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malnutrition

در نشریات گروه پزشکی
  • Anahi Merceda-Hernández, Ximena Márquez-Ibarra, Sandra O’Neill-Suárez, Luis Enrique Orozco-Rivera, Paola Sánchez-Corrales, José Antonio García-Castellanos, Exsal M. Albores-Méndez, Rodolfo David Mayen-Quinto, Marco A. Vargas-Hernández, Gabriela Gutierrez-Salmean*
    Background

    Hospital malnutrition remains a significant global issue. Accurate screening and diagnosis within 24 to 48 hours of admission are crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. The global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) criteria provide a standardized framework for diagnosing malnutrition, but their validation in military hospitals has been limited.

    Objectives

    To validate the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalized patients at a third-level military hospital.

    Methods

    A cross-sectional study was conducted involving hospitalized patients at Mexico City’s Central Military Hospital. The GLIM criteria were compared to the subjective global assessment (SGA). Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and concordance were assessed.

    Results

    Nutritional screening indicated that 19.5% of patients were malnourished according to the GLIM criteria, while 19.8% were identified as malnourished by the SGA. Regarding severity, 18.3% had moderate malnutrition and 1.2% had severe malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria; for the SGA, the corresponding prevalences were 18.2% and 1.5%. In terms of validation, compared to the SGA, the GLIM criteria demonstrated a sensitivity of 81.25% and a specificity of 95.37%, with moderate agreement (Kappa = 0.755).

    Conclusions

    The GLIM criteria are a reliable diagnostic tool for hospital-acquired malnutrition and should be implemented in accordance with global standardization.

    Keywords: Malnutrition, Military Hospital, Validation Studies
  • Kamiar Mahmoudifar, Nadia Homayounfar, Mitra Rezaie *

    Malnutrition, stemming from inadequate or imbalanced diets, poses significant threats to physical health, mental well-being, and overall quality of life. Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) emerge as pivotal tools to address malnutrition and deliver precise amounts of essential nutrients often lacking in individuals' diets. This review synthesized findings from numerous studies exploring the efficacy of ONS in mitigating malnutrition and enhancing nutritional status, with a particular focus on elderly populations. ONS have emerged as cost-effective interventions to reduce complications, hospital readmissions, and mortality rates associated with malnutrition across healthcare settings, including hospitals and care facilities. Moreover, the versatility of ONS formulations, ranging from liquids to powders and varying energy density and nutrient composition, ensures suitability for diverse dietary needs. The accessibility, affordability, and palatability of these foods further demonstrate their usefulness for malnutrition management. Furthermore, ONS formulations include macronutrients that are essential for cellular integrity, energy production, and overall health, including proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the significance of integrating ONS into comprehensive malnutrition management strategies. Healthcare practitioners can effectively mitigate the adverse consequences of malnutrition by harnessing the nutritional potential of ONS, thereby promoting enhanced health and well-being for individuals across the lifespan.

    Keywords: Malnutrition, Oral Nutritional Supplements, ONS, Healthcare Settings, Quality Of Life
  • Elham Kabiri Naeini, Elahe Zakizade, Milad Maghsoudi, Mohammadjavad Tarrahi, Shirin Meshkinfar, Zahra Iraj, Narges Heydari*
    Background

    This study aims to evaluate the nutritional condition of individuals  ndergoing hemodialysis (HD) in Isfahan, Iran.

    Materials and Methods

    This cross?sectional study involved 201 HD patients. The modified quantitative subjective global assessment was employed to evaluate nutritional status, along with the collection of sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical tests.

    Results

    The participants had a mean age of 60.2 ± 16.24 years, with 70 (34.83%) being female. The prevalence of malnutrition was 63.18%, with 60.2% classified as mild?moderately malnutrition and 2.98% identified as severely malnutrition. The participants had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.6 ± 5.0 (kg/m2), while 7.96% of patients had a BMI below the normal range. Compared to patients who underwent HD for <5 years, patients who had been on dialysis for >5 years demonstrated 2.5 times higher odds of malnutrition (odds ratio: 2.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–4.9). Age, mid?arm circumference, education level, and comorbid diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with malnutrition. In addition, malnourished patients showed lower levels
    of serum albumin (Alb) (P < 0.001) and serum creatinine (Cr) (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated age, dialysis duration, upper diploma educational level, lower serum Alb, and lower serum Cr may independently be associated with malnutrition
    in HD patients.

    Conclusion

    Malnutrition is prevalent among HD patients. Regular assessment of nutritional status may enhance nutritional outcomes and overall well?being in this patient population.

    Keywords: Hemodialysis, Malnutrition, Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment, Nutritional Status
  • مریم نظری، ملیحه صادقی، نگار آدینه، عاطفه اصحابی*
    سابقه و هدف

    سوءتغذیه با افزایش مدت بستری، تاخیر در بهبودی و افزایش مرگ و میر بیماران بستری منجر به افزایش هزینه های بیمارستانی می شود که در صورت انجام مداخلات به هنگام و تشخیص به موقع قابل پیشگیری است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی غربالگری تغذیه ای بیماران بالای 19 سال در هنگام پذیرش در بیمارستان کوثر سمنان انجام پذیرفت.

    مواد و روش ها

    در این مطالعه ی مقطعی، 506 نفر از بیماران بزرگسال بستری شده در 6 ماه نخست سال 1401 در بیمارستان کوثر سمنان وارد مطالعه شدند. پس از جمع آوری اطلاعات مربوط به وضعیت تغذیه ای از چک لیست ارزیابی اولیه تغذیه ای، بیماران در معرض سوء تغذیه در سه گروه کم خطر، خطر متوسط و پرخطر برای سوء تغذیه غربالگری و طبقه بندی شدند. داده ها در سطح معنی داری کم تر 05/0 تحلیل شدند.

    یافته ها:

     350 بیمار از 506 بیمار بررسی شده در هنگام پذیرش در معرض خطر سوء تغذیه بودند که 7/49 درصد مرد و 3/50 درصد زن با میانگین سنی 22/18 ± 9/60 سال بودند. شدت خطر سوء تغذیه در هنگام پذیرش در 71/33 درصد موارد کم، در 71/1 درصد موارد متوسط و در 57/64 درصد موارد بالا بود.
    به علاوه خطر سوء تغذیه در بدو پذیرش در بیماران مسن (05/0>P) و در بیماران بستری در بخش داخلی (001/0 <p) به طور معنی داری بالاتر بود. مدت بستری در بیماران با خطر بالا برای سوء تغذیه به طور معنی داری بیش تر از بیماران با خطر کم و متوسط بود (049/0=P). خطر مرگ و میر در افراد با خطر بالای سوء تغذیه افزایش می یافت (032/0=P).

    استنتاج

    سوء تغذیه در بیماران بزرگسال بستری در بیمارستان شایع بود و باعث افزایش طول مدت بستری در بیمارستان و مرگ و میر شد. بنابراین، ارزیابی وضعیت تغذیه بیماران در مراحل اولیه بستری و درمان، تغذیه مناسب برای کاهش پیامدهای آن بر بیماران و سیستم مراقبت بهداشتی، ضروری است.

    کلید واژگان: غربالگری تغذیه ای، سوء تغذیه، بیماران بستری
    Maryam Nazari, Malihe Sadeghi, Negar Adineh, Atefeh Ashabi*
    Background and purpose

    Malnutrition is associated with prolonged hospitalization, delayed recovery, increased mortality among hospitalized patients, and elevated hospital costs. These outcomes can be mitigated through appropriate diagnosis and timely interventions. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of patients aged over 19 years upon admission to Kosar Semnan Hospital.

    Materials and methods

    In this cross-sectional study, 506 adult patients hospitalized during the first six months of 2022 at Kosar Semnan Hospital were included. After collecting demographic data and nutritional status information using a nutritional status assessment checklist, patients were screened and classified into three groups: low risk, moderate risk, and high risk for malnutrition based on predefined criteria. The data were analyzed using a significance level of P< 0.05.

    Results

    Of the 506 patients examined, 350 (69.2%) were at risk of malnutrition upon admission. Among the participants, 49.4% were men and 50.6% were women, with a mean age of 60.9 ± 18.22 years. The risk of malnutrition at admission was low in 33.7%, moderate in 1.7%, and high in 64.9% of cases. The risk of malnutrition at admission was significantly higher among elderly patients (P<0.05) and among those hospitalized in the internal medicine ward (P<0.001). The length of hospitalization was significantly longer in patients with a high risk of malnutrition compared to those at low or moderate risk (P=0.049). In addition, the risk of mortality was significantly higher in patients classified as high risk for malnutrition (P= 0.032).

    Conclusion

    Malnutrition was highly prevalent among hospitalized adult patients and was associated with prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality rates. Therefore, early assessment of patients' nutritional status during hospitalization, along with the implementation of appropriate nutritional interventions, is crucial to minimizing its impact on both patient outcomes and the healthcare system.

    Keywords: Nutrition Screening, Malnutrition, Inpatients
  • شیروان رستگار، مهدی تیموری*، سحر سادات لاله زار، افسانه بابامیر، آریا حاتمی
    مقدمه

    سوءتغذیه یک مشکل دست کم گرفته شده در جمعیت بستری در بیمارستان های عمومی است. اگرچه اکثر پزشکان از خطر سوءتغذیه آگاه هستند اما نیمی از بیماران مبتلا به سوء تغذیه در طول اقامت در بیمارستان شناسایی نمی شوند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان شیوع سوء تغذیه در بیماران ترومای ارتوپدی ناشی از حوادث ترافیکی انجام شد.

    روش اجرا: 

    تعداد 60 بیمار به روش تصادفی ساده از بین بیماران ترومای ارتوپدی ناشی از حوادث ترافیکی انتخاب شدند. متغیرهای مورد نیاز از جمله سن، جنس، قد، وزن، سطح آلبومین، تعداد لنفوسیت و گلبول های سفید از طریق پرسش از بیمار و یا از پرونده بیمار استخراج و ثبت شد. علاوه بر آن، با استفاده از فرم ترجمه شده پرسشنامه SGA (Subjective global assessment - Diagnosing Malnutrition)، سوء تغذیه بیماران مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.

    نتایج

    از 60 بیمار بستری شده، 17 نفر (3/28%) دارای وضعیت تغذیه مناسب ارزیابی شدند. این در حالی است که 43 نفر (6/71%) از بیماران دچار سوء تغذیه خفیف تا شدید طبقه بندی شدند. همچنین وضعیت تغذیه بیماران بین زنان و مردان از نظر آماری تفاوت معناداری نداشت (838/0 p-value=). در این مطالعه 7/26 درصد از بیماران دارای سوء تغذیه خفیف تا متوسط (فاصله اطمینان 95% محدوده 15 تا 3/38) و 45 درصد از بیماران دچار سوء تغذیه شدید (فاصله اطمینان 95% محدوده 7/31 تا 7/56) بودند. آلبومین از نظر آماری با سوء تغذیه رابطه معناداری داشت (0004/0p-value=).

    نتیجه گیری

    برای بهبود پیامدهای درمان و کاهش هزینه های بستری، غربالگری تغذیه ای و شناسایی افراد نیازمند درمان تغذیه ای، به ویژه در بیماران ترومایی شدید، توصیه می شود.

    کلید واژگان: سوء تغذیه، ضربه، ارتوپدی، حوادث ترافیکی
    Shirvan Rastegar, Mehdi Teimouri *, Sahar Sadat Lalehzar, Afsaneh Babamir, Aria Hatami
    Introduction

    Malnutrition is an underestimated problem in the general hospitalized population. Although most physicians are aware of the risk of malnutrition, half of malnourished patients are not identified during their hospitalization. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in traffic injured trauma patients referred to Kashani Hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

    Methods

    Sixty patients were selected by simple random sampling from injured trauma patients. Required variables such as age, sex, height, weight, albumin, lymphocytes were extracted and recorded by asking the patient or the patient's file. In addition, malnutrition of patients was assessed using SGA (Subjective global assessment - Diagnosing Malnutrition) questionnaire.

    Results

    About 28% of traumatic patients admitted to Kashani Hospital were assessed as having proper nutritional status. However, about 72% of patients with mild to severe malnutrition were classified. Also, the nutritional status of patients was not significantly different between men and women (P-value = 0.838).

    Discussion

    In this study, 26.7% of patients (95% CI: 15.0-38.3) had mild to moderate malnutrition and 45% of patients (95% CI: 31.7-56.7) had severe malnutrition. Serum albumin was statistically significantly associated with malnutrition (P-value, 0.004).

    Conclusion

    To improve treatment outcomes and reduce hospitalization costs, nutritional screening and identification of patients in need of nutritional therapy, especially in patients with severe trauma, is emphasized.

    Keywords: Malnutrition, Trauma, Orthopedics
  • Sahar Golabi, Asma Varmaghani, Seyed Mohammad Mohammadi, Hosein Karimiyarandi, Mahshid Naghashpour*
    Background and Objectives

    Knee osteoarthritis is a musculoskeletal disorder. In this case-control study, associations of knee osteoarthritis outcomes with nutritional status were assessed in patients with knee osteoarthritis and non-knee osteoarthritis participants.

    Materials and Methods

    Mini-nutritional assessment questionnaire was used to assess the nutritional status. Osteoarthritis outcome score-patellofemoral questionnaire was used to assess the pain, stiffness and quality of life score associated with knee osteoarthritis.

    Results

    Patients with knee osteoarthritis showed higher malnutrition index scores (P = 0.001) and malnutrition rates (10% against 2%, P = 0.003) than those non-knee osteoarthritis participants did. In knee osteoarthritis patients, a significant positive association was detected between the scores of the malnutrition index and the quality of life subscale (P = 0.036; r = 0.297; CI: 0.045, 0.549). Patients with normal nutritional status were at lower risks of knee osteoarthritis than those malnourished participants were after adjusting for age, sex and body mass index (P = 0.019).

    Conclusions

    Regarding increasing prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and malnutrition, especially in the elderly population, a preventive assessment for knee osteoarthritis includes further attentions to the nutritional status of this population.

    Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis, Malnutrition, Body Mass Index, Knee Joint, Nutritional Status
  • Jumoke Ilo*, Olariike Kayode, Taiwo Jacob, Boluwatife Oduntan, Rukayat Lawal
    Background & Aims

    Malnutrition remains one of the most pressing public health challenges in Africa, disproportionately affecting women and children. This dual burden of malnutrition, undernutrition, characterized by stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies, alongside overnutrition and its associated non-communicable diseases, compromises health and economic stability, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, malnutrition contributes to over 33% of under-five deaths annually, with stunting rates exceeding 50% in northern geopolitical zones.

    Materials & Methods

    This study utilizes a narrative review approach to explore the underlying causes of malnutrition, including food insecurity, climate change, health challenges, poverty, and cultural practices, while also assessing intervention strategies.

    Results

    Nearly 45% of Nigeria’s population experiences food insecurity, with rural communities disproportionately affected. Economic instability, conflicts, and environmental challenges in many parts of Nigeria further perpetuate cycles of poverty and food insecurity. Findings underscore the urgent need for climate-responsive policies, integrated disease prevention, and maternal education to mitigate the multifaceted impact of malnutrition. The study advocates for localized approaches to achieve long-term nutritional resilience.

    Conclusion

    Malnutrition in Nigeria is a complex, multidimensional issue requiring urgent attention. Sustainable solutions must be driven by local resources, knowledge, and innovation.

    Keywords: Community-Based Nutrition Interventions, Food Security, Malnutrition, Nutrition Interventions, Nutrition Policy
  • فائزه صادقی، قنبر روحی*، حمیده منچری، ناصر بهنام پور، محبوبه بروجردی
    مقدمه

    سالمندی با تغییرات جسمانی، اجتماعی و روانی همراه است و احساس تنهایی یکی از ویژگی های دوران سالمندی است که می تواند باعث اختلال در تغذیه سالمند شود، این پژوهش با هدف ارتباط انزوای اجتماعی با خطر سوءتغذیه در سالمندان تحت پوشش مراکز جامع سلامت شهر گرگان در سال 1402-1401انجام شد.

