gametogenesis

Centerospmes are only organelle without membrane in vertebrate cells and are mostly composed from two main structures; centriols and pericentrial materials. During development, major changes occur in the centrosome structure and morphology that the most of these changes happen during the process of gametogenesis, fertilization and early development in embryo development. The aim of this review article was to familiarize to the structur and component of centrosomes, its role in gametogenesis and early stages of development as well as cellular and molecular mechanism involved in this process. In addition, importance of centrosomes is also discussed. This article is the first study that centrosomes are thoroughly studied from cellular, molecular and clinical aspects.
Literature search in Entrez PubMed as well as other data sources from 1985 to 2015 was done.
Male and female gametes produce centrosome in a mutual model. After combitation of centrosomes components of gametes to each other, a functional centrosome for zygot is created.
Centrosomes study has opened new ways for treatment of infertility related to centrosomes deficits, inability to form sperm aster and mitotic apparatus of cell division that is necessary to ensure proper growth.

Production of antibodies against specific proteins of testis germ cells is of great significance for the investigation of processes involved in spermatogenesis, study of infertility problems and determination of the probable role of these proteins as cancer-testis antigens. Murine Testis Specific Recombinant Protein 101 (mTEX101) is a 38kDa, GPI-anchored protein which is expressed in testis germ cells of adult mice but it seems to be absent in other tissues. The structure and function of mTEX101 is not completely understood yet, but it is speculated that it may transduce biochemical signals into the cytoplasm since mTEX101 does not have an intracellular domain but the precise mechanisms are still ambiguous. RNA was extracted from three adult mice testis. The RNA was used in RT-PCR, employing a pair of specific primers for mTEX101 ORF region. TA-cloning technique was performed by the insertion of mTEX101 into a pGEM-T Easy Vector, followed by its subcloning into a His-tagged expression vector, pET-28a (). The recombinant mTEX101 was then produced by transfection of the expression vector into BL 21 (DE3) E. coli strain. A recombinant protein, weighing 27kDa, was produced upon IPTG-induction of the bacterial host. The presence of mTEX101 protein was detected through Western blot analysis by anti-mTEX101 peptide antibodies. We produced mTEX101 recombinant protein that could be used for the production of mono and polyclonal antibodies.