personality

Different personality traits have different positive or negative attitudes towards addiction. This study examines the association between the attitude towards drug addiction and the personality characteristics of Abadan University of Medical Sciences students and highlights the social issue of drug addiction due to its ability to undermine social beliefs.

In this cross-sectional study, 324 students were included in the research using the random sampling method. The target population was students, and the research sample was students of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tools were two questionnaires: "attitude towards drug addiction" and questionnaire of the "five-factor model of personality". Tests of Student -t test, one way ANOVA and linear regression were used to analyze the data.

The study participants included 107 men and 217 women. Most of the participants (93.2%) were single. The average age of the participants was 22.25 ± 6.35 years. The mean and standard deviation of attitude towards addiction in students were 59.08±17.34 which was lower than the median value of the questionnaire (96), and this difference was statistically significant. (P value<0.001). Addiction attitude was positively correlated with neuroticism domain (r=0.13, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with openness to experience (r=-0.31, P < 0.01). According to the results of the regression test, 14% of the changes in attitudes towards addiction were predicted by personality domains. Also, neuroticism and openness to experience were the most important predictors for attitude towards addiction.

Personality traits, especially neuroticism, are predictors for attitudes toward drug addiction and drug abuse. Counseling centers should collect student personality traits to predict drug addiction attitudes, identify vulnerable individuals, offer counseling and educational services, and organize events. Participating in sports, attending lectures, and social skills training can reduce drug abuse. Authorities should adapt educational programs to student characteristics.

Nurses are key members of the health care system, and their clinical competence is essential, especially in the psychiatric department. Various factors contribute to this competence. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the predictive role of personality traits in psychiatric nursing clinical competence among psychiatric nurses.

This study is a descriptive correlational study aimed at determining the predictive role of personality traits in psychiatric nursing clinical competence among psychiatric nurses.

The study sample included 271 nurses working in psychiatric departments in the provinces of Qazvin and Zanjan. Qazvin province has two psychiatric hospitals: Qazvin 22 Bahman Specialized Psychiatric Hospital of Medical Sciences, which has three clinical departments for men, women, and emergency, and Qods Specialized Children's Hospital, which has a pediatric psychiatric department. Zanjan province also has two psychiatric hospitals: Dr. Shahid Beheshti, the dedicated psychiatric hospital of Zanjan Medical Sciences, which has four clinical departments for men, women, emergency, and neurotic patients, and Abhar Emdadi Hospital, which has clinical departments for men, women, and emergency. Data were collected using demographic tools, a self-assessment questionnaire of psychiatric nurses' clinical qualifications, and the HEXACO personality traits questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.

The mean age of nurses was 36.55 ± 7.13 years. Of the participants, 105 (38.7%) were male, and the rest were female. The mean work experience of nurses was 10.82 ± 6.91 years, with the mean work experience in the psychiatric ward reported as 4.183 ± 3.83 years. According to the results, the mean score of general clinical competence was 26.40, specific clinical competence was 90.08, and the mean score of personality traits was 174.20 ± 22.4. The findings revealed a significant relationship between clinical competence and the components of 'honesty-humility', 'agreeableness', and 'conscientiousness' (P < 0.01).

The findings showed that psychiatric nurses' clinical competence in psychiatric nursing is good. Among the personality traits, only the subscale of openness has a predictive role. Policymakers and nursing managers are expected to implement workshops and interventions to improve the clinical competency of psychiatric nursing.

Limited studies have investigated the brain changes of individuals with different personality traits during emotional stimuli, and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings have often been conducted without considering personality traits.

This study aimed to determine the effect of five audiovisual emotional stimuli on the brain activity of healthy individuals based on the big five personality factors.

This observational study recruited 62 young participants using random sampling. Initially, the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) was administered to the qualified participants to determine their personality factors. Subsequently, EEG was performed in the eyes-open resting state and while watching emotionally stimulating videos that induced sadness, happiness, anger, fear, and an emotionally neutral state. The changes in the absolute power of brain waves relative to the resting state were analyzed.