    روش کار

     این مطالعه مقطعی با رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی در سال 1402- 1401 انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش، سالمندان تحت پوشش مراکز جامع سلامت شهر گرگان بودند که به  روش تصادفی ساده بدون جایگذاری به تعداد 120 نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده ها از پرسشنامه های انزوای اجتماعی (لوبن) و سوء تغذیه (MNA) استفاده شد. جهت تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 20 و آزمونهای کای - دو ، دقیق فیشرو پیرسون در سطح اطمینان 95% استفاده شد.

    یافته ها

    نتایج  نشان داد که میزان انزوای اجتماعی سالمندان 9/4 درصد و میزان سوء تغذیه در سالمندان 9/12 درصد و در معرض خطر سوء تغذیه 5/21 درصد می باشد. بین سوء تغذیه و انزوای اجتماعی سالمندان تفاوت معنا داری یافت نشد (381/0=P)، بین متغیر های جمعیت شناختی (جنسیت، میزان تحصیلات، تاهل، قومیت، بیماری، شغل، بیماری) با انزوای اجتماعی و سوء تغذیه ارتباط معنا داری وجود نداشت (05/0 >p).

    نتیجه گیری

    اگر چه نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که بین انزوای اجتماعی و سوء تغذیه در سالمندان  ارتباط معنی داری وجود ندارد اما  نسبت قابل توجهی از سالمندان دچار سوء تغذیه بودند و از آن جایی که تغذیه عامل مهمی برای برخورداری از زندگی با کیفیت می باشد به نظر می رسد توجه برنامه ریزان حوزه سالمندی به این موضوع می تواند موجب ارتقاء زندگی سالمندان گردد.

    کلید واژگان: سوء تغذیه، انزوای اجتماعی، سالمندی
    Faezeh Sadeghi, Ghanber Roohi*, Hamideh Mancheri, Naser Behnampoor, Mahbobeh Brojerdi
    Introduction

    Aging is associated with physical, social and psychological changes, and the feeling of loneliness is one of the characteristics of the old age that can cause disturbances in the nutrition of the elderly. This research aims to relate social isolation with the risk of malnutrition in the elderly under the comprehensive health centers of Gorgan It was done in 1401-1402.

    Methodology

    This cross-sectional study was conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach in 1402-1401. The research population was the elderly covered by comprehensive health centers in Gorgan city, who were selected by simple random method without placement in the number of 120 samples. To collect data, social isolation (Luben) and malnutrition (MNA) questionnaires were used. SPSS version 20 software and Fisher-Pearson's exact chi-square tests at 95% confidence level were used for data analysis.

    Findings

    The results showed that the rate of social isolation of the elderly is 4.9% and the rate of malnutrition in the elderly is 12.9% and 21.5% are at risk of malnutrition. No significant difference was found between malnutrition and social isolation of the elderly (P=0.381), there was no significant relationship between demographic variables (gender, level of education, marriage, ethnicity, illness, occupation, illness) with social isolation and malnutrition. (P>0.05).

    Conclusion

    Although the results of this study showed that there is no significant relationship between social isolation and malnutrition in the elderly, a significant proportion of the elderly were malnourished, and since nutrition is an important factor for enjoying a quality life. It seems that the attention of the planners in the field of aging can improve the life of the elderly.

    Keywords: Malnutrition, Social Isolation, Old Age
  • ناصر بهنام پور، زهرا رشیدیان، فرهاد لشکربلوکی، حمیده صادق زاده، مهناز شیخی، محمدرضا هنرور*
    زمینه و هدف

    سوءتغذیه یکی از عوامل موثر بر تاخیر در بهبود یا شکست درمان سل است. یکی از راه های حمایت تغذیه ای ارائه سبد غذایی به بیماران مسلول در حین درمان سل است. این مطالعه به منظور تعیین اثر حمایت غذایی در نتایج درمان بیماران مبتلا به سل در استان گلستان انجام شد.

    روش بررسی

    این مطالعه مشاهده ای با رویکرد توصیفی - تحلیلی با حمایت دفتر بهبود تغذیه وزارت بهداشت به صورت طولی و در دو گروه موازی در استان گلستان طی سال 1396 اجرا شد. گروه اول شامل 129 بیمار مبتلا به سل تحت درمان بودند که دو سبد حمایتی غذایی دریافت کرده و دوره درمان را تکمیل کرده بودند. گروه دوم شامل 399 بیمار مسلول فاقد دریافت سبدحمایتی غذایی بودند. نتایج شامل مرگ، غیبت از درمان، شکست درمان و بهبودی برای هر دو گروه از بیماران توسط سیستم بهداشتی پیگیری و اطلاعات مورد نیاز در پرونده بیماران ثبت و مقایسه شد.

    یافته ها

    در طی 8 ماه پیگیری از ماه دوم درمان، افزایش میانگین وزن بیماران دریافت کننده سبد حمایتی غذایی از نظر آماری معنی دار بود (P<0.05). بهبودی در بیماران دریافت کننده سبدحمایتی غذایی 94.6% و در بیماران با عدم دریافت سبدحمایتی غذایی 88.7% تعیین شد (P<0.05). خطر نسبی عدم بهبودی در گروه عدم دریافت سبد غذایی 2.078 برابر گروه دریافت کننده سبدحمایتی غذایی بود (95% CI: 0.961-4.494).

    نتیجه گیری

    دریافت سبد حمایتی تغذیه ای در اثربخشی درمان بیماران مبتلا به سل در استان گلستان موثر است.

