جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "knowledge" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Globally, foodborne illnesses pose a substantial threat to public health, contributing significantly to illness and death. The behaviors, awareness, and attitudes of food handlers are critical determinants of food safety. This research aimed to investigate the comprehensiveness and scope of food safetyand hygiene training initiatives targeting food handlers in Lusaka, Zambia. To this end, we conducted a two-phase qualitative analysis and evaluation of available training materials. This included interviews with 18 food establishment managers/ Human resource officers" should not be capitalized unless it is part of a proper noun. The analysis was conducted manually to identify emerging themes and understanding the materials to assess the entry requirements for participants,duration of training, qualifications of trainers, topics covered and the delivery methods used. The study found no uniform format for the training materials which also lacked important topics on food safety systems and good agricultural practices and good agricultural practices topics. Additionally, the study found poor uptake of the training due to a lack of awareness of legal requirements, high attrition, training costs, and a lack of established institutions offering the training on a regular basis. This study recommends the standardization of food safety and hygiene training programs in Zambia, tailored to the local context. Specifically, the development of a Participant's Handbook and a Facilitator's Manual is recommended. These resources should outline qualifications and competencies required for trainers, duration and format of training and entry requirements and prerequisites for trainees.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) include a range of clinical syndromes that may be acquired/transmitted from one individual to another through sexual activity.

This study aimed to determine the awareness and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections and its associated factors among clinically suspected cases.

A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was used among 194 STIs patients between aged 15 to 60 years from a tertiary care hospital during August 2022 to March 2023. Data were collected through self-administered structured schedule. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with awareness and knowledge of STIs.

The proportion of respondents with good awareness and knowledge about STIs was 62% and 50% respectively. Respondents with poor awareness and poor knowledge of STIs were found to be more likely to engage in informal treatment care (AOR = 7.39, 95% CI [2.14-25.52] P = 0.002),) and (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.34-4.30], P = 0.021). Place of residence, educational status, occupation, type of treatment care was found to be significantly associated with awareness of STIs and type of treatment care, referral status, delay in seeking treatment were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of STIs.

The current findings show that the knowledge level on STIs has slightly increased compared to previous studies, but it was still unsatisfactory. The existing education programs in the country should be enhanced, by conveying more information on STIs.

Knowledge, attitude, practices, and concerns (KAPC) are important components for the COVID-19 vaccine. Identifying the typology of KAPC can provide health care professionals insight into ways to encourage vaccination uptake among the student population. The study pursues two specific objectives: Classification of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences students based on KAPC about the COVID-19 vaccine, determining the relationship between these patterns, and performing COVID-19 vaccine injection.

A cross-sectional study design was used to collect the data about the students’ COVID-19 vaccination and their perception of KAPC toward the COVID-19 vaccine. The analysis of data was conducted in two steps. First, we conducted a latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify subgroups of the COVID-19 vaccine KAPC patterns. Second, the associations between the typology of KAPC and vaccine injection were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Also, the scores of KAPC were compared using an analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests.

The current study showed three profiles (patterns) of the COVID-19 vaccine KAPC. These patterns included “moderate to high for KAPC” (profile 1: 70.5%), “high knowledge, attitude, practices, and low concerns” (profile 2: 25.4%), “moderate knowledge and low attitude, practices, and high concerns” (profile 3: 4.1%). Students in the three profiles differed significantly in their KAPC factors. The individuals with membership in profile 2 and profile 3 relative to profile 1 have 73% and 99% less odds of injecting the vaccine, respectively.

The patterns of KAPC have various distributions in vaccine injection. It seems that governmental authorities should take measures to improve the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the people appropriate to each profile and identify any obstacles to their promotion.