Significant moderate correlations (ranging from 0.41 to 0.60) were observed between brain wave power and personality factors, particularly in men. Multiple regression analysis revealed that personality factors in men accounted for up to 29.1% of the variance in brain wave changes across different regions. The most substantial effect was observed when males watched the fearful video, where the theta band of the frontal area, particularly at the frontal region (Fz) point, was predominantly influenced by personality factors, accounting for a notable 29.1% change. Among these factors, extraversion was found to be the most influential.

Changes in brain waves while watching emotional videos in men relate to their personality traits, whereas no such relationship was found in women.

A clear relationship exists between human personality and architectural preferences. However, reviewing the findings of previous studies reveals that this expectation is not necessarily accurate, as contradictory results have been reported. This study aims to review various research and assessment methods used in previous studies for assessing the relationship between personality and architectural preferences and identify the theoretical and practical shortcomings of each method.

This is a critical review study. A search was conducted in Google Scholar and Web of Science database for published articles in English using the following keywords: “Visual aesthetics,” “personality traits,” “architectural preferences,” “art preferences,” and “aesthetic judgments.” These articles were first categorized into four groups based on their methodological approaches (physiological, neurobiological, practical, and psychological) and then their degree of success and generalizability were assessed briefly. Finally, due to having lower implementation limitations and a higher theoretical background, the group using the psychological approaches was structurally analyzed from the methodological and practical aspects to develop a conceptual quadruple model. After presenting the model, neural network modeling was used to discover of hidden patterns.

Based on the analysis of the reviewed studies, the psychological approach was a more feasible option for assessing the relationship between personality and architectural preferences. The quadruple model that proposed for this purpose included aesthetic variables/environmental stimuli, context, personality traits, and responses. The machine learning method facilitated the discovery of hidden patterns in relationship between personality and human preferences.

This study proposes a new systematic quadruple model for evaluating aesthetic preferences.

Treatment-seeking behaviors in elderly patients can facilitate timely diagnosis and effective intervention for health issues, whereas treatment-avoidant behaviors may contribute to the progression of diseases and an increased burden of chronic conditions. Understanding the psychological factors influencing these behaviors is crucial for improving health outcomes in this population. This study aimed to compare personality traits and resilience among elderly patients with health anxiety who exhibit treatment-seeking versus treatment-avoidant behaviors.

This fundamental research employed a causal-comparative design. The statistical population consisted of elderly patients with health anxiety who referred to Healthcare Centers in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, in 2023. A sample of 60 patients was selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Salkowski Health Anxiety Inventory. Hypotheses were tested using MANOVA.

Significant differences were observed between treatment-seeking and treatment-avoidant patients in terms of personality traits and resilience (F (2, 57) = 11.28, p < 0.05). The findings highlighted that individuals with certain personality traits and higher levels of resilience were more inclined to seek treatment.

The study underscores the importance of considering personality traits and resilience as key factors when developing strategies for encouraging appropriate healthcare-seeking behaviors among elderly patients with health anxiety. Understanding these factors can inform tailored interventions to reduce treatment avoidance and improve overall health management.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality in the world, and almost one out of every 4 Cardiac Patients have type D personality traits. This personality type also predicts some of the psychological components of people, including anxiety sensitivity and rumination.  The goal of this research was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and integrated transdiagnostic psychotherapy on anxiety sensitivity and rumination in cardiac patients with type D personality. The research methodology was semi-experimental, and the statistical population of the present research includes all Cardiac Patients who visited the Simorgh Heart Clinic in Mashhad in 2022. The sample size includes 60 individuals who were randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group. Twenty persons were included in the integrated transdiagnostic therapy group, 20 were replaced in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group, 20 were replaced in the control group, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention and integrated transdiagnostic psychotherapy were conducted for the two groups. The research tool (means) includes Rees and Peterson (1985) and Nolen-Hoeksema (1991) anxiety sensitivity scale. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has been more influential on both research variables between the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and integrated transdiagnosis on anxiety sensitivity and rumination of Cardiac Patients under study.  Mindfulness can have desirable results on anxiety sensitivity and rumination in Cardiac Patients with type D.

