life style

Considering special needs, paying attention to health-promoting behaviors, and adopting a healthy lifestyle during old age is of considerable importance. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of explaining the relationship between self-efficacy and health-related lifestyle in the elderly.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 370 elderly people of Mallard City, Iran, by
multi-stage random sampling method. To collect data, lifestyle questionnaires related to health in the elderly and Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used. Data were tested and analyzed using descriptive statistics (central and dispersion indices), Pearson's correlation test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) in EQS and SPSS software.

Examining the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) results indicated that the model had a good fit and GFI was found to be within the acceptable range. Furthermore, the analysis of the research hypotheses revealed that the self-efficacy scores of the elderly had a direct and significant relationship with the overall health-related lifestyle score and all its components (P < 0.001).

Self-efficacy has a direct relationship with the lifestyle related to health and all its components, especially exercise and prevention, and can be one of the most important factors influencing health behaviors. Educational and especially intervention measures are emphasized to increase self-efficacy in the elderly.

Through sense of coherence, it can be justified why someone can go through a high level of stress and stay healthy.

Current research was done to edit the pattern of self-cohesion promotion during old age.

The current research was of a qualitative type with the method of grand theory. The research population was all elderly people between 60 and 65 years old a metaphorical network member (Sen Kamal), and in 2022/10 people were selected by targeted sampling method. The data was collected with semi-structured interviews and analyzed in three stages open, selective, and central coding.

After reviewing and analyzing the data, 97 themes, 17 subcategories, and 4 main categories were identified. The main categories include self-efficacy characteristics (ability and capability to use available resources, having self-efficacy characteristics), family roles and values ​​(health of the origin family, personal values, spiritual values, personal and social interests), Intervening conditions including lifestyle(healthy lifestyle, economic stability), and the strategic factors were solution-oriented and emotion-oriented (self-management, solving problems, establishing effective relationships, personal growth and development, purposefulness in life, self-awareness, management in life, integrating experiences, social participation).

The results of the present study showed the feeling of coherence creates a general orientation based on generalized self-confidence in elders when they can respond to the structured inner and outer stimuli, and make their lives predictable and meaningful with their experiences and available resources. The self-coherence pattern can provide a platform for social plans policy for elders' lives, according to -the Islamic lifestyle so they can accept this era’s needs as a manageable challenge and meet these needs with achieved abilities.

The central theme in articulating a "healthy life grounded in the Islamic-Iranian model" is encapsulated in the profound Qur'anic phrase "Hayat tayebeh." This concept signifies living in accordance with divine principles and striving towards the ultimate aim of "closeness to the Divine and adhering to ethical standards set forth by God". In this lifestyle, material comfort is achieved alongside spiritual development, and ascension, happiness in this world and the hereafter, is guaranteed for man. The regulation and fulfillment of life in this world and the hereafter are hence, assured. In this article, health is defined as encompassing comprehensive physical, mental, spiritual, and social well-being.

This research has been conducted through a review of credible national (Islamic sources related to Persian medicine and health) and international literature, integrating these findings across five dimensions of a healthy lifestyle reflective of the Islamic-Iranian ethos.

The principles of Islamic beliefs and the essentials of a healthy lifestyle have been delineated across four domains: cosmology, anthropology, epistemology, and values. These principles are manifested within the context of the vibrant Iranian culture, particularly concerning the health of its populace. The predominant focus of the Islamic-Iranian lifestyle is health-centric, emphasizing the management of disease prevention, and the promotion of well-being. Essential to this lifestyle are not only appropriate behaviors in personal and familial contexts, but also elevated social values, including "social acceptance," "environmental reform," and "healthy interpersonal relationships within the society". Key components of a healthy lifestyle, aligned with the Islamic and Iranian model, encompass "health maintenance," "mental health," "preventive practices," "nutritional adequacy," "suitable physical activity and rest," and "attention to spiritual well-being".

Lifestyle represents an interdisciplinary subject that can be interpreted as a life blueprint within Islamic culture. Its foundational source lies in the belief in the principles and cognitive underpinnings of Islam, which inform human inclinations, beliefs, and both individual and collective behaviors.

