جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "mri" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Recent advancements in imaging technologies have significantly improved the diagnosis and management of hip disorders, particularly in older adults. Accurate diagnosis remains challenging due to the complex nature of hip pain, often involving referred pain from other regions. While conventional imaging methods, such as x-ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continue to be essential, innovations, such as three-dimensional (3D) imaging, dynamic imaging, low-dose systems, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis are transforming the field. AI, particularly deep learning, enhances diagnostic precision, in detecting non-displaced hip fractures. Additionally, molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and PET/MRI offer valuable insights into metabolic changes, while nanotechnology aids in early detection. Despite these advancements, challenges, such as accessibility, cost, and clinical integration persist. This review highlights these innovations and their potential to shape future hip disorder diagnostics.

Breast cancer (BC) is a common type of malignancy in females in Iraq. This study investigated BC's clinical and diagnostic features in 30 women and displayed its relationship with periodontal disease.

This cross-sectional study comprised 30 BC patients diagnosed in 2023. The clinical signs, ultrasound, biopsy, histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, treatment modules, and clinical signs of periodontal disease were reported and analysed.

The mean and standard deviation of patients’ age was 51.73± 11.41. The location of Breast Cancer lesions was on the left and right sides in 11 (36.66%) and 19 (63.33%) patients, respectively. All patients showed various sizes of non-painful lumps with well-defined masses in different areas of the breast tissue with regular or irregular borders in ultrasound and MRI. The gross and histopathological changes of cancerous tumors differed according to conditions, stage, and interaction with the cancer receptors in Immunohistochemistry. The percentage of metastases was 100% (in 30 cases) for the lymph nodes and 66.66% (in 20 cases) for the rest of the other organs. Different treatment modules were used, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, and hormonal therapy. The cases suffering from mild, moderate, and severe periodontal disease were 7 (23.33 %), 2 (6.66%), and 21 (70%), respectively.

The clinical signs, histopathological, IHC, and occurrence of periodontal disease in 30 women withbreast cancer were documented in this study. The authors recommend further studies on breast cancer to support its early diagnosis and prevention strategies.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, emphasizing the need for early detection and accurate diagnosis.This study investigates the role of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI). A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 96 patients with breast lesions who underwent MRI and DWI scans.

Patients were selected from among those who had MRI and DWI scans with b-values of 0, 800, and 1000 s/mm². ADC values were calculated by plotting the Region of Interest (ROI) and extracting corresponding values. Histological evaluations confirmed the diagnosis of the lesions. Statistical analyses included calculating accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, along with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the optimal cut-off value.

The ADC values demonstrated an accuracy of 92.5%, sensitivity of 93.2%, and specificity of 91.2% in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. The ROC curve analysis established a cut-off value of 1.44 × 10⁻³ mm²/s for effective differentiation.

ADC values can serve as a reliable biomarker for distinguishing breast lesions, potentially reducing unnecessary biopsies for benign cases and aiding clinicians in treatment decisions. The integration of ADC measurements into clinical practice could enhance patient management in breast cancer. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional markers to improve diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer management.

The primary causes of short stature (SS) are idiopathic short stature (ISS) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The diagnosis of GHD relies on growth hormone stimulation tests (GHSTs), while the diagnosis of ISS is achieved through exclusion.

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I are the best therapeutic drugs for treating GHD, but their suitability for ISS remains controversial. Therefore, distinguishing between these two causes of SS is crucial. Currently, the diagnosis of GHD depends on GHSTs, whereas the diagnosis of ISS is achieved through exclusion, which is an invasive process. Thus, developing a noninvasive and convenient method to differentiate between GHD and ISS would be of great importance. Patients and

We enrolled patients aged 3 - 14 years who presented with SS and underwent GHSTs and pituitary gland (PG) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at our hospital from January 2020 to October 2022 for a cross-sectional study. A total of 205 patients were included, comprising 83 with ISS and 122 with GHD. The GHD patients were further divided into two groups based on the peak GH level in GHSTs. All patients underwent routine physical examinations, GHSTs, PG MRI, and X-rays of the left wrist. Two authors independently recorded the PG features (height, length, width, volume, pituitary stalk diameter, pituitary stalk length, and morphology). The PG morphology was categorized into three types: Convex, flat, and concave. Bone age was estimated from X-rays of the left wrist, which were reviewed by an experienced radiologist. Comparisons between the two groups were conducted using two independent samples t-tests or chi-square (χ²) tests.

There were no differences between the two groups regarding baseline clinical characteristics, except for the GH peak in GHSTs (P < 0.05). Pituitary stalk diameter, PG height, PG volume, and the dorsum sellae were significantly lower, while the tuberculum sellae was higher in the GHD group compared to the ISS group (all P < 0.05). The proportion of concave PG was higher, and the proportion of flat PG was lower in the GHD group (all P < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, PG height and PG volume were significantly lower in the absolute GHD (AGHD) group compared to the partial GHD (PGHD) group (all P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that PG height (r = 0.635, P < 0.01) and PG volume (r = 0.786, P < 0.01) were positively correlated with the GH peak level. Further analysis also demonstrated the differential diagnostic accuracy of PG height and PG volume, with high sensitivity (PG height: 66.3%; PG volume: 84.3%) and specificity (PG height: 85.2%; PG volume: 77.9%).

pituitary gland height, PG volume, and the concave type of PG morphology may be very helpful in the differential diagnosis of GHD and ISS.

Idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) is a rare clinical condition often misdiagnosed as cirrhosis. The management of IPH focuses on preventing and treating complications related to portal hypertension, such as bleeding from esophagogastric fundal varices. In contrast, the management of cirrhosis focuses on symptomatic treatment based on etiology, protecting hepatocyte function, and inhibiting hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Therefore, it is crucial to correctly recognize both diseases and take appropriate therapeutic measures.

The aim of this study was to summarize and analyze the imaging, pathological, and serological features of idiopathic portal hypertension and cirrhosis to reduce misdiagnosis in clinical practice. Patients and

Pathological, radiological parameters [computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], and serological examinations were retrospectively evaluated for 14 patients with IPH and 30 patients with cirrhosis. We analyzed and compared their imaging manifestations in terms of spleen thickness and length, liver morphology, hepatic lobe atrophy, hyperplasia, portal vein thrombosis, arteriovenous phase liver perfusion, regenerative nodules, focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions of the liver, portal vein morphology, splenorenal shunt, and hepatorenal shunt. The aim was to investigate the correlation between the imaging manifestations and the pathological manifestations.

There were significant differences between the IPH and cirrhosis groups in individual indicators of liver function, routine blood tests, and coagulation function (P < 0.05). Significant differences in spleen thickness and length were also observed between the IPH and cirrhosis groups (P < 0.05). Atrophy and hyperplasia of the hepatic lobe differed between the two groups. Changes in liver morphology and parenchyma were observed in both the IPH and cirrhosis groups, with diffuse regenerative nodules and focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions being significant for distinguishing between IPH and cirrhosis. Focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions were more common in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension, whereas diffuse regenerative nodules were more common in patients with cirrhosis. All 14 IPH patients had abnormalities in the portal vein system, including main portal vein dilation, stiffness, straightening, and distal branch vein stenosis or occlusion, while 9 cirrhosis patients had portal vein abnormalities, primarily thinning of the portal vein. Pathology revealed that patients in the cirrhosis group had varying degrees of cell necrosis and edema, and pseudolobule formation was observed in all patients. Patients with IPH showed varying degrees of fibrosis in the portal and confluent areas, but lobular inflammation was not evident. Some IPH patients experienced portal vein occlusion and stenosis.

Idiopathic portal hypertension is relatively rare in clinical practice and is characterized by mostly normal liver function and hypersplenism, which may lead to a decrease in platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. If a giant spleen is found on imaging and the liver surface is smooth, IPH should be considered. Additionally, fibrosis, stenosis, and occlusion of the portal venous system, as well as focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions, are suggestive of idiopathic portal hypertension. In contrast, diffuse regenerative nodules and pseudolobule formation are often indicative of cirrhosis. Furthermore, atrophy and hyperplasia of the liver are significant in differentiating the two diseases.

Developing nanoparticles with multimodal contrast agents with therapeutic and contrast effects can greatly improve disease diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are sophisticated medical imaging modalities utilized for visualizing internal tissues and bones, facilitating the diagnosis of organ-related ailments and diseases. In MRI, bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a well-known compound used to carry gadolinium oxide as a contrast agent. Bismuth ferrite nanoparticles (BiFeO3 NPs) have been identified as a novel multifunctional therapeutic agent suitable for applications in radiotherapy, MRI, CT, and as mediators for magnetic hyperthermia. This study presents new NPs that can serve as dual imaging contrast agents for MRI and CT. These novel nanoparticles (BiFeO3@BSA-Gd2O3) consist of BiFeO3 nanoparticles, with BSA acting as a carrier for gadolinium oxide nanoparticles. BiFeO3 was synthesized by the sol-gel method and covered with a BSA layer, then gadolinium oxide was added to the BSA layer. Synthesized nanoparticles were identified using different physicochemical methods. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) confirms the existence of Gd, Bi, and Fe in the nanoparticle and the average size of nanoparticles regarding to SEM was 120 nm. The presence of BiFeO3 nanoparticles as a promising agent with multi-functional properties such as CT and MRI imaging and BSA-Gd2O3 as an MRI contrast agent, the newly synthesized nanoparticle has the potential to be used as nanomedicine for simultaneous MRI and CT as a Dual imaging contrast.

Schwannomas are typically benign tumors with a low likelihood of becoming malignant. Approximately 4% of schwannomas occur in the nasal passages, leading to gradual enlargement, cosmetic issues, and sensory disturbances. Common symptoms include nasal congestion and headaches. Nasal tip schwannomas are particularly rare, with only a few cases documented. This report presents a case of nasal tip schwannoma, detailing the symptoms, diagnostic process, and treatment provided.

A 14-year-old girl was referred for evaluation of a nasal lump that altered the appearance of her nose. She reported mild pain and numbness in the nasal area. Upon examination, a mobile lump was identified beneath the skin and inside the nasal cavity, with no other abnormalities noted. Preoperative imaging revealed a well-defined soft tissue mass without infiltration into surrounding structures. During an open rhinoplasty procedure, 17 nodules were excised to correct nasal deviation. Pathology confirmed a benign schwannoma. The surgery was successful, and after nine months, the patient maintained a stable nasal appearance and reported symptom relief. No complications or recurrences were observed, preserving the aesthetic outcome.

Nasal tip schwannoma is an uncommon condition that is diagnosed through imaging studies and confirmed by histopathology. Accurate diagnosis requires careful review of the patient’s medical history, a thorough physical examination, and relevant diagnostic tests. This comprehensive approach is essential for timely and precise diagnosis of rare nasal conditions, including differential diagnoses such as hemangioma.

Cerebral palsy is a motor impairment syndrome that arises from a lesion in the developing brain. The condition varies based on the timing of the lesion, as well as differences in clinical presentation, location, and severity.

The aim of this study is to determine the clinical features of patients with cerebral palsy, identify the associated risk factors, and analyze cranial MRI findings in relation to the different types of cerebral palsy.

This study retrospectively evaluated the medical records of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Data collected included demographic information, details of potential relevant abnormalities during pregnancy, birth, and the neonatal period, comorbidities, types of cerebral palsy, cranial MRI findings, and classifications of motor impairments.

The mean age of the 202 patients with cerebral palsy in the study was 8.02 years, with a male predominance (60.4%). The most common type of cerebral palsy observed was spastic cerebral palsy, accounting for 81.6% of the cases. The most frequent cranial MRI finding was white matter damage of immaturity, present in 36.1% of the patients, while 8.4% of the cases had normal cranial MRI results. Epilepsy was the most common comorbidity, affecting 50.5% of the patients.White matter damage of immaturity was most commonly associated with spastic diparesis, and the identified risk factors for these patients included prematurity, low birth weight, oligohydramnios, multiple pregnancy, and neonatal sepsis/meningitis. Spastic tetraparesis was most frequently linked to miscellaneous MRI findings, with risk factors such as term birth, normal birth weight, polyhydramnios, asphyxia/resuscitation, and a history of neonatal convulsions. Focal infarction/hemorrhage was most often associated with spastic hemiparesis, while basal ganglia-thalamus damage was frequently seen in patients with choreoathetotic and dystonic cerebral palsy. In patients with dystonic cerebral palsy, vaginal delivery and a history of hyperbilirubinemia were identified as common risk factors. Cerebellar damage and malformations were most frequently associated with ataxic cerebral palsy.

In this study, it was determined that MRI findings can serve as a valuable guide for identifying different types of cerebral palsy. Additionally, the risk factors, disease severity, and accompanying comorbidities were found to vary according to the specific type of cerebral palsy.

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of soft tissue tumors with histopathological correlation at a tertiary care center.

An observational study was conducted on 75 patients (n = 75) in the Department of Radiodiagnosis over 18 months. The targeted population comprised patients who presented to the Radiodiagnosis Department for radiological imaging of soft tissue tumors.

Out of 75 cases, 20% were found to have benign tumors, while 80% were found to have malignant tumors. The most frequent benign tumor was fibromatosis, with n = 10 cases (13.33%), and the most common malignant tumor was synovial sarcoma, with n = 14 cases (18.66%). The benign age group ranged from 11 to 20 years. T2-weighted heterogeneous hyperintensity was noted more frequently in malignant lesions, demonstrating a high positive predictive value; that is, 83% of malignant tumors exhibited changes on diffusion-weighted imaging/ apparent diffusion co efficient (DWI/ADC). Low-grade malignant lesions showed no restrictions. Most benign lesions displayed restrictions, with a high positive predictive value of 98.14%, specificity of 93.33%, and sensitivity of 88.33%.

Soft tissue tumors can be detected and locally staged using MRI; thus, this technique has proven its value. Intralesional hemorrhage and calcification are two parameters that have been shown to have no substantial association with cancer. Due to its high sensitivity, MRI is a viable option for evaluating soft tissue tumors.

The prevalence of tendinopathic changes of the distal biceps tendon (DBT) is not clear, in both the general population and patients with symptoms that may be related to distal biceps tendinopathy. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively determine the prevalence of distal biceps tendinopathy in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing an MRI of the elbow. A secondary aim is to assess the association between age and the prevalence of incidental distal biceps tendinopathy. We assessed 1,180 MRI-reports describing the elbow region and calculated prevalence of incidental and symptomatic DBT tendinopathies. Symptomatic DBT tendinopathy was defined as patients that had complaints of anterior elbow pain. With a multivariate logistic regression analysis we tested whether age, sex, and race were independently associated with DBT tendinopathy. 276 of 1,180 (23%) of the distal biceps tendons showed signal changes on the MRI. Only 114 (10%) showed DBT tendinopathy, of which60 (5% of all tendons, 53% of tendons with tendinopathy) were incidental. The prevalence peaked between 40-49.9 years (37%) and 50-59.9 years (30%). There was no significant association between increasing age and incidental DBT tendinopathy (P= 0.935). However, there was a significant association between increasing age and tendinopathy, whether the tendinopathy was incidental or symptomatic (P< 0.001). Signal changes in the DBT are common on MRI scans, however 53% of detected tendinopathies are incidental. There is no association between increasing age and prevalence of incidental DBT tendinopathy, though there is a significant association between increasing age and DBT tendinopathy. Level of evidence: II

A brain tumor is one of the most common and fatal neurological diseases that may require surgery. The correct diagnosis of the location and size of the tumor can be a diagnostic aid program for medical robots during surgery, and it also helps doctors formulate a suitable treatment plan for the patient.

To develop an algorithm based on support vector machine (SVM) for the detection and classification of tumors into benign and malignant types on MRI images.

In this retrospective study, 160 MRI images were obtained from the KAGGLE website. The studied subjects included two groups: Benign tumors and malignant tumors. At first, preprocessing and noise removal were done by comparing four filters: Butterworth, wavelet, ideal, and median. Finally, the SVM algorithm was used to classify brain tumors into benign and malignant.

The performance evaluation of the filters showed that the median and wavelet filters had the best performance in removing noise from MRI images. Then, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) extracted the required features from MRI images and was used as the input of the SVM algorithm. The accuracy, precision and specificity of the proposed algorithm in diagnosing benign and malignant brain tumors were 95%, 88% and 91%.

The findings of recent studies show that this algorithm can be used to improve the accurate diagnosis of brain tumors and their types. Combining morphological features can also be a diagnostic tool to increase accuracy in robotic surgeries.

Despite treatment with anti-epileptic drugs, 30% of epileptic patients continue to experience seizures, making surgery a viable option. Surgery has shown efficacy even in non-lesional epileptic individuals, although there is limited research on this topic.

This study aimed to investigate surgical outcomes in individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) who undergo surgery despite having non-lesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

This observational longitudinal study was conducted between 2017 and 2020 at a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Using census sampling, we screened 750 epilepsy cases and enrolled 80 patients (42 women and 38 men) with DRE and non-lesional MRI findings who underwent epilepsy surgery. We collected patients' demographics and seizure characteristics. A 2-year follow-up was conducted to assess the seizure freedom rate. We compared seizure-free and non-seizure-free patients who underwent temporal epilepsy surgery, extratemporal epilepsy surgery, corpus callosotomy, and Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) using chi-square, Fisher exact, and binary logistic regression tests.

The seizure freedom rate was 62.7% for temporal surgery, 83.33% for extratemporal surgery, 26.66% for corpus callosotomy, and none for patients who underwent VNS. There was no difference between seizure-free and non-seizure-free patients in terms of their baseline characteristics, seizure semiology, lesion features, and post-operative findings (P-values > 0.05), except that patients without a history of febrile convulsions tended to experience more seizure freedom after extratemporal surgery (P = 0.007). Additionally, older patients tended to experience more seizure freedom after temporal surgery (P = 0.03).

This study underscores the potential benefits of epilepsy surgery in non-lesional DRE patients. Further research is needed to establish criteria for patient selection in this context.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an arteriopathy characterized by progressive stenosis of brain arteries. Neurological symptoms can range from headaches and dizziness to severe sensory and motor impairment. Revascularization surgery helps prevent repeated strokes and further brain damage. Two postoperative years, age up to six years, and certain comorbidities are recognized as risk factors for complications during the process of brain neovascularization. Anesthetic management of these patients is challenging since anesthesia can alter cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cause inadequate perfusion in affected areas.

We report the case of a six-year-old boy with MMD who underwent deep sedation with sevoflurane for a follow-up endocranial MRI. In addition to MMD, the boy had a genetic predisposition for thrombosis, an allergy to atropine, and was within the critical two-year postoperative period during which any alterations in CBF could lead to complications. We chose sevoflurane and oxygen for deep sedation because of its favorable profile on hemodynamics and its negative feedback effect on respiratory drive, which prevents anesthetic overdose, enables spontaneous breathing, and preserves normocarbia during the procedure. The procedure lasted two hours and was uneventful. The boy was discharged home two hours later.

Although revascularization surgery in MMD has a high success rate, in 5% of patients, repeated strokes can occur, especially in high-risk groups such as our patient. Awareness of existing risk factors, along with careful pre-anesthesia preparation and a well-considered anesthetic plan, are mandatory to prevent alterations in blood flow and ischemic attacks.

Radiomic feature reproducibility assessment is critical in radiomics‑based image biomarker discovery. This study aims to evaluate the impact of preprocessing parameters on the reproducibility of magnetic resonance image (MRI) radiomic features extracted from gross tumor volume (GTV) and high‑risk clinical tumor volume (HR‑CTV) in cervical cancer (CC) patients.