Spiritual health, along with mental, physical, and emotional health, is one of the four dimensions of health, which can increase the level of adaptation of teachers to life events. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of meaning in life in relationships of responsibility and spiritual health with prospective personality in competent teachers.

This study used a structural equation model (SEM) method, and the statistical population consisted of all competent teachers in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2023. A total of 264 participants were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. Prospective personality, responsibility, spiritual health, and meaning in life questionnaires were used to collect data. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and Structural equation modeling (SEM).

The results revealed that spiritual health had positive, significant relationships with prospective personality and meaning in life in competent teachers (P<0.01). Responsibility was significantly related to prospective personality and meaning in life (P<0.01). Furthermore, the relationship between meaning in life and perspective personality in teachers was significant (P<0.001). The indirect paths to perspective personality were found to become significant through meaning in life (P<0.01).

The proposed model had a good fit and is a major step toward identifying factors affecting prospective personality in teachers.

 Mentorship is essential for medical undergraduates' professional and personal development to enhance soft skills, knowledge, and academic performance. The present study analyzed the mentee's feedback about the program.

 The present cross-sectional (retrospective) study, approved by the ethics committee, was conducted between January and March 2022. One hundred fifty feedback forms (open and closed-ended questions) of 2016–2019 MBBS students (at the end of one and a half years of implementation) were analyzed. Data were represented as mean±SD and median. Qualitative data was coded and analyzed descriptively.

 58 % and 50.66% of mentees agreed on easy approachability and communication with mentors. 52.67 % agreed strongly, and 52% agreed that mentors listened actively to their problems and provided constructive feedback. 68.67% agreed and 56.67% agreed strongly that important lessons about personal, college, and career life were learned. 78.66% agreed that research motivation was provided. 71, 33%, and 60% agreed that mentoring helped improve academics and develop a conceptual learning style. 70% and 51.33% agreed that mentors helped them solve medical life problems and develop skills (communication, interpersonal, and humane values). 46.66% agreed that mentors encouraged them to participate in sports or extracurricular activities. 52% agreed strongly that their mentors had a professional attitude, 47.33% agreed mentors were beneficial to them, and 46.67% agreed strongly to recommend their mentors for future professional and personal development activities. Open-ended analysis showed that, in decreasing order, the most beneficial developmental activities performed with their mentors were problem-solving (40.56%), guidance, counseling (34.26%), and soft skill development (13.85%). Menttes considered time constraints a hurdle and suggested scheduled, regular meetings and the use of social media for the program's effectiveness.

Regular feedback, evaluation, and perceptions of mentees are vital for the mentorship program.

This study aimed to examine the effect of individuals’ personality traits on the perceived effort. This experimental study was conducted from October 2022 to December 2022 on 30 students using general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), Raven’s intelligence quotient (IQ) test, visual analogue scale (VAS), revised neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience (NEO) personality inventory, and Jamar hand dynamometer (JHD). A significant positive correlation was found between the exerted force to the JHD (EF-JHD) and perceived effort rated on horizontal VAS (PE-H/VAS) and vertical VAS (PE-V/VAS) in the individuals with low levels of ‘neuroticism’. Considering ‘extraversion’ and ‘agreeableness’ factors of the NEO test, the correlation coefficient between EF-JHD, and PE-H/VAS and PE-V/VAS was higher in the individuals with medium levels compared to those with high levels. This relationship was reverse for the ‘openness to experience’ and ‘conscientiousness’ factors. The results demonstrated a significant strong positive correlation between PE-H/VAS and PE-V/VAS (r=0.97). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between EF-JHD and PE-H/VAS and between EF-JHD and PE-V/VAS. Individuals’ personality traits are recommended to be considered in assessing the perceived effort by VAS.

Skydiving anxiety varies according to individual personality traits. Identifying key factors influencing paratroopers' well-being and performance is essential.

To investigate the relationship between anxiety and personality traits in free-fall skydivers.

An analytical study was conducted at a military base in Guilan province, Iran, with free-fall paratroopers selected through random sampling. Data were collected using three questionnaires covering demographics, anxiety levels, and personality factors.

Fifty-eight paratroopers were assessed; 79.3% were under 30 years old. Free-fall paratroopers exhibited higher levels of extraversion and conscientiousness and lower levels of neuroticism. Trait anxiety was found to be higher among those with neuroticism. Experienced paratroopers displayed higher trait anxiety, with no significant relationship to state anxiety, experience level, or age.

High trait anxiety in neurotic paratroopers is meaningful in relation to personality traits examined in this study.

The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) aims to address the limitations of traditional nosologies. This model organizes borderline personality disorder (BPD) along two dimensions: The distress sub-factor of negative affectivity and antagonism.

For the HiTOP model to be effectively integrated into clinical practice, its clinical utility must be established. This study aimed to assess the clinical utility and diagnostic validity of HiTOP in diagnosing BPD.

This cross-sectional study included 113 inpatients with a primary diagnosis of BPD and 100 nonclinical individuals. The Structured Clinical Interview for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) Personality Disorders, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-Screening Personality Questionnaire, Personality Inventory for DSM-5, and the Personality Assessment Inventory–Borderline Features Scale were used for BPD diagnosis and severity assessment. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on BPD-HiTOP-related and other maladaptive personality domains to identify the best predictive factors for BPD. Borderline personality disorder scales were created based on the regression algorithms. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and diagnostic efficiency statistics were used to assess the relative diagnostic efficiency of these scales.

Regression analyses indicated that negative affectivity and disinhibition significantly predicted BPD severity, whereas antagonism did not. The ROC analysis demonstrated that both the HiTOP-BPD algorithm (antagonism/negative affectivity) and the proposed BPD algorithm (disinhibition/negative affectivity) showed excellent accuracy. Regarding diagnostic validity, the proposed BPD algorithm exhibited higher sensitivity and specificity levels compared to the HiTOP-BPD algorithm.

These findings support the clinical utility of the disinhibition-negative affectivity algorithm in diagnosing BPD.

This study was conducted due to the importance of job satisfaction in chronic psychiatric patients and the lack of sufficient information about the associated variables.

The study aimed to assess the role of personality traits, cognitive performances, and perceived social support on job satisfaction among individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders employed in supportive-productive workshops in Semnan.

This cross-sectional study was conducted using a quantitative and descriptive-correlational regression method. It included 152 individuals (both male and female) with chronic psychiatric disorders employed in supportive-productive workshops in Semnan city in 2022. Participants were randomly selected through a lottery method. Data were gathered using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory by Costa and McCrae (1985), the Field and Roth Job Satisfaction questionnaire (1951), Zimet's (1988) scale for perceived social support, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (1996). Data analysis was performed using regression analysis with SPSS version 24.

The regression analysis illustrated that although neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, perceived social support, and cognitive performances had a significant predictive role on job satisfaction among patients with chronic psychiatric disorders, perceived social support and conscientiousness had the most significant effect, while cognitive performances had the least significant effect on predicting job satisfaction (P < 0.05).

It is recommended that authorities pay special attention to the perceived social support from society and family, as well as cognitive rehabilitation focusing on attention and concentration for individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of personality and early maladaptive schemas in predicting marital forgiveness with the mediation role of resilience in betrayed women suffering depression. 

The research method used descriptive correlation with structural equations. The statistical population of this research included all married women who experienced marital infidelity and were depressed and referred to the counseling centers of Dehdasht City, Iran, in 2023. The sample consisted of 162 people out of all 280 women who were selected through the purposeful sampling method. Research tools included the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Family Forgiveness Scale, the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised, the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS). Pearson's correlation test and structural equations were utilized to analyze data. 

The structural model has an acceptable fit with the collected data (x2/df= 2.62, CFI= 0.937, GFI= 0.919, AGFI= 0.876, RMSEA= 0.078, and P= 0.055). 

The results showed that personality and early maladaptive schemas play a role in predicting marital forgiveness both directly and through the mediation of resilience in betrayed women with depression.