Obesity and advancing age in men, in addition to numerous health problems, can negatively affect spermatogenesis and fertility potential. The present study aimed to determine the correlation of sperm parameters with age and body mass index (BMI) in infertile men.

In this descriptive-analytical study, semen parameters (concentration, motility, and morphology) of 7069 men referring to an infertility center in Isfahan were evaluated based on the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. BMI was calculated by dividing an individual’s weight (kg) by the square of their height (m).

A weak positive correlation was observed between men’s BMI and age (P<0.001, r=0.07). Also semen volume (P<0.001, r=-0.02), sperm concentration (P<0.001, r=-0.02), and sperm count (P<0.001, r=-0.04) had a weak negative correlation with BMI. No statistically significant correlation was observed between sperm motility and BMI. Regarding men’s age, only a weak negative correlation was observed between this parameter and sperm motility (P<0.001, r=-0.04).

Increasing BMI and age in men may be associated with decreased sperm quality and fertility potential.

Physical diseases such as multiple sclerosis cause psychological and physical damages in the patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the role of life style on the mental wellbeing with the mediation role of health hardiness in the women with multiple sclerosis.

It was a descriptive study in correlational and structural equations type. The statistical population included all the women with MS who referred to specialized clinics in the city of Tehran in 2019, sixty of whom were selected via available sampling method as the research sample. The data collection instruments included life style questionnaire (La’li et.al, 1991), health hardiness inventory (Gebhardet, Vander Doef, Paul, 2001), and mental wellbeing (Keyes, Magyar-Moe, 2003). The data analysis from this study was conducted through structural equations modeling method.

The results of investigating the direct effects of research variables showed that the life style had significant direct effect on the mental wellbeing, mental wellbeing had significant direct effect on the health hardiness and health hardiness had significant direct effect on the mental wellbeing (P<0.05). Moreover, the mediating role of health hardiness was confirmed in the relationship between the life style and mental wellbeing in the patient with MS.

according to the results of the study, paying more attention to the role of life style and psychological factors such as health hardiness in order to increase mental wellbeing of the patients with MS is suggested.

Lifestyle is an individual issue and is influenced by social processes. The present study aimed to compare how some social factors affect the health of the elderly and predict their lifestyle in Iran and Iraq.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 800 elderly individuals aged 60 years and older referred to health centers in Iraq and Iran in 2022. Participants were randomly selected using a cluster sampling method. Data was collected using the demographic profile form, the healthy lifestyle questionnaire, and the questionnaire for social factors affecting health. Descriptive and analytical statistical tests (T-test, ANOVA, and Regression) were employed for data analysis.

The findings showed that Iraqi elderly individuals generally exhibited higher levels of active social participation, life satisfaction, access to health centers, and environmental adaptation. However, in other variables such as hope for the future, telephone communication and face-to-face meetings with people around them, or the number of medical visits, Iranian elderly participants were in better condition. Regression analysis revealed that the active social participation variable had the most significant impact on lifestyle changes for elderly individuals in both countries.

To enhance the quality of life for elderly individuals in Iran and Iraq, decisions and policies should prioritize active social participation, increased life satisfaction, and effective adaptation to environmental factors.

Diabetes is a condition that affects patients in different physical, mental, and social dimensions. This study aimed to explore the life experience of diabetes among diabetic patients.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using Schutz’s phenomenological method. Accordingly, the researchers used in-depth and consecutive interviews as a tool to get descriptions of lived experiences. The purposeful sampling method was used, and a total of 21 diabetics living in Jahrom were studied for 8 months. The collected data were analyzed using the Schutz method and classified as first-order constructs, second-order constructs, and sorting.

In the health-oriented bio, the findings included the analysis of the main theme (categorization) of self-care, insomnia, diabetes, weight fluctuation, physical difficulties, impotence, and mental disorders, as well as 21 second-order constructs. In lifestyle, the findings included four main themes (categorization) of physical education, nutrition patterns, spiritual life, leisure life, and 17 second-order constructs. The perceived meaning of diabetes also included seven second-order constructs, including hyperglycemia, stress and diabetes, diabetes and genetics, insulin hormone, pancreas, hormones, death anxiety, and panic management.