    کلید واژگان: سل، سوء تغذیه، نمایه توده بدنی، حمایت تغذیه ای
    Naser Behnampour, Zahra Rashidian, Farhad Lashkarblouki, Hamideh Sadeghzadeh, Mahnaz Sheikhi, Mohammad Reza Honarvar*
    Background and Objective

    Malnutrition is a significant factor contributing to delays in recovery or failure of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. One nutritional support strategy involves providing food baskets to TB patients during their treatment course. This study was conducted in Golestan Province to determine the effect of food support on the treatment outcomes of TB patients.

    Methods

    This descriptive-analytical observational study, supported by the Community Nutrition Improvement Office of the Ministry of Health, was conducted longitudinally in two parallel groups in Golestan Province, during 2017. The first group consisted of 129 TB patients under treatment who had received two supportive food baskets and had completed their treatment course. The second group comprised 399 TB patients who did not receive any supportive food baskets. The outcomes, including mortality, treatment non-adherence, treatment failure, and recovery, were tracked for both patient groups by the healthcare system, and the necessary information was recorded in the patients’ records and compared.

    Results

    During an 8-month follow-up period, commencing from the second month of treatment, the increase in the mean weight of patients receiving the supportive food basket was statistically significant (P<0.05). Recovery rates in patients receiving the supportive food basket were determined to be 94.6%, while in patients not receiving the supportive food basket, it was 88.7% (P<0.05). The relative risk of non-recovery in the group not receiving the supportive food basket was 2.078 times that of the group receiving the supportive food basket (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.961-4.494).

    Conclusion

    Receiving a supportive food basket is effective in the treatment of TB patients in Golestan Province.

    Keywords: Tuberculosis, Malnutrition, Body Mass Index, Nutritional Support
  • Bizuayehu Gashaw, Endalew Yizengaw*, Fasikaw Nigatie, Endalkachew Nibret
    Background

    Leishmania aethiopica is the leading cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia. Different clinical manifestations might be related to host immunity, which itself can be influenced by the host's nutritional status. However, there is limited evidence that associates nutritional status with CL in Ethiopia. We investigated the relationship between clinical variables of CL and malnutrition.

    Methods

    A retrospective study was conducted in June 2024. Patient data was analyzed from those treated for CL and screened for nutrition from January 2022 to May 2024 at Tefera Hailu and Addis Zemen Primary Hospitals. Nutritional status was assessed through Anthropometric measurements.

    Results

      A total of 470 CL patients were treated, with a prevalence of 14.65/100, 000 population affected.  Out of the total CL patients, 217 were assessed for nutrition, 22% were malnourished. Malnutrition was most prevalent in mucosal (30%) and recurrent cases (38.5%), compared to localized (20%) and new cases (21%) respectively.

    Conclusions

      Malnutrition might have the potential to shape the clinical manifestation and treatment outcome in CL patients. In CL endemic areas nutritional supplement with the treatment of CL could require for better patient outcome.

    Keywords: Cutaneousleishmaniasis, Malnutrition, Ethiopia
  • Darmawan Setijanto, Abdullah Hemadi, Iwan Dewanto, Melissa Adiatman, Kartika Wulan, Valendriyani Ningrum, Armelia Widyarman, Tince Jovina, Naneu Arfani, Indra Dharmawan, Sri Nuraini, Ammara Mahrunisa, Marvin Hidayat
    Background

    Stunting has a negative impact on the growth and development of children, which include their susceptibility to dental caries. Caries in primary teeth have been consistently related to malnutrition. Having a history of severe caries was connected with slower childhood growth. We aimed to explain the updated trend of association between stunting and dental caries among all age groups.

    Methods

    A review was done using PRISMA. PubMed and Science Direct was used as database from Jan 2022 to Jan 2023. Studies obtained using specific keywords was 1.748 then filtered. All of the studies that were obtained using specific keywords about stunting and DMFT and or PUFA index. There is no limited year in this systematic search. Endnote software was used to help with the inclusion process; data was extracted into a table that had been prepared.

    Results

    There were 10 included studies in this systematic review. Eight studies that reported higher dental caries in stunting children than the normal children. Two studies showed a connection between developing stunting malnutrition and severe dental caries. Early childhood caries may increase vulnerability to dental caries by causing odontogenesis to fail, delayed tooth eruption and changes in the salivary glands. Children's ability to eat and sleep may be negatively impacted by untreated caries pain. It might result in decreased nutrient intake and poor appetite, while sleep disturbances might prevent growth hormones from being secreted.

    Conclusion

    There was a correlation between dental caries and growth stunting because of a decrease in the composition of saliva and defects in tooth formation in children suffered stunting. Thus, there were oral functional limitations and a decrease in food intake since severe dental caries.

    Keywords: Dental Caries, Children, Malnutrition, Medicine, Stunting
  • Nutritional Status among Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Geriatric Home: A Comparative Study
    Niazy SM*, Al-Eqabi QAK, Radhi MM, AL-Thabhawee GDM
    Background

    Malnutrition among older adults is a significant public health issue, with geriatric individuals often at higher risk. This study aimed to compare the nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults and those residing in geriatric homes.

    Methods

    A comparative cross-sectional study conducted in Babil Provinces/ Iraq included 200 participants (100 community-dwelling and 100 geriatric home residents) elderly 60 years or older. Nutritional status is assessed through the use of the Mini Nutritional Assessment device, along with demographic and anthropometric facts. Data have been analyzed through the usage of SPSS version 25, with independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to identify predictors of malnutrition.