Comatose is a state of deep unconsciousness in an individual being unresponsive which has an impact on the informal caregivers providing care to their kinships. The validity and reliability of the domains of the Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness-Comatose Caregiver Questionnaire (KAA-CCQ) and has been taken into consideration as an outcome measure to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and awareness among the caregivers of comatose patients. 68 informal caregivers above the age of 18 years related to comatose patients were included in the study. The self-developed KAA-CCQ was administered on the informal caregivers of comatose patients to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding coma. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated by Spearman’s rank correlation and Cronbach΄s alpha, respectively. The reliability of all the three domains and the questionnaire was found to be 0.8 and the item correlation with respect to the domain was above 0.6 for the knowledge whereas it was above 0.6 for the attitude and awareness domains that justified the validity of the questionnaire, and also the questionnaire had an excellent reliability. The KAA-CCQ will be a suitable questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude, and awareness in the informal caregivers of comatose patients.

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer among women worldwide. In 2012, 528,000 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed globally, 85% of which were in less developed countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia (including India) and Central andSouth American countries. Currently, cervical cancer is the 2ndleading cause of cancer deaths in India which approximately accounts to 1/3rdof the global cervical cancer deaths. High-risk types are HPV16 & 18 and they account for more than 90% of cervical carcinoma and the route of transmission is mainly by sexual contact, which can be prevented by health education. The present study was conducted among rural reproductive women where the prevalence of cervical cancer is high and can be prevented by using a simple intervention method of health education.

An interventional, community-based comparative study was conducted among 388 women of reproductive age residing in Whitefield, Bengaluru, over a period of one and a half years (May 2016 –October 2017). The pre-tested, semi-structured (Questionnaire) data collection tool was used to collect data before and after intervention (IPC).

Out of 388 women who participated in the study, the majority 223 (57.48%) belonged to the age group of 15-29 years. The awareness about cervical cancer significantly improved post-intervention (IPC). 26.29% had underdone pap smear examination for cervical cancer post-intervention compared to only 18.04% pre-intervention. The findings suggest a significant improvement in awareness and screening practices post-intervention.

The findings of the study suggest that there was a positive impact of Interpersonal Communication on the overall increase in knowledge regarding Cervical cancer and its prevention among the women of reproductive age group in the study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of households living in Darmian city, South Khorasan, Iran, with regard to municipal solid waste (MSW) management.

The quota sampling method was used based on Darmian city zoning. The questionnaire was included questions about knowledge, attitude, and practice in the MSW management domain. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago) using descriptive statistics and appropriate nonparametric statistical tests.

The findings showed that the mean score of knowledge was 8.53 ± 2.46, of attitude was 16.60 ± 2.70, and of practice was 3.02 ± 1.10. It was found that the implementation of management plans could improve health and environmental aspects.

According to the findings, the scores of knowledge and practice were higher among urban residents than rural ones. Therefore, proper planning for improving the cultural level of rural residents in this regard should be considered. To increase participation in waste separation and recycling practices, educational campaigns and mass media can be the used as one of the effective educational strategies

This study was undertaken due to the high prevalence of periodontal diseases in diabetic patients and the known oral complications of diabetes mellitus. Besides, research on the periodontal diseases of diabetic patients and the relationship between these two conditions is inadequate in Zahedan, Iran.

This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetic patients regarding periodontal diseases in the diabetes centers of Zahedan, Iran.

This study with a descriptive-analytical method was questionnaire-based. The study population consisted of diabetic patients, aged ≥ 40 years, with at least 10 teeth (n = 80), who were selected by convenience sampling. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been measured in previous research. Data were first extracted from the questionnaires and then entered into SPSS version 24; for data analysis, statistical tests were performed.

The patients’ mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 5.73 ± 1.48, 19.40 ± 3.68, and 3.25 ± 1.47, respectively. Besides, 68.8% of the participants had a moderate level of knowledge, 81.3% had moderate attitudes, and 60% had a poor practice. Also, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were not significantly different in terms of demographic variables (age, sex, and education) (P > 0.05).

This study showed that the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetic patients regarding periodontal diseases is not at an acceptable level. Therefore, it is necessary to provide training and effective strategies to improve the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of these patients.

Anesthesia is a significant development of modern medicine that makes diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with unbearable pain or discomfort feasible. Like most medical procedures, anesthesia is not free of complications. It is shown that many patients suffer from anxiety due to fear of anesthesia complications before operation. Increasing patients’ knowledge of these complications can help them reduce their anxiety. This study aimed to assess the patients’ knowledge and attitude toward anesthesia complications and their relationship with demographic features and previous anesthesia experience to ensure a helpful and informative preoperative visit.

This is an original study conducted on patients referred to our anesthesia clinic for a preoperative visit, completing a questionnaire about demographic features, previous anesthesia experience, knowledge, and attitude toward anesthesia complications. The results were expressed as frequencies and percentages. T-test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression were used to find the significance of the study parameters.

Four hundred patients entered the study. Patient demographics were as follows: 260 (65.0%) female, 251 (62.75%) high school-graduated or below, mean (SD) age 42.75± 13.62 years. 260(65.0%) patients had previous anesthesia experience. Patients’ mean (SD) knowledge score was 6.83 ± 4.18 out of 19 questions and the mean (SD) attitude score was 54.26 ± 6.59. The patients were most aware of postoperative delirium (72.8%), nausea and vomiting (66.0%), feeling pain during surgery (59.5%), and death (52.3%) as general anesthesia complications. There was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the female sex (p-value= 0.03). University education had a significant relationship with knowledge and attitude (both p-values ≤ 0.001). There was a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (Pearson correlation= 0.461, p-value ≤ 0.001), as well.

Unfortunately, the knowledge about anesthesia complications in outpatients referring to our tertiary care center was poor. Women and university-educated patients had a higher level of knowledge. In contrast, most patients had a positive attitude toward anesthesia which was significantly higher in university-educated patients. It is shown that with the increase in the level of knowledge, attitude scores increased as well.

Self-harm is a serious health concern, and is relatively common among adolescents. The quality-of-service delivery to self-harming patients is related to the knowledge and attitude of nurses.

This study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude of emergency department (ED) nurses from northern Iran regarding the care of self-harming adolescents and find the related factors.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 208 ED nurses with over 6 months of work experience in the ED of hospitals in Rasht, Iran. They were selected using a census sampling method. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire including a sociodemographic form, the attitudes towards deliberate self-harm questionnaire (ADSHQ), and Letho et al.’s knowledge scale. The collected data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilks test, Mann-Whitney U test, multiple linear regression analysis, and the Spearman correlation test.

The mean age of the nurses was 34.8±7.8 years, and the majority of them were female (90.9%) with a bachelor’s degree (88.5%). The mean total score of knowledge was 0.67±0.12. Nurses’ attitudes were mostly positive, and the total ADSHQ score was 3.59±0.28. The ADSHQ score was significantly different based on nurses’ age (P=0.03) and experience in caring for self-harming adolescents (P=0.033). The ADSHQ score had a positive correlation with the knowledge score (r=0.252, P=0.001). The knowledge score was significantly different based on marital status (P=0.042) and experience in caring for self-harming adolescents (P=0.016). The significant factors for the ADSHQ score in the multiple regression model were the risk factors domain of the knowledge (β=0.334, 95%CI; 1.527%, 3.367%, P=0.001), age (β=0.184, 95% CI; 0.061%, 0.323%, P=0.004) and experience in caring for self-harming adolescents (β=2.4, 95% CI; 0.340%, 4.595%, P=0.023).

Nurses’ knowledge in caring of the intentional self-harm adolescents was moderate and their attitude towards these adolescents was positive. In the EDs, it is recommended that nurses with experience dealing with self-harming adolescents be employed. Also, retraining programs should be provided to ED nurses to improve their knowledge and positive attitudes towards caring for self-harming adolescents, focusing on increasing empathy and perceived confidence.

Self-efficacy and knowledge of various types of decision-makers concerning the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine can play an essential role in the acceptance of the vaccine in women. This study sought to investigate the self-efficacy and knowledge regarding the HPV vaccine among different decision-makers, encompassing self-decision makers (SDM), assisted-decision makers (ADM), and helping-decision makers (HDM). This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia, from May 13th to June 15th, 2023, involving 441 females distributed among three decision-making groups, each comprising 147 participants. Inclusion criteria were not receiving an HPV vaccination and being proficient in Bahasa Indonesia. Specific criteria were women aged 18-26 for SDM, sexually inexperienced female adolescents aged 9-17 for ADM, and mothers of eligible female adolescents for HDM. Participants completed questionnaires on self-efficacy and knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc test (P<0.05) were used to analyze the data performed in SPSS 26 software. Most respondents were employed (224, 50.8%), were of low socioeconomic status (271, 61.5%), and had medium knowledge (278, 63%) and medium self-efficacy (190, 43.1%). The HDM and SDM groups demonstrated the lowest and highest knowledge scores, respectively, across all domains compared to the other groups, encompassing knowledge about HPV infection, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination. The median score for self-efficacy in the SDM and HDM groups was the highest and lowest among the different types, respectively. The median of self-efficacy and knowledge showed statistically significant differences among decision-making groups (P<0.001). This study revealed a significant difference between diverse decision-making groups and knowledge and self-efficacy. Educational interventions focusing on various types of decision-maker groups are recommended.

Mental health literacy among adolescents is crucial for the early recognition, management, and prevention of mental health issues. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding mental health literacy among adolescents to identify gaps and inform targeted interventions. 

This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews to collect data from 29 adolescents aged 13-18 in Richmond Hill, Ontario, and was conducted between April and July 2023. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure diversity. Data analysis was performed using NVivo software, and thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes and subthemes. 

The analysis revealed three main themes: Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. The knowledge theme included categories, such as understanding of mental health, awareness of services, recognition of symptoms, sources of information, misconceptions, and mental health Education. The attitudes theme comprised stigma and stereotypes, willingness to seek help, perception of peer attitudes, the influence of media, role of family, and impact of cultural beliefs. The beliefs theme covered the causes of mental health issues, consequences of mental health issues, self-efficacy in managing mental health, effectiveness of treatment, and the role of community support. 

This study highlights the need for comprehensive and culturally sensitive mental health education programs to address misconceptions, reduce stigma, and enhance support systems. By fostering a supportive environment within families, schools, and communities, adolescents’ mental health literacy can be improved, promoting better mental health outcomes.

Breast cancer is a public health concern and the leading cause of death among women. This study examined the factors affecting knowledge of breast cancer and screening practices among women of childbearing age in Abakaliki, Metropolis, Nigeria.  

The community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out on 401 women using a four-stage sampling process from February to March 2021 in Abakaliki Metropolis, Nigeria. The tools used consisted of a questionnaire including socio-demographic and breast disease-related data, and a researcher-made questionnaire for knowledge and Preventive practice against breast cancer that was completed by face-to-face method in the community. Data were analysed by SPSS version 25 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that 18.0% of respondents had good knowledge and 8.7% had good breast cancer screening practices, from whom 23.4% had ever practiced breast self-examination, 9.5% had undergone a clinical breast examination, 3.5% had undergone mammography. Determinants of good knowledge of breast cancer included having an interest in matters related to breast cancer, AOR= 4.2 (95%CI: 2.0-9.0), having attained tertiary education, AOR=5.0 (95% CI: 2.4-9.8) and being in low socio-economic class, AOR=0.4 95% CI: 0.2-8.3). Determinants of good preventive practices included being less than 25 years, AOR=0.2 (95% CI: 0.1-0.8), having an interest in matters related to breast cancer, AOR=2.6 95% CI: 1.0-6.5) and attaining tertiary education, AOR=4.4 (95% CI: 1.0-6.5).

Women need to become more aware of breast cancer, especially those in younger age groups, low educational status, and poor socioeconomic class for early detection of breast cancer.