lipid profile

Exercise, as a practical strategy, plays a crucial role in increasing sirtuin 1 protein levels, improving lipid profiles, and preventing complications of overweight and obesity. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise training on sirtuin 1 protein levels and lipid profiles in adults with and without chronic diseases.

In the present meta-analysis research, a systematic search of English and Persian studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, and Magiran databases was conducted until September 2024. Weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the (I2) test, and publication bias was evaluated by visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test.

A total of 13 studies (with 15 interventions) and 398 adults with and without chronic diseases were meta-analyzed. The results showed that exercise training significantly increased sirtuin 1 [WMD=1.479 (1.103 to 1.856) P=0.001] and high density lipoprotein [WMD=-9.884 (5.166 to 14.603) P=0.001], compared to the control group. However, exercise training significantly decreased total Cholesterol [WMD=-14.071 (-20.057 to -8.085), P=0.001], triglyceride [WMD=-19.616 (-24.058 to -15.175), P=0.001], and low density lipoprotein [WMD=-15.636 (-21.911 to -9.361), P=0.001], compared to the control group in adults with and without chronic diseases.

The results of the present meta-analysis showed that exercise has a positive effect on sirtuin 1 levels and lipid profile indices in adults with and without chronic diseases.

Physical activity and green tea are one of the recommended ways to control obesity and its complications such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and liver inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of exercise training and green tea on lipid profile in adults with overweight and obesity.

A systematic search of English and Persian articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, Civilica, and Magiran databases was conducted until June 2024.

A total of 14 studies with 390 adults with overweight and obesity, of which 198 subjects were in the combined exercise and green tea group with an average age of 34 years old and BMI with an average of 30 kg.m2, of which 192 subjects in the control group with an average age of 34 years old and BMI with an average of 31 kg.m2 entered the present meta-analysis. The results showed that the combination of exercise training and green tea caused a significant decrease in TC [WMD=-22.923 mg/dL, P=0.001], TG [WMD=-9.946 mg/dL, P=0.001], LDL [WMD=-11.675 mg/dL, P=0.001] and significant increase in HDL [WMD=8.888 mg/dL, P=0.017] in adults with overweight and obesity, compared to the control group.

The results of this meta-analysis showed that the combination of exercise training and green tea in overweight and obese adults decreases TC, TG, LDL and increases HDL. Therefore, exercise and green tea can be suggested to to adults with overweight and obesity as a non-medicinal and practical solution to improve lipid profile.

Prediabetes is an intermediate stage between normal glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by elevated blood glucose levels but not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis. Recent evidence suggests that probiotics may be promising approaches to improving this condition. This study aimed to investigate the probiotic use's effect on prediabetic individuals' metabolic indices.

In this double-blind clinical trial, prediabetic patients referred to Loghman Hakim Hospital were examined. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: one received the probiotic drug Biodiab (produced by Novagen Pharmaceutical Company - with Takgene Holding) alongside standard diabetes care, and the other received a maltodextrin placebo. After three months, patients' metabolic indices were reassessed.

The results showed a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P: 0.024) and hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C) (P: 0.01) levels in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. The probiotic group exhibited a mean reduction in fasting blood sugar of 5.50 ± 1.2 mg/dL. Additionally, the mean reduction in HBA1C in the probiotic group was 0.31±0.04%, with an absolute difference of 0.34% between the two groups (0.18 to 0.50 with CI95%). However, no significant differences were found in lipid profile, weight, or systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups.

This study indicates that probiotics may effectively manage glycemic parameters in prediabetic individuals, suggesting their potential as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate the risk of developing diabetes.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women, the main factors of which are insulin resistance and obesity. This study aimed to determine the effect of resistance training on glycemic indices and lipid profile in women with PCOS.

A systematic search of English and Farsi articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, Civilica, Scopus, Sid, and Magiran databases was conducted until April 2024. The present meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of resistance training on glycemic indices and lipid profile in PCOS. A random effect model calculated the mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test, and publication bias was evaluated by visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test.

The results of 8 studies with 159 subjects showed that resistance training caused a significant change in glucose [WMD=-1.398 mg/dl (1.720 to -4.516), P=0.379], Insulin [WMD=-1.245 mg/dl (2.570 to -0.079), P=0.065], HOMA-IR [WMD=-0.134 mg/dl (0.296 to 0.565), P=0.542], LDL [WMD=-0.476 mg/dl (0.426 to -1.377), P=0.301], HDL [WMD=-0.235 mg/dl (0.215 to -0.685), P=0.306] and TG [WMD=-0.588 mg/dl (0.457 to -1.632), P=0.270] Compared to the control group, women were not diagnosed with PCOS.

Lifestyle modification and training is a preferred treatment strategy in women with PCOS. However, collecting the results of limited resistance training studies did not positively affect the desired biochemical indicators.

 Some studies have shown that Spirulina has biological properties exerting beneficial effects on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Spirulina supplementation on serum glucose, lipid parameters, and oxidative stress markers in male rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide–induced T2DM.