    Results

    Significant differences had been observed between the two groups. Community-dwelling older adults had better nutritional status, with 60% categorized as having normal nutrients as compared to 30% in geriatric homes (p<0.001). Geriatric homes residents exhibited better costs of malnutrition (20% vs. 10%, p=0.047), lower BMI (22.8 ±3.5 vs. 24.6 ± 3.1, p=0.018), and decreased meal frequency (2.4 ±0.6 vs. 3.1±0.5 meals/day, p<0.001). Logistic regression diagnosed living in geriatric homes, low BMI, recent weight reduction, and occasional meal frequency as extensive predictors of malnutrition.

    Conclusion

    Geriatric home individuals are at better hazard of malnutrition in comparison to community-dwelling older adults. Targeted interventions, consisting of personalized meal plans, ordinary nutritional screenings, and mobility guide packages, are endorsed to address these disparities.

    Keywords: Nutritional Status, Geriatric Homes, Community-Dwelling, Malnutrition, Mini Nutritional Assessment
  • Ali Chamani, Mohsen Nematy, Faezeh Mashhadi, Mohammad Safarian, Majid Sezavar, Maryam Emadzadeh, Gholamreza Khademi, Fatemeh Roudi *
    Background
    Sepsis is a potentially fatal condition resulting from an infection and is recognized as a critical global health concern. Among children, sepsis causes many deaths and affects one-third of those in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). Malnutrition in children, especially those in PICUs, increases susceptibility to sepsis. Critically ill children, especially those with sepsis, are at increased risk of malnutrition. Knowing the nutritional status at the start of hospitalization and patient management, planning and decision-making is particularly important.
    Methods
    A Cross-sectional study conducted at Akbar Children's Hospital in Mashhad involved 54 children aged one month to 10 years with sepsis. Anthropometric measurements, including weight, height/length, BMI, and Z-scores were evaluated/calculated. Malnutrition was diagnosed using the weight-for-height Z score; a Z-score of -2 or lower was used to indicate moderate or severe malnutrition. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 22.0, with a significance level considered at P-values less than 0.05.
    Results
    The study included 54 septic patients in PICU, including 53.7% girls and 46.3% boys. The mean age was 37 months, and mean body weight and height were 13.62 kg, and 88.85 cm, respectively. Malnutrition was found in 18.5% of the studied patients as moderate and 13% as severe grades, while 68.5% had a normal nutritional status.
    Conclusion
    Malnutrition is prevalent among critically ill septic patients, indicating a crucial need for prompt intervention. Regular nutritional assessments and early, intensified nutritional support considering evidence-based local protocols, are essential for ensuring adequate energy and nutrients, potentially leading to improved outcomes for these vulnerable patients.
    Keywords: Sepsis, Children, Malnutrition, Inflammation, PICU
  • Shirin Hasanizadeh, Hadis Varaee*, Fatemeh Mirjalili, Azadeh Najarzadeh, Masoud Mirzaei
    Background

    Previous studies indicated the risk factors for COVID-19. Malnutrition is one of the main causes of immune system failure. This study aims to investigate the effect of nutritional status on the outcomes of COVID-19 in participants of Yazd Health Study (YaHS).

    Methods

    279 people who had taken a blood test before contracting COVID-19 were included in this study in 2022. Data of PO2 level, rate of hospitalization, "supplementation with oxygen" rate, BUN, and creatinine were extracted. Malnutrition status was evaluated using hemoglobin levels and body mass index (BMI). The authors applied analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t-test to show differences between levels of BMI and hemoglobin. All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 22.0 software.

    Results

    The results showed a significant difference between hemoglobin levels and different BMI levels (P = 0.03). However, there was no significant relationship between different BMI levels and BUN (P = 0.34), creatinine (P = 0.42), BUN/Cr (P = 0.14), PO2 (P = 0.34), supplementation with oxygen (P = 0.26), and hospitalization rates (P = 0.97). The results according to the normal and abnormal hemoglobin levels were not significant.

    Conclusion

    According to the criteria used in this study to assess nutritional status (BMI and hemoglobin levels), there was no significant relationship between nutritional status (different levels of BMI and hemoglobin) and COVID-19 outcomes, including hospitalization rate, “supplementation with oxygen” rate, and low PO2 levels. Further studies in different countries using other nutritional status assessment tools are needed to confirm these findings.

    Keywords: Malnutrition, COVID-19, Hemoglobins, Nutritional Sciences, Nutritional Status
  • Jaimini Sarkar, Chiradeep Sarkar*
    Background

    In India, 26 million children are born every year. These children (0-6 years) comprise 13% of the country’s population. Undernutrition is a fallout of malnutrition, malabsorption, and nutritional imbalance which causes a problem of being underweight in children. It can affect a child’s brain development and other developmental milestones. This study is designed to understand the role of Anganwadi Centers (AWCs) (community day-care centres) and women’s access to internet in reducing the undernutrition in children. 

    Methods

    It was a retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted during 2023-2024. The study population consisted of 724,115 Indian women in the age group of 15-49 years. We used anonymized, publicly available secondary data from the India National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). The NFHS5 survey was carried out from the year 2019 to 2021. Information on various parameters was collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Statistical analysis including Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, simple linear regression and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out for independent variables including percent of operational AWCs and percent of women with internet access, and dependent variable (percent of underweight children per state). Statistical analysis of the data has been done by social science statistics tools. The significance level of 0.05 was considered for analysis.

    Results

    The states or union territories (UTs) with lower number of AWCs had a higher percentage of women with Internet access as compared to UTs with more AWCs. Multiple linear regression for independent variables (operational AWCs, and women with internet access), and dependent variable (underweight children per state) was developed. It was shown that β0=37.1607; β1 (AWCs)=0.5659; and β2 (internet access)=-0.2907 and R squared value as 0.5709. This shows that independent variables have a significant influence on the number of underweight children in the state. Results of the Pearson correlation indicated that there is a significant large negative relationship between women’s access to Internet and the percentage of underweight children in the state, (r (34)=-0.733, P<0.001), meaning that with an increase in internet access for women the percentage of underweight children decreases.