It seems that self-care, physical problems, mental disorders, and sexual impotence played important roles in the health-oriented life experience of diabetic patients, and leisure life, spiritual life, patterns of nutrition, and physical training had a crucial role in the lifestyle of diabetic patients, as well as the perceived meaning of diabetes in controlling the disease.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant and costly health issue worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Iran. As the third most common cancer globally, its prevalence varies considerably across different geographical regions and ethnic groups and is closely related to lifestyle factors. Therefore, careful investigations in diverse populations can help improve public health and develop appropriate strategies to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. Given the increasing prevalence of this disease, identifying related risk factors in regions with a high prevalence of gastrointestinal cancers, especially in northern Iran, is crucial. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with colorectal cancer (such as underlying diseases, nutritional habits, and physical activity) in patients referred to the Mazandaran Comprehensive Cancer Center, compared to a control group.

This case-control study included 123 patients with pathology-confirmed colorectal cancer referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, and 100 controls without gastrointestinal symptoms who were also referred to the hospital. Participants were randomly selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, considering factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity. Data from each participant were collected through personal interviews using designed questionnaires.

The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender (P=0.084). Although the average body mass index (BMI) of the patients was higher than that of the control group (26.64±4.01 kg/m² in the control group and 27.99±6.48 kg/m² in the case group), the difference was not statistically significant. Overall, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the prevalence of underlying diseases. A history of drug use revealed that patients used more folic acid, vitamin D, and antihypertensive medications. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in cigarette, hookah, or opium consumption between the two groups. However, the results indicated that the control group engaged in significantly more physical activity, and patients' ability to walk long distances was significantly lower compared to non-patients. In terms of diet, patients consumed more red meat, chicken, fish, and processed foods than the control group. Additionally, the consumption of vegetables—such as lettuce, fresh vegetables, and onions—was lower in patients compared to the control group.

A family history of cancer, underlying conditions like hypertension and hyperlipidemia, a high body mass index, low physical activity, high intake of animal proteins, and low intake of vegetables were identified as risk factors for CRC in this study. Therefore, promoting healthier lifestyles, improving dietary habits, and encouraging physical activity should be priorities for health policymakers. Screening individuals with a family history of cancer could also help reduce the burden of colorectal cancer.

The number of the elderly population is increasing, and Alzheimer's disease is one of the age-related and debilitating neurological diseases that impose a major social and economic burden. Nowadays, since there is no effective treatment for this disease, prevention through lifestyle modification is vital. The aim of this study was to review lifestyle strategies in middle age to prevent cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in old age.

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MagIran, SID, IranDoc, and Google Scholar databases was performed using appropriate keywords. Authentic articles published from 2010 to 2024 that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed.

The results showed that a healthy lifestyle approach, including eating foods containing more B group vitamins and antioxidants, a Mediterranean or Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, aerobic or non-aerobic exercise, and reducing everyday stressors through meditation, yoga, or mindfulness may be promising options for delaying or preventing Alzheimer's disease.

To prevent cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in old age, it is recommended to consider a combination of lifestyle interventions from middle age.

Obesity is a prevalent nutritional disorder found in all countries and is closely associated with various common diseases. The media lifestyle plays a significant role in influencing obesity. This study aims to explore the factors associated with the formation of media lifestyle and their impact on obesity among adolescents.

This qualitative research employed a phenomenological approach based on the Claizian analysis model. The study participants consisted of 10 overweight and obese girl students aged 10-14, voluntarily selected in 2022. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded, and analyzed.

The analysis of interviews revealed three main categories, including “neglecting attention to a healthy lifestyle”, “changing attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle”, and “media identity”. “Neglecting attention to a healthy lifestyle” encompasses concepts such as media consumption, planning, mental disorders, sleep patterns, eating habits influenced by media, mobility, and media distractions. Within the “changing attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle” category, concepts related to emotions, interests, and nutrition emerged. “Media identity” encompasses personal cell phone usage and heavy reliance on media.

The study sheds light on the intricate relationship between media lifestyle, neglect of healthy practices, and shifts in attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle. These factors, combined with the development of a unique media identity among teenagers, hinder their focus on various aspects of well-being. Notably, obesity stands out as one of the consequences of this multifaceted interplay. Policymakers aiming to promote health and prevent obesity should prioritize addressing media influences.