blood glucose level

The scientific name of rice is Oryza sativa. It is one of the important staple human foods. There are more than 110,000 cultivated varieties of rice, most widely known and grown. Nutrient concentration may vary depending on production, environment, pre- and post-harvesting treatment, and processing. Cooked rice with high amylose content effectively controls metabolic disorders, serum blood glucose levels, and lipid profile and is also effective in weight loss.

This study aimed to determine the comparative effect of amylose concentration in brown and white rice on hepatocellular insufficiency in healthy rat models.

We divided 25 rats into 5 groups (G0, G1, G2, G3, and G4). There were 5 rats in each group. Group 0 was the control group on a normal diet. Group 1 was fed white rice flour, G2 was fed cooked white rice, G3 was fed brown rice flour, and G4 was fed cooked brown rice. Free access to food and water was secured. Weight changes, blood glucose, and lipid profiles were analyzed pre and post-treatment.

Rats on white rice feed showed weight gain, increased blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low HDL levels. However, rats on brown rice feed showed less weight gain (P < 0.05), a lower increase in blood glucose (P < 0.05), high HDL, lower LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. The pancreas and liver histopathology showed no major changes due to the short trial duration.

Rats fed white rice showed ineffective results disturbing biological parameters as compared to those rats which were fed brown rice. Due to low amylose content and the presence of antioxidants, flavonoids, and high fiber content, brown rice shows beneficial effects in controlling and maintaining relevant biological parameters.

 In recent decades, algae have attracted worldwide attention for their great biological activities, such as antidiabetic and antibacterial properties.

 We measured antibacterial and α-glucosidase inhibition potential of methanol and 80% methanol extracts of three brown algae species, Polycladia myrica, Padina antillarum, and Sargassum boveanum, and a red alga, Palisada perforata, from the Persian Gulf coasts.

 Antibacterial activity of the algal extracts was assessed by broth dilution method against three gram-negative and -positive bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Furthermore, the yeast’s α-glucosidase inhibition of the algal extracts was measured via colorimetric assay. In addition, we investigated the beneficial effect of 80% MeOH extract of S. boveanum on the blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

 The MeOH extract of S. boveanum was the best antibacterial extract with MIC = 2.5 mg/mL against all bacterial strains except for E. coli. The MeOH and 80% MeOH extracts of P. myrica and P. antillarum inhibited α-glucosidase at most with IC50 values of 12.70 ± 1.88 µg/mL and 13.06 ± 4.44 µg/mL, respectively. The oral gavage of S. boveanum extract in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats resulted in decreasing their postprandial blood glucose levels. The algae and acarbose decreased blood glucose levels after sucrose administration in 60 minutes, compared to the non-drug-treated animals, with p values of 0.03 and 0.007, respectively.

 Overall, due to the in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic potential of S. boveanum, we suggest the alga as a new source for the isolation and identification of potential antidiabetic and antibacterial compounds.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the prominent public health issue. Pharmacotherapy and diet modification should be integrated into T2DM management.

To investigate the effects of vegetables consumption before carbohydrates on blood glucose and GLP‑1 levels in T2DM patients.

A non‑randomized quasi experimental study was conducted to recruit T2DM patients who attended at the Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia from April to May 2016. The Lemeshow’s formula was used to determine sample size. A total of 12 non‑diabetic and 24 diabetic patients were participated in our study. Glucose levels were measured using a routine hexokinase method while serum GLP‑1 levels were determined using the ELISA. The student t‑test was used to compare two groups with parametric data. The significant difference was at P < 0.05.

Our data showed that T2DM patients who consumed vegetables before carbohydrates, had relatively stable glucose levels at 0, 60 and 120 mins (164.25 ± 86.89 vs 183.5 ± 55.96 vs 167.83 ± 65.53, P = 0.163) and stay lowered within the normal range compared to T2DM patients who consumed vegetables after carbohydrates (165.08 ± 67.89 vs 241.92 ± 68.03 vs 204.92 ± 81.76, P = 0.022). Additionally, GLP‑1 levels remained stable after 60 and 120 min at day 1 (P = 0.816) and day 3 (P = 0.955).

Vegetables consumption before carbohydrate is a promising and simple method of diabetes diet for maintaining blood glucose and GLP‑1 levels and preventing from vascular complication.

Nowadays, vitamin D3 (VitD3) deficiency is among the most common dietary deficiencies around the world. Researchers have paid more attention to VitD3 because it is a vital element of the body and has a plausible relationship with various diseases such as diabetes mellitus type II. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency and its relationship with blood sugar levels in people with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). An observational study was conducted in 2017 in Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, for 8 months. Due to the use of census sampling, only 115 patients with diabetes and open-heart surgery were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire collected information on the participants' demographics, medical history, VitD3 levels and blood glucose levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 25. Independent t-test was used to compare quantitative data, and chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. One hundred and fifteen out of 348 patients who had CABG surgery were diabetic. Moreover, 24.7% of patients with diabetes had VitD3 deficiency. The results of the coefficient-correlation test indicated that there was a significant relationship between the mean blood glucose level and VitD3 level (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that patients with diabetes can improve their blood glucose control after CABG surgery by taking sufficient VitD3. Therefore, it should be considered as a principle of the hospital operation to prescribe VitD3 prior to surgery for these patients.