    Conclusion

    The study clearly shows that when compared, community daycare centers (AWCs) have a limited role in the child’s nutrition, but women’s Internet access can be a determinant of the child’s nutrition. Women’s access to the Internet can help reduce the number of underweight children under five and improve overall maternal and child health as well as public health.

    Keywords: Internet Access, India, Malnutrition, Under-Five Children, Population, Community Day-Care Centers
  • Mahsa Baghbani, Golnaz Majdizadeh, Zahra Mirali, Shahrzad Ossareh, Ariyo Movahedi*
    Background and Objectives

    Cardiovascular diseases are the most important causes of death in patients with chronic kidney failure, including hemodialysis patients. Inflammation is one of the major causes of increased malnutrition. An increase in the concentration of vascular inflammation factors in the blood such as the concentration of serum C-reactive protein is a strong predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. In this study, the relationship between the inflammatory degree of malnutrition and protein quality with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in hemodialysis patients was assessed.

    Materials and Methods

    This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 hemodialysis patients aged 20–80 y (57.43 ±15.58) in Tehran, Iran, using simple random sampling. General characteristics and anthropometric indices were recorded. Malnutrition-inflammation was assessed using questionnaires and food intake was investigated using  24-h recalls.

    Results

    Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were not significantly different between groups with heart diseases (P<0.05). No significant correlation was observed between the indicators of malnutrition-inflammation and suffering from heart diseases in hemodialysis patients (P<0.05). No significant relationship was reported between the quality index of dietary proteins and heart diseases (P<0.05).

    Conclusions

    No significant relationship was detected between the inflammatory degrees of malnutrition and protein quality and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are highly suggested.

    Keywords: Malnutrition, Cardiovascular Disease, Hemodialysis
  • Sunday Olakunle Olarewaju, Ijeoma Faustina Komolafe, John Faniyi Akinwale, Adewale Allen Sokan-Adeaga
    Background

    Malnutrition affects school-age children's health, growth, and academic performance. Adolescents often consume unhealthy fast foods and follow crash diets influenced by peers, media, and cultural norms. Adolescents with disabilities, including physical, intellectual, sensory, developmental, and mental health disabilities, may face additional challenges in accessing and maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet as they may face additional barriers. Understanding the unique needs and challenges faced by adolescents with disabilities is crucial in promoting their overall health and well-being.

    Objectives

    The study aimed to compare the nutritional status of able and disabled adolescents in Government Vocational and Technical College and Niger State School of Special Education in Minna, as well as their food preferences, eating practices, and the factors affecting their nutritional status.

    Methods

    The study used a cross-sectional design, administering 400 questionnaires to disabled and able students. The responses were 100% collected using self-administered structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed, and results were presented utilizing tables and figures, with a statistical significance level set at P < 0.05. The IBM statistical product and service solutions (IBM SPSS statistics), version 27.0 software was employed for data analysis to explore and understand the food preferences, eating practices, and nutritional status of in-school adolescents with disabilities in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. This approach allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the diverse factors influencing the dietary habits and nutritional well-being of adolescents with disabilities in the study.

    Results

    The study involved 400 participants, with 12.8% aged over 12 years, 50.3% aged 12 - 15 years, and 37.0% above 15 years. Females made up 51.0% of the participants. About 40% of disabled participants had inadequate dietary patterns, compared to 10% of able participants. There was a significant difference in the distribution of BMI groups between the able and disabled subjects (x 2 = 26.984, df = 3, P = 0.000). Socio-demographic of the participants based on age and gender showed a significant association with the nutritional status of able adolescents at (χ 2 = 44.593, P = 0.000) and (χ 2 = 4.650, P = 0.031) respectively and among disabled at (χ 2 = 18.303, P = 0.000) and (χ 2 = 23.925, P = 0.000) respectively.

    Conclusions

    The study revealed disabled adolescents often skip meals, consume fast foods, and have poor dietary habits. Interventions like education and increased access to healthy food options are needed.

    Keywords: Body Mass Index, Nutritional Status, Disabled Adolescents, Able Adolescent, Dietary Habits, Obesity, Malnutrition
  • علی قاسمی فرد، آناهیتا آرین، فاطمه حسین‎ زاده چهکندک، سید محمد ریاحی، رسول سلیمانی مقدم*
    زمینه

    با توجه به شرایط بیماران همودیالیزی، وجود مشکلات تغذیه ای در این بیماران می تواند بر کیفیت زندگی و مرگ و میر آن ها تاثیر بگذارد. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی شیوع سوء تغذیه در بیماران تحت همودیالیز بیرجند انجام گردید.

    مواد و روش ها

    در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی که در سال 1401، بر روی 115 نفر از بیماران تحت همودیالیز شهر بیرجند، که به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند، انجام گردید. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات در این مطالعه شامل پرسشنامه اطلاعات دموگرافیک، پرسشنامه سوء تغذیه- دیالیز (SGA-DMS) بود و مقادیر آنتروپومتریک و بیوشیمیایی بیماران تعیین و ارتباط آن با وضعیت تغذیه سنجیده شد.

