personality traits

The final stage of the patient's life, when death anxiety is experienced more intensely, is a difficult process that can bring positive and negative experiences for the nurse. The aim of the present study is to determine the Prediction of Death Anxiety based on Personality Traits and general health in nurses working in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Karaj City hospitals.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the present study was all the nurses of the special care departments of Karaj hospitals in the year 2022-2023. The samples were calculated by random multi-stage cluster method in the number of 122 people. Data collection instruments including demographic questionnaire, Templer Death Anxiety Scale, "NEO Five-Factor Inventory" and "General Health Questionnaire" were used. The validity of the instruments was calculated using the qualitative content validity method by 5 lecturer of  Faculty of Psychology of the Islamic Azad University of Karaj, and the reliability was calculated using the internal consistency method by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the instruments. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS . 26 .

Personality traits (β=-0.403 and P≤0.05), and general health (β=0.372 and P≤0.05) predict death anxiety in intensive care unit nurses. Also, the components of personality traits and general health components predict death anxiety in nurses of special care units.

Personality traits and general health predict death anxiety in intensive care unit nurses. Therefore, