perfectionism

Internet addiction is associated with psychological characteristics such as perfectionism, social anxiety, and loneliness. The mediating role of procrastination in these relationships has been less explored. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the mediating role of procrastination in the relationship between perfectionism, social anxiety, and loneliness and internet addiction among students at Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, during the 2021-2022 academic year.

In the present descriptive correlational study, the community consisted of students. A number of 500 people were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1988), Procrastination Scale (Tuckman, 1991), Perfectionism Scale (Hill et al., 2004), Social Phobia Scale (Connor et al., 2000), and Adult Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale-Short Version (de Tomaso et al., 2004). Data analysis was performed by structural equations modeling.

The results of the research showed that the variables of procrastination, perfectionism, social anxiety, and loneliness are directly and positively related to Internet addiction (p<0.001). Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that procrastination plays a mediating role in the relationship between perfectionism, social anxiety, and loneliness, and Internet addiction (p<0.001).

The current study indicated that procrastination in individuals with high levels of perfectionism, social anxiety, and loneliness could lead to excessive internet dependency. Therefore, it is recommended that interventions be considered to reduce these factors.

The damages of perfectionism in obsessive personality during COVID–19 pandemic need psychological treatments. The main symptom of an obsessive–compulsive personality is perfectionism. This symptom has intensity and weakness in the nurses of different hospital departments. Therefore, the treatment of perfectionism in the nursing group is considered important. This research responds to the impact of acceptance and commitment based on compassion and emotion–oriented schema therapy on the perfectionism of nurses. So far, no study has been done on perfectionism in emotion–oriented schema therapy. Considering the combination of emotion–oriented schema therapy and meta–diagnosis of perfectionism, this research seems necessary. Also, due to the similar diagnostic elements in the two treatments of acceptance and commitment therapy based on compassion and emotional schemas, no comparison has been made between these two treatments. So, this research investigated the effectiveness of emotion–oriented schema therapy and compassion–based acceptance and commitment therapy on the perfectionism of nurses with obsessive–compulsive personality traits working in the coronavirus ward.

This quasi–experimental study employed a pretest–posttest and follow–up design with a control group. The statistical population comprised the nurses working in the coronavirus departments of the social security hospitals of Karaj and Tehran cities, Iran, in 2021 and 2022. Of them, 40 nurses were selected using the available sampling method from Lavasani and Alborz hospitals who met the inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The inclusion criteria were as follows: not participating in other psychological interventions at the same time and lacking debilitating physical and mental illnesses (diagnosed by the researcher and using interviews). The exclusion criteria included the absence of more than three intervention sessions and non–observance of group therapy rules. For ten 120–minute sessions, the experimental groups underwent emotion–oriented schema therapy based on Leahy's program (2011) and compassion–based acceptance and commitment based on Tirch et al.'s (2014) program. This research used the Personality Inventory (Krueger et al., 2013) and the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Besharat, 2007) for data collection. Data analysis was carried out in two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. At the level of descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. At the level of inferential statistics, variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc tests were performed. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 24, and the significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05.

Results showed that the mean scores of self–oriented perfectionism and community–oriented perfectionism in the two groups of emotion–oriented schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy based on compassion therapy did not have a significant difference (p=1.000). However, there was a significant difference between the acceptance and commitment treatment group based on compassion and the control group in self–oriented perfectionism in the posttest stage (p<0.001) and follow–up (p=0.004) as well as between community–oriented perfectionism in the posttest (p=0.008) and follow–up (p=0.015). Also, the emotion–oriented schema therapy group showed a significant difference with the control group in self–oriented perfectionism in the posttest (p=0.003) and follow–up (p=0.031), as well as between community–oriented perfectionism in the posttest (p=0.036). Still, the effect of this intervention in the follow–up phase on community–oriented perfectionism was not significant (p=0.078).

The results of the study indicate the similar effect of compassion–based acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion–oriented schema therapy on the perfectionism of nurses. Considering the similarity of these two treatments in communication with the present, education in the field of emotion, and their deficiency in obsessive personality, they can be used as complementary treatments.

Parenting is stressful for parents, especially mothers, along with many challenges and responsibilities, and many factors can affect parental stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between perfectionism and parental stress in mothers of elementary school students.

The present research is descriptive. The statistical population included the mothers of elementary school students in Arak City in the academic year 2022-2023, out of which 300 mothers were selected by convenience sampling method and completed Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism, Parental Stress Short Form, and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using correlation tests and structural equations modeling.

The results showed that mothers' emotional intelligence has a negative and significant relationship with parental stress (r=-0.67), and parental perfectionism has a positive and significant relationship with parental stress (r=0.26) (p<0.001). But there was no significant relationship between perfectionism and emotional intelligence in mothers (p>0.05). According to the structural model, emotional intelligence had a moderating role in the relationship between perfectionism and parental stress (p<0.001).

According to the results, it appears that high perfectionism and low emotional intelligence in mothers can increase their parenting stress. On the other hand, in mothers who have high emotional intelligence, perfectionism will have less effect on parenting stress. Therefore, increasing emotional intelligence in mothers is recommended.

IntroductionThe people with migraine have many problems in psychological well-being; accordingly, it is important to know the factors affecting psychological well-being; In this regard, the present study conducted with the aim of modeling the psychological well-being of migraine patients based on perfectionism and rumination with the mediating role of negative affect.Material and MethodThe current research was descriptive and correlational, which carried out using structural equations. The statistical population of this study consisted of all migraine patients in Mashhad City located in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran, in 2022. 236 people were selected using available sampling. Participants answered the Psychological Wellbeing Questionnaire (short form) (Ryff, 1989), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Frost et al., 1990), Ruminative Response Scale (Nolen–Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991), and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Watson et al., 1988). Data analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS–27 and AMOS–24 ResultThe direct path coefficient between perfectionism and psychological well-being was negative and significant The direct path coefficient between perfectionism and negative affect was positive and significant . The direct path coefficient between negative affect and psychological well-being was negative and significant The direct effect of rumination on negative emotion was positive and significant Also, the coefficient of the indirect effect of perfectionism on psychological well-being through negative affect was significant addition, the indirect effect of rumination on psychological well-being through negative affect was significant ConclusionBased on the research results, it can be said that negative affect mediates the structural relationships between perfectionism and rumination with psychological well-being.

Perfectionism is a psychological issue that psychologists have studied extensively. Research shows that perfectionism can either enhance or hinder performance.

The purpose of this research was to develop a model of perfectionism for abnormal personality traits.

This study utilized a mixed exploratory approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative phase involved 20 university experts knowledgeable about perfectionism in sports, with the sample size reaching theoretical saturation. The quantitative phase included 232 players from the national team's training camps, selected through convenience sampling. Using the onion research method, a model of perfectionism for abnormal personality traits in national team players was developed based on interviews and expert input. A 10-component questionnaire was created from this model. Structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software were used to test relationships within the model.

The research yielded a model of perfectionism for abnormal personality traits in national team players, consisting of components such as negativity, expectations of others, coach criticism, self-control, individual standards, positivism, striving for excellence, fear of failure, and performance doubts.

The results suggest that perfectionism significantly influences players' attitudes and behaviors, particularly in relation to abnormal personality traits.

 Intelligent students may experience more stress, anxiety, and adjustment problems than non-gifted students for various reasons, including perfectionism. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perfectionism and psychological symptoms with the mediation of self-compassion and external shame among intelligent students.

 A descriptive and correlational study was conducted with the participation of 300 high school intelligent students in Amol. A city in north of Iran, in 2022. Multistage cluster random sampling was done. The data were collected using six-dimensional and three-dimensional perfectionism, stress-anxiety-depression, self-compassion, and external shame questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation tests and structural equation models and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 IBM SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA) and AMOS-24 softwares.

 An increase in the amount of external shame caused increase in both psychological symptoms (r=0.581). An increase in self-pity (r=0.393) and perfectionism (r=0.387) caused a decrease in psychological symptoms.The coefficients of the direct path between perfectionism and self-compassion were positive but not significant (P=0.123, β=0.528). The relationship between perfectionism and external shame is positive and significant (P<0.001, β=0.498), between self-compassion and negative and significant psychological symptoms (P<0.001, β=0.208), There were positive and significant correlations between external shame and psychological symptoms (P<0.001, β=0.488). The path coefficient of the indirect effect of perfectionism through the mediation of external shame on positive and significant psychological symptoms (P<0.001, β=0.243) and also the indirect effect of perfectionism on psychological symptoms through the mediation of negative self-compassion and it was significant (P< 0.001, β = -0.109).