 In this experimental study, rats with diabetes were divided into six groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic-metformin, diabetic-Spirulina 100 mg/dL, diabetic-Spirulina 200 mg/dL, and healthy control-Spirulina 200 mg/d. At the end of the study (28 days), the blood samples were collected, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined.

 Significant reductions (P<0.001) were found in serum level of FBG in Metformin and Spirulina 100 mg/kg compared with diabetic control group. The groups were different regarding the serum levels of HDL-C post-intervention. ANOVA analysis also showed significant differences between the Spirulina 100 mg/kg or Metformin group and diabetic control group regarding the serum level of MDA (P<0.05).

 Spirulina at a dose of 100 mg/kg may have contributed to controlling the fasting blood glucose and oxidative stress.

 The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of eight weeks of selected Pilates training on lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, blood pressure and fat percentage of women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Ahvaz city.

 In this semi-experimental study, 20 women with non-alcoholic fatty liver were randomly simple divided into two groups: Pilates training (N=10) with an average age of 42.2±8.68 years and an average weight of 79.8±4.7 kg, and control group (N=10) with an average age of 40.1±8.97 years and an average weight of 80.4±5.10 kg. The training group did Pilates training for 60 minutes three days a week for eight weeks. The control group did not participate in any sports activities. Following data collection, independent samples t-test and analysis of covariance were run and the data were analyzed using SPSS26 software at a significance level of P<0.05.

The results of this study showed that  eight weeks of selected Pilates training increased HDL levels and as well as significantly decreased the levels of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, FBS and indicators blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and body fat percentage in the Pilates training group compared to the control group (P<0.05).

 According to the results of this research Pilates training  can be used to reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL,VLDL, FBS, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and fat percentage and increase HDL levels.

Physical activity and exercise as a part of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and improving the risk of related factors such as lipid profile, have always been considered. Increasing HDL and decreasing LDL, TG and cholesterol are among the strongest factors to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Aging is a complex process of physiological and social changes that lead to various diseases. The number of elderly people in the world is increasing dramatically, and it should be noted that the rapid aging of the population represents a major public health burden. The study aimed reviewing and analyzing existing studies regarding the effectiveness of different exercise training protocols on lipid profile in elderly people.

methods & Materials: 

The present systematic review research was conducted by a comprehensive search in SID, Irandoc and Magiran databases for articles published in the last ten years. Key words "lipid profile", "aging" and "exercises" in Farsi language and the results of 18 eligible studies with 525 participants.

It seems that different sports exercises have a positive effect on the lipid profile of the elderly, regardless of the intensity and type of exercise. These factors are effective for the prevention and early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases

it is suggested to use different sports exercises to improve the lipid profile in the elderly. Also, in future researches, the effect of various exercise protocols should be investigated to identify the best and most effective protocol, and more effective protocols should be introduced.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease that has emerged as a significant public health issue in many countries and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors. Physical activity is a proven intervention for the prevention, management, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, differences remain regarding the most effective type and intensity of exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises on plasma homocysteine levels and selected cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Forty-four individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 30 to 55 years, participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: aerobic, resistance, combined, or control (11 participants in each group). Each training program was performed over 12 weeks, with three sessions per week. Blood samples were collected from all participants one day before and 48 hours after the final training session to measure dependent variables. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA, with a significance level set at p<0.05.

After 12 weeks of exercise intervention, significant reductions were observed in total cholesterol (p=0.001), low-density lipoprotein (p=0.001), and homocysteine (p=0.01) levels in the combined exercise group, while high-density lipoprotein levels increased significantly (p=0.036) in this group. Additionally, homocysteine levels in the aerobic training group (p=0.038) and total cholesterol levels in the resistance training group (p=0.028) decreased significantly. No significant changes were observed in other examined parameters.

The results of this study suggest that combined exercises, through their significant impact on homocysteine reduction, lipid profile improvement, and atherogenic index optimization, can be recommended as an effective intervention for reducing cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of circuit resistance training and synbiotic on arterial stiffness and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.

In this semi-experimental study, 43 women with type 2 diabetes participated voluntarily and were randomly divided into three groups of resistance training and placebo (15 people), resistance training and synbiotic supplement (15 people) and synbiotic supplement biotic (13 people). The resistance training program consisted of 10 min of warm-up, resistance training with an intensity of 40–65% 1RM and 10 min of cooling down, which the resistance and placebo and resistance and synbiotic groups were set for 12 w with three sessions per week. Participants in the supplement group had 1 h after a meal (lunch) and a daily dose of one capsule with 1 × 109 CFU. The T-test and repeated analysis of variance test were used to assess inter-group and intra-group differences, respectively.

Results showed that the ABI increased significantly in the groups of resistance training and placebo and resistance training and synbiotic supplement. CAVI, serum low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, body mass index and body fat percentage in groups of resistance training and placebo and resistance training and synbiotic supplement and fasting glucose level, insulin resistance index and blood cholesterol significantly decreased in the group of resistance training and synbiotic supplement. In addition, serum high-density lipoproteins increased in all the three groups.

It seems that the simultaneous use of synbiotics and resistance training includes protective effects on complications in women with type 2 diabetes.