There have been thousands of neurochemical mechanism about blood glucose level regulation, but intrapancreatic taste buds and their roles in blood glucose level has not been described. We aimed to investigate if there are taste buds cored neural networks in the pancreas, and there is any relationship between blood glucose levels.

This examination was done on 32 chosen rats with their glucose levels. Animals are divided into owned blood glucose levels. If mean glucose levels were equal to 105±10 mg/dL accepted as euglycemic (G-I; n=14), 142±18 mg/dL values accepted as hyperglycemic (G-II; n=9) and 89±9 mg/dL accepted as hypoglycemic (G-III; n=9). After the experiment, animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia. Their pancreatic tissues were examined histological methods and numbers of newly described taste bud networks analyzed by Stereological methods. Results compared with Mann-Whitney U test P<0.005 considered as significant.

The mean normal blood glucose level (mg/dL) and taste bud network densities of per cm3 were: 105±10 mg/dL; 156±21 in G-I; 142±18 mg/dL and 95±14 in G-II and 89±9 mg/dL and 232±34 in G-III. P values as follows: P<0.001 of G-II/G-I; P<0.005 of G-III/G-I and P<0.0001 of G-III/G-II. We detected periarterial located taste buds like cell clusters and peripherally located ganglia connected with Langerhans cells via thin nerve fibers. There was an inverse relationship between the number of taste buds networks and blood glucose level.

Newly described intrapancreatic taste buds may have an important role in the regulation of blood glucose level.

Gasoline poses a threat to the public health, in general, and gasoline station workers, in particular. Cardiometabolic syndrome is a very common health problem among gasoline station workers throughout the world. In spite of its significance, few health assessments studies (if any) are available exploring the health risk effects of gasoline in relation to occupational exposure in Iraq. Trying to fill this gap, the present study aimed to evaluate health risk effects of gasoline on gasoline station workers in Iraq.

The study population (N=134) was composed of randomly selected male gasoline pump workers (N=83) in Basrah, Iraq. Unexposed healthy individuals (N=51) without any systemic or mental illness were used as a control group. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and blood glucose level were measured in both groups.

The results indicated that the BMI, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels were significantly higher among gasoline station workers in comparison to those in the control group.

Based on the results, it can be claimed that exposure to gasoline could increase the potential risk of many disorders such as metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, and elevated blood glucose level. It is highly recommended to consider preventive measures that protect gasoline station workers from such health threats. In addition, learning about the importance of wearing gloves, special coats, and face mask is believed to considerably reduce the risk of getting involved with such health problems.

Hyperglycemia has been tried to explain by different mechanisms, but glucose-sensing tongue taste buds-geniculate ganglia-facial nerve-vagal nerve-pancreas web relation has not been adequately investigated.

We aimed to investigate if there is any relationship between the described taste buds network degeneration and blood glucose levels following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

This study was conducted on 32 rabbits. Blood glucose levels were measured at the beginning, mid-phase, and the end of the experiment. Animals were divided into the groups of control (n = 5), physiologic serum saline (SHAM; n = 5), and subarachnoid hemorrhage with 0.5 cc homolog blood injection into cisterna magna (study; n = 22) three times a week and were sacrificed under general anesthesia after two weeks. The blood glucose level of 113 ± 20 mg/dL was accepted as normal (G-I; n = 11), lower than 80 mg/dl as hypoglycemic (G-II; n = 6), and higher than 149 mg/dl as hyperglycemic (G-III; n = 5). Their neuron densities of geniculate ganglia were examined by stereological methods. The statistical analysis was done between glucose levels/degenerated taste bud/neurons using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. We accepted P > 0.005 as non-significance.

The mean normal blood glucose level was 115 ± 9 mg/dl before surgery. The pre-sacrificed glucose level was 113 ± 8 mg/dL and the neuron density of the geniculate ganglia was 7.421 ± 530/mm3. The degenerated neuron density of geniculate ganglia was 13 ± 4/mm3 in controls 21 ± 7/mm3 in SHAM, 27 ± 7/mm3 in G-I, 21 ± 5/mm3 in G-II, and 112 ± 18/mm3 in G-III groups. The P values of glucose levels-degenerated neuron density of geniculate ganglia between control/G-III was: P < 0.00001; SHAM/G-III: P < 0.0005; GI/GII: P < 0.005.

Glucose sensing tongue taste buds-geniculate ganglia-facial nerve-vagal nerve-pancreas circuitry should be an unexplained web for the regulation of blood glucose level.