 The study showed that with the increase in the level of perfectionism and the subsequent increase in external shame, psychological symptoms also increase. Also, with the increase of perfectionism followed by the promotion of self-compassion, the amount of psychological symptoms decreases.

High blood pressure is one of the most common and important threats to human health and is the main cause of premature death all over the world. High blood pressure is caused by psycho-physiological factors. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between mindfulness, personality factors and perfectionism and anger in high blood pressure patients.

This research was a descriptive-cross-sectional and correlational study. The statistical population was the patients with high blood pressure who referred to the medical centers of Tabriz city in 1401. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size of the research was 184 people who were selected by convenience sampling method. Research tools were Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire, Spielberger State-Trait Anger Questionnaire, Revised NEO Questionnaire (short form), and Brown and Ryan Mindfulness Assessment Scale. Data were analyzed by correlation and regression tests withthrough SPSS-25 software.

The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between mindfulness and anger in high blood pressure patients (P<0/05). Among the personality factors, narcissism and conscientiousness had a positive and significant relationship with anger. There was a negative and significant relationship between extroversion, flexibility and agreeableness and anger regarding high blood pressure patients (P < 0/05). There was a positive and significant relationship between self-oriented, other-oriented and community-oriented perfectionism and anger in high blood pressure patients (P< 0/05). Also, mindfulness, personality factors and perfectionism can predict anger (P<0/05).

The results showed that there was a relationship between mindfulness, personality factors and, and anger. Therefore, by identifying psychological variables such as mindfulness, personality factors and perfectionism and its relationship with anger, blood pressure reduction in patients can be helped.

people who are confronted with a negative self-image may have a strong tendency towards perfectionism regarding their physical appearance, driven by the fear of negative evaluation. The aim of this study was to Explaining the causal relationship between early maladaptive schemas and fear of negative appearance evaluation in cosmetic surgery applicants based on the mediating role of perfectionism.

This descriptive-correlational study included all individuals who underwent cosmetic surgery in 1401 as a statistical population. Of them, 201 participants were selected through accessible sampling. Data were collected using the Hill Perfectionism Questionnaire, the short form of Young's Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire and the Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling and AOMS26 software.

The results of the structural equation modeling indicate good agreement with the research model. The indirect path coefficient between maladaptive early schemas and fear of negative evaluation (p=0.001, β=0.330) was positive and significant. Therefore, both negative and positive perfectionism variables played a positive and significant mediating role in the relationship between maladaptive early schemas and fear of negative evaluation in individuals seeking cosmetic surgery. In addition, the indirect path coefficient between maladaptive early schemas and fear of negative evaluation by positive perfectionism (p=0.001, β=0.140) and by negative perfectionism (p=0.001, β=0.190) was positive and significant.

In consideration of the acquired outcomes, it can be inferred that both negative and positive perfectionism play a mediating role in the correlation between maladaptive early schemas and the apprehension of negative assessment in a constructive and notable manner. These discoveries possess the capacity to be practically relevant for counselors and psychologists engaged in the assistance of individuals who aspire to undergo cosmetic surgery.

Procrastination has many negative consequences on both physical and mental health and the ability of people to achieve goals. Therefore, it is reasonable to study to know the related factors. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the path of predicting academic procrastination of students based on their perfectionism and self-efficacy, considering the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs.

The current research is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included undergraduate psychology students of Kerman Islamic Azad University in the academic year 2022-2023, and 227 students were selected by convenience sampling and completed the scales of Savari et al.’s Academic Procrastination, Sherer and Maddux’s General Self-Efficacy, Hill et al.’s Perfectionism, and Wells and Cartwright’s Metacognitive Beliefs. Data were analyzed using structural equations modelling.

The results indicated that self-efficacy has a direct, positive and significant effect on positive metacognitive beliefs (β=0.39, p<0.01) and an inverse, negative and significant effect on negative metacognitive beliefs (β=-0.42, p<0.01) and academic procrastination (β=-0.32, p<0.01). The results also showed that perfectionism has a direct, positive and significant effect on positive metacognitive beliefs (β=0.83, p<0.01) and negative metacognitive beliefs (β=0.51, p<0.01).

The results of the current study showed that metacognitive beliefs can play an important role in the relationship between self-efficacy and perfectionism and academic procrastination. Considering the negative consequences of procrastination on the academic health of students, it is recommended that intervention programs be prepared to appropriately change the variables affecting procrastination.