    یافته ها

    80 بیمار ( 69/6 درصد) وضعیت تغذیه ای طبیعی و 35 بیمار (30/4 درصد) سوء تغذیه خفیف تا متوسط داشتند. میزان BUN، سطح آلبومین، CRP، قبل از همودیالیز در بیمارانی که تغذیه طبیعی داشتند از بیماران با سوء تغذیه خفیف تا متوسط بیش تر بود و میزان کلسترول در بیمارانی که تغذیه طبیعی داشتند کم تر بود، در حالی که بیماران با سوء تغذیه خفیف تا متوسط کراتینین قبل و بعد، BUN بعد از همودیالیز کمتری نسبت به بیماران با تغذیه طبیعی داشتند.

    نتیجه گیری

    اگرچه در این مطالعه شیوع سوء تغذیه نسبت به برخی مطالعات انجام شده، کمتر مشاهده شد؛ ولی شیوع بالای سوء تغذیه، لزوم بررسی های منظم و مداخلات تغذیه ای توسط متخصصان تغذیه را در این بیماران کاملا آشکار می کند.

    کلید واژگان: همودیالیز، سوء تغذیه، بیماری مزمن کلیه، مرحله نهایی بیماری کلیوی، ارزیابی ذهنی جهانی، ارزیابی تغذیه
    Ali Ghasemifard, Anahita Arian, Fatemeh Hoseinzadeh-Chahkandak, Seyed Mahmad Riahi, Rasol Soleimani Moghaddam*
    Background

    Given the medical conditions of hemodialysis patients, nutritional problems in these patients can impact their quality of life and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients in Birjand.

    Materials and Methods

    The study was conducted in 2022 using a descriptive-analytical approach. A total of 115 hemodialysis patients from Birjand were recruited via purposive sampling. A demographic characteristics form, as well as the Subjective Global Assessment-Dialysis Malnutrition Score (SGA-DMS), were used to collect data in this study. Additionally, the patients’ anthropometric and biochemical measurements were made, and their connection to nutritional status was established.

    Results

    Overall, 80 (69.6%) of the patients had normal nutritional status, while 35 (30.4%) had mild to moderate malnutrition. Patients with normal nutrition had higher levels of BUN, albumin, and CRP prior to hemodialysis than those with mild to moderate malnutrition. Moreover, in the patients with normal nutrition, the cholesterol level was lower. Patients with mild to moderate malnutrition exhibited lower levels of creatinine before and after hemodialysis and lower BUN after hemodialysis compared to the patients with normal nutrition.

    Conclusion

    The study indicates a lower prevalence of malnutrition compared to some other studies. However, the high prevalence of malnutrition underscores the importance of routine assessments and nutritional interventions by nutritionists for these patients.

    Keywords: Hemodialysis, Malnutrition, Chronic Kidney Disease, End-Stage Renal Disease, Subjective Global Assessment, Nutrition Assessment
  • Doppalapudi Radhika, Arvind Muthukrishnan, Rakhi Issrani*

    Head and neck cancer patients are more at high risk for malnutrition before, during, and after the cancer treatment procedures due to the proximity of key anatomical structures that are essential for mastication and deglutition. A multidisciplinary approach beginning with preliminary nutritional screening, comprehensive assessment, and nutritional supportive care is mandatory for all head and neck cancer patients. Such interventions not only improve quality of life but also increase the survival rate of the head and neck cancer patients. This updated narrative review focused on the recent updates of the various steps involved in the nutritional management of head and neck cancer patients, like pre-treatment nutritional care, screening and assessment, and nutritional interventions during and after cancer therapy with updates on nanoformulations of nutraceuticals. We reviewed all published literature between 2014 and 2024 about nutrition in head and neck cancer patients from major databases such as Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed. In addition to the nutritional parameters that should be considered during the nutritional assessment of patients with head and neck cancer, this review underscores the therapeutic efficacy of nutraceuticals in treating this disease. This narrative review added a note on recent updates on the use of a combination of novel nanoformulated nutraceuticals with chemotherapeutic agents, which were known for the improved drug delivery, such as targeting the neoplastic cells and thus preventing adverse effects.

    Keywords: Cancer, Immunonutrition, Malnutrition, Nutritional Support, Nano Formulations, Nutraceuticals
  • Atena Jamalzehi*, Hadi Eslahi, Somayeh Mokhtari, Abbasali Moein, Zinat Mortazavi

    Malnutrition and improper nutrition may lead to physical and mental growth disorder and cognitive function. This study aims to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and its relationship with educational status among primary school children in Zahedan, Iran.

    Methods

    During a cross-sectional study with a multi-stage random sampling method of 780 boy and girl students, first, second, and third grades of elementary school were included to study. Demographic and anthropometric of students were collected based on the sample size. Malnutrition was assessed according to World Health Organization indicators for the relevant age group. This assessment was based on body mass index (BMI) for age, height for age, and weight for age.

    Results

    The prevalence of malnutrition was severe wasting, wasting, overweight, and obesity which were 0.8, 4.6, 6.4, and 5%, and severe underweight and underweight which were 0.9 and 4.7%, respectively. Severe stunting and stunting were observed in 0.3 and 2.8%, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was found between BMI for age, height for age and weight for age and educational status (P<0.05). Moreover, the educational status of students showed a statistically significant relationship with first and second-grade gender, birth rank, and Parent’s  job and education (P<0.0001).

    Conclusion

    Different forms of malnutrition among the students can negatively affect their performance, especially their educational status. Therefore, proper nutrition and increasing nutritional knowledge of primary school children and parents may help to prevent the problem

    Keywords: Malnutrition, Anthropometry, Education, Elementary Students
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