We carried out this meta?analysis for the aim of exploring the in?uence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke. Relevant studies were identifed using computerized databases supplemented with manual search strategies. Te included studies were strictly followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Case?control studies which related to the in?uence of DM on the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke were selected. Statistical analyses were implemented with the STATA version 12.0 statistical software. Our current meta?analysis initially retrieved 253 studies (227 in Chinese and 26 in English), 13 studies (6 in English and 7 in Chinese) were eventually incorporated in this meta?analysis. Tese 13 case?control studies included 8463 patients altogether (3249 patients with DM complicated with ischemic stroke and 5214 patients with ischemic stroke). Te results of this meta?analysis manifested that there was a signifcant di?erence of the blood glucose level at 48 h after stroke between patients with DM complicated with ischemic stroke and patients with ischemic stroke standard mean di?erence [SMD] =1.27, 95% confdence interval [CI] =0.02–2.51, P = 0.047); however, the e?ectiveness, fatality, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in patients with DM complicated with ischemic stroke, and patients with ischemic stroke had no signifcant di?erence (e?ectiveness: risk ratio [RR] = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.75–1.03, P = 0.121; fatality: RR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.97–1.71, P = 0.081; NIHSS score: SMD = -0.14, 95% CI = -1.56?1.28, P = 0.849). Te current evidence suggests that there is statistical di?erence of the blood glucose level at 48 h after stroke between patients with DM complicated with ischemic stroke and patients with ischemic stroke, but there is no statistical di?erence of prognostic indicators between patients in two groups. Tus, our study provides certain clinical value.

Triple solid dispersion adsorbates (TSDads) and spherical agglomerates (SA) present new techniques that extensively enhance dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. The aim of the present study is to hasten the onset of hypoglycemic effect of glimepiride through enhancing its rate of release from tablet formulation prepared from either technique. Drug release from TSDads or SA tablets with different added excipients was explored. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and effect of compression on dissolution were illustrated. Pharmacodynamic evaluation was performed on optimized tablets. TSDads & SA tablets with Cross Povidone showed least disintegration times of 1.48 and 0.5 min. respectively. Kinetics of drug release recorded least half-lives (54.13 and 59.83min for both techniques respectively). Cross section in tablets displayed an organized interconnected matrix under SEM, accounting for the rapid access of dissolution media to the tablet core. Components of tablets filled into capsules showed a similar release profile to that of tablets after compression as indicated by similarity factor. The onset time of maximum reduction in blood glucose in male albino rabbits was hastened to 2h instead of 3h for commercial tablets. After optimization of tablet excipients that interacted differently with respect to their effect on drug release, we could conclude that both amorphisation and spheronization were equally successful in promoting in vitro dissolution enhancement as well as providing a more rapid onset time for drug action in vivo.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic and progressive disease that has reached the epidemic level around the world. In Malaysia, according to the third National Health and Morbidity Survey (2006), the prevalence of diabetes has increased to 14.9% from 8.3% in 1996. Co-morbid psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress have been shown to be high among type 2 diabetic patients in Malaysia and they were also associated with the level of glycemia. The present study sought to examine the relationships of diabetes distress and psychological well-being to glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes. A total of 60 adults with type 2 diabetes participated in the study and were given the diabetes distress scale (DDS-17) and well-being questionnaire (W-BQ 22) to measure their level of distress and psychological well-being using Pearson correlation test. The most recent data on glycemic control (or blood glucose level, HbA1c) were obtained from the participants’medical records, (with poor glycemic control defined by HbA1c>7.5%). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 19) used to analyze the data obtained from questionnaires. Pearson correlation results indicated significant positive relationship between blood glucose level and variables of diabetes distress (r=0.27, P=0.03) and psychological well-being (r=0.53, P=0.00). There were no significant relationships between blood glucose level and diabetes distress dimensions (emotional burden, physician-related distress, regimen-related distress, and internal distress). However, there were significant relationships between blood glucose level and variables of depression (r=-0.27, P=0.03) and anxiety (r=-0.41, P=0.00), both of which are dimensions of psychological well-being. The study results have shown that diabetes distress and psychological wellbeing are associated with glycemic control and while it is not always possible to avoid stress, learning to recognize and cope with stressors may help individuals with diabetes maintain good glycemic control and improve general well-being. These results are consistent with the results of past studies in Malaysia.abuse.

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) as 3 g tablet is widely used in Iran to protect stored food grains from pests. Hyperglycemia following its ingestion has been already reported in the recent years but severe hypoglycemia is uncommon. Here, we report a 19 year old male who attempted suicide with one tablet of AlP and demonstrated severe hypoglycemia. Despite restoration of blood glucose concentration to normal, he failed to respond to supportive treatment and died. The possible mechanisms leading to severe hypoglycemia are discussed. Though severe hypoglycemia is rare following AlP poisoning, physicians managing such patients should be aware of it.

For decades, exercise has been considered as a cornerstone for managing diabetes. The current study aimed to determine the effects of regular exercise on blood glucose, lipids and HbA1C in type-2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 61 diabetic patients were randomly selected. Later, subjects with capability of doing exercise took part in a special four-week exercise program. The blood glucose, lipid levels (before and after 4 weeks) and HbA1C (before and three months after exercise program) of 32 subjects were measured and compared in the time scales. Our results showed a significant reduction in blood glucose and lipid concentrations. However, the reduction observed in HbA1C was insignificant (P=0.12). Comparison of pre- and post-exercise results demonstrated a significant improved glycemic control. The findings confirm the benefits of exercise training in type 2 diabetic patients. There are many studies which support the importance of physical activities program in controlling and preventing the common metabolic disorder and its complication.