This study included 99 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer who underwent an MRI prior to receiving brachytherapy. The GTV and HR‑CTV were delineated on T2‑weighted MRI and inputted into 3D Slicer for radiomic analysis. Before feature extraction, all images were preprocessed to a combination of several parameters of Laplacian of Gaussian (1 and 2), resampling (0.5 and 1), and bin width (5, 10, 25, and 50). The reproducibility of radiomic features was analyzed using the intra‑class correlation coefficient (ICC).

Almost all shapes and first‑order features had ICC values > 0.95. Most second‑order texture features were not reproducible (ICC < 0.95) in GTV and HR‑CTV. Furthermore, 20% of all neighboring gray‑tone difference matrix texture features had ICC > 0.90 in both GTV and HR‑CTV.

The results presented here showed that MRI radiomic features are vulnerable to changes in preprocessing, and this issue must be understood and applied before any clinical decision‑making. Features with ICC > 0.90 were considered the most reproducible features. Shape and first‑order radiomic features were the most reproducible features in both GTV and HR‑CTV. Our results also showed that GTV and HR‑CTV radiomic features had similar changes against preprocessing sets.

Different degrees of T1-weighted (T1W) signal intensities in certain locations on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are characteristic features of neurological involvement in congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS). Long-term accumulation of manganese (Mn) as a biomarker can lead to irreversible brain damage.

The aim of this study was to utilize quantitative brain MRI indicators to characterize brain signal differences in various regions in children with congenital portosystemic shunt. This may contribute to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions.

This was a case-control study. Thirty-two patients diagnosed with CPSS based on at least one of the following imaging studies—abdominal ultrasound, Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), and Computed Tomography (CT)—and who underwent brain MRI prior to interventional treatment or surgery were included as the Case Group in this study. The age of these patients varied from 22 months to 15 years. Brain MRI of thirty children aged 2 to 15 years, identified without liver or structural diseases, were selected as the Control Group.The brain imaging protocol included an axial spin-echo T1-weighted image (T1WI), an axial T2-weighted image (T2WI), an axial diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), an axial T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence, and a sagittal gradient-echo 3D T1W thin-slice sequence, which can be reconstructed into axial and coronal planes. We utilized quantitative MRI assessment based on the 3D T1-weighted sequence to evaluate intracranial signal differences. The quantitative index was categorized into two types: Globus pallidus-to-frontal subcortical white matter Index (GFI) and anterior pituitary-to-pons Index (API). GFI and API were measured and statistically analyzed on the 3D T1W sequence between the Case Group and the Control Group. GFI of the Case Group was also measured and analyzed between the 3D T1W sequence and the standard T1W sequence. Correlation analysis was applied between the GFI ratios and ammonia levels, as well as between the API ratios and ammonia levels in the Case Group. The duration of the study was more than three months.

Significant differences in GFI and API were observed in the Case Group compared with the Control Group (P < 0.01). There was also a statistical difference in GFI between the 3D T1W sequence and the standard T1W sequence (P < 0.01). However, the GFI and API ratios were not correlated with ammonia levels (P > 0.05). The Pearson correlation values were 0.147 and 0.190, respectively.

There was a correlation between different brain signals and congenital portosystemic shunt. Quantitative MRI assessment based on the 3D T1-weighted sequence could be used to evaluate these brain signal differences. A longitudinal study with multiple measurements would be beneficial for more accurately assessing such differences, enabling timely interventions, reducing complications, and avoiding lifelong drug therapy.

