most co-authorship with 153 links. Most of the top authors are from Tehran and Isfahan Universities of Medical Sciences. The keywords, traditional medicine with 74 occurrences, traditional Iranian medicine with 46 occurrences, and Persian Medicine with 45 occurrences are the three most frequent keywords in the Journal respectively.

This study has provided a bibliometric analysis and citation analysis of all the articles in the Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine during the years 2010 to 2021. The findings of this study can serve as a guide and roadmap to journalists and assist them in continuing their way.

Medical tourism as a money-making industry in the world has led to the increasing competition of countries to attract the maximum number of tourists. Considering the growing international competition in this field, in order to properly utilize the capabilities of Golestan province, this research was conducted with the aim of analysis and explaining the dimensions and components that promote and hinder the implementation of medical tourism policies in Golestan province.

This research was conducted using the qualitative method based on the Grounded theory in 2020. Data collection was conducted through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The research population included experts such as managers and faculty members of the university of medical sciences and public and private hospitals, managers and officials of the General Office of Cultural Heritage and Tourism, and travel agencies, doctors and nurses with at least 5 years of relevant work experience and expertise in the field of medical tourism. Purposive sampling was done and continued until data saturation. Finally, 13 people were interviewed. Data analysis was done simultaneously with data collection through Open, Axial and Selective coding and MaxQDA 2020 software.

The findings of the present study showed that the promoting and hindering factors for the implementation of medical tourism policies in Golestan province were categorized in the form of 263 codes, 65 concepts, 9 subcategories and 5 main categories. They consisted of climatic and environmental attractions, organizational architecture, policymaking system, capacity development and service quality and strategic management.

Using the results of this study, the policymakers of medical tourism in Golestan province can predict the appropriate implementation instrument regarding the policy-making process to develop medical tourism, income and business in Golestan province.

Occupational accidents are one of the most important risk factors for developing countries. In addition to designing preventive measures to prevent accidents, comprehensive research of accidents is considered as an undeniable necessity to reduce the risk of accidents. Thus, the first step is to find the root causes of their occurrence, which will certainly be possible with the use of appropriate techniques.

In this study, first, the appropriate criteria for designing the accident analysis method were collected. In the second step, commonly used techniques were collected through known databases. In the third step, the collected techniques were scaled based on the selected criteria using the TOPSIS method, and ultimately, the new method (FAM) was developed. Finally, by analyzing three different accidents with the developed technique and four other common techniques, as well as using the ANP method, the developed technique was tested and confirmed.

Based on the studies conducted to identify appropriate criteria for comparing accident analysis techniques, finally 6 criteria were selected for to be used in the study process. According to the findings, the FAM method with a normal final weight of 0.2684 was considered the priority in occupational accident analysis.

The output of this study was the introduction of the FAM technique. Using the strengths of the four techniques and covering their weaknesses, this technique can help identify and determine the causes of accidents graphically, systematically, and by minimizing the work attitude of analysts at three levels.