neural cells

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) because of its ability to be reprogrammed into embryonic-like stem cells (ELSCs) can be a new source of pluripotent stem cells which can play a promising role in regenerative medicine. In this study, SSCs were transdifferentiated into neuron-like cells (NLCs) using two-step differentiation protocol. pluripotency and germ cells markers were analyzed in SSCs and ELSCs. Also neural markers were analyzed in ELSCs and NLCs.

Neonatal rat testes were mechanically dissected and digested then was cultured in DMEM supplemented with 15% FBS. The medium was replaced with DMEM containing LIF, mercaptoethanol, EGF, bFGF, and GDNF. After 5 weeks, ELSCs colonies appeared. SSCs and ELSCs were evaluated by Stra8, plzf (germ cells markers) Oct4, and sox2 (pluripotency markers) using qRT-PCR. The ELSCs colonies were isolated and cultured in DMEM containing 0.5 mM lithium chloride. In day 5, ELSCs transdifferentiated to NLC. They were evaluated using neural marker including Neurofilament 200 (NF-200), choline acetyltransferase (CAT), synaptophysin (Syp), Nestin (Nes), Neurogenin1 (NG1), Neurod1 (Nd1), and Neurofilament 68 (NF-68)gene expression.

Result showed increasing expression of Oct4 and sox2 genes and low level of Stra8 and plzf expression in ELSCs than SSCs. After neural transdifferentiation by lithium chloride induction, neural markers were examined by RT-PCR in ELSCs and NLCs. The result showed expression of NF-200, CAT, Syp, Nes, NG1, Nd1 and NF-68 in NLCs opposed to ELSCs.

This study indicates lithium chloride can promote ELSCs to transdifferentiate into NLCs.

Differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to neural cells on Nano-scaffolds is a promising method for the treatment of the damaged nervous system through bionanomaterial-cell transplantation. The hMSC’s multipotential features have been discovered in various tissue engineering researches. This investigation shows the in-vitro development and neural differentiation of hMSC in 3D and 2D environments. The 3D environment which used in this study is nanofibrous polycaprolactone (PCL). The differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to neural cells, on the random polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds, and tissue plate was examined. Researches have proved that interaction of extracellular nanofibrous matrix with in-vivo cells, gives mechanical maintenance to the cells and plays a functional role in the control of cellular behaviour. Stem cells are developing as a fundamental tool in the evolution of tissue engineering and regenerative medication. PCL characterization was determined employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Agents like, retinoic acid, epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and Ibmx, which they are neural inducing agents, added in DMDM/F12 to differentiate MSCs to neural cells. Reproduction of mesenchymal cells on PCL nanofibrous scaffolds and neural morphology revealed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope outcomes. The differentiated mesenchymal cells on nanofibrous scaffolds express neural gene markers including; β- tubulin III and Map2 on the day of 14. Our investigation recommends the potential usage of differentiated neural cells from hMSCs on Nano-scaffolds toward the improvement of neural cells. This study conducted in 2011.