Here, we aimed to quantitatively analyze the gray scale value (GSV) of conventional triple-enhancement MRI and explore its value in differentiating non-cirrhosis, alpha-fetoprotein-negative small Hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) together with Focal nodular hyperplasia (SFNH). In this study, 83 cases of SHCC-related lesions were observed in 83 individuals, and an additional 35 cases of SFNH-associated lesions were examined in a group of 32 patients. These lesions were all verified through pathological assessment. The lesions’ MRI GSV of the plain scan (GSV-p) and the enhanced MRI scan (GSV-c), and normal liver parenchyma’s GSV around the lesion (GSV-n) were all quantified. Subsequently, we computed the GSV-c to GSV-n ratio (GSR), and the GSV-c to GSV-p ratio (GSRL). We employed the Wilcoxon rank sum analysis and ROC curve analysis with the aim of evaluating significance in these ratios. Age and gender distribution in SHCC and SFNH exhibited relevant differences, whereas the size did not. During the phases arterial (GSRAP), portal (GSRPP), and delayed (GSRDP), the GSR and the GSRL for SHCC and SFNH demonstrated a gradual decrease, and all these changes were statistically significant. The AUC for GSRDP in SHCC and SFNH was 0.83, which surpassed the performance of other metrics. The GSV values obtained from a standard triple-enhancement MRI were found to be valuable in distinguishing between SHCC and SFNH, with the GSRDP showing the best performance. The precise utilization of these metrics facilitated the differentiation of SHCC and SFNH, ultimately reducing the need for unnecessary interventional procedures and associated trauma.

Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCC) represent secondary injuries associated with various clinical etiologies. These lesions, characterized by restricted diffusion on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), manifest as small and reversible abnormalities in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Despite their distinct radiological features, they often pose a diagnostic challenge, mimicking acute cerebral infarction in clinical presentation. Herein, we present the case of a 47-year-old male with a history of two episodes of transient syncope, transient bilateral blindness, multiple episodes of diarrhea, and high fever. Initially suspected to have acute splenial infarction secondary to sepsis and gastrointestinal infection, further evaluation including cranio-cervical computed tomography angiography (CTA) and electroencephalography, in conjunction with neurology consultation, led to the diagnosis of CLOCC. Prompt initiation of antimicrobial and antipyretic therapy resulted in rapid neurological improvement within 48 hours. Splenial lesions in the context of sepsis often masquerade as infarction due to their association with coagulopathy and microvascular thrombosis. However, emerging evidence suggests that isolated infarction in this region is exceedingly rare, with reversible lesions characteristic of CLOCC being more commonly encountered. Management primarily entails addressing the underlying systemic condition, with a generally favorable prognosis observed in most cases.

The motor function defects in stroke patients are mainly caused by damage to brain neurons and network disconnection, as viewed through neuroimaging. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI and fMRI) are the most commonly used techniques in studying central nervous system diseases. This article reviews recent technological research to provide evidence for acupuncture research and development. Relevant articles were obtained from PubMed and China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) databases, as well as from CNKI database from 2014 to 2023. The data were then reviewed and the citations were examined. The non-invasive technique of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly effective in accurately identifying abnormal brain activities, making it a top choice. As MRI technology rapidly evolves, additional techniques such as diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI), and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) can be used to observe post-IS motor neural injuries and related neural reshaping. These techniques about MRI could help doctors better understand the biological mechanisms underlying neural pathways and motor deficits in IS, aiding in the development of targeted therapies.

To analyse the signs of malignant tumours in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and further improve the imaging diagnosis level of malignant breast tumours. The plain and enhanced MRI data of 60 patients who visited our hospital between January 2011 and January 2021 were analysed retrospectively, with 118 lesions in total. Malignant breast tumour signs were assessed. A total of 96 lesions were pathologically confirmed as breast cancer, with 76 cases of single breast and single lesion, 10 cases of double breast and single lesion, 6 cases of single breast and two lesions, and 4 cases of single breast and three lesions. Regarding morphology, 58 lesions were regular in appearance and 60 were irregular, of which 50 had a burr sign or sharp angle sign. Strengthening methods included 52 cases of homogeneous strengthening, 3 of annular strengthening and 2 of cluster strengthening. A burr margin, local skin thickening, depression, adhesion and axillary lymph node enlargement are reliable MRI signs of breast cancer. When combined with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System grading, these signs can effectively differentiate between benign and malignant breast tumours and constitute a key reference value for the diagnosis of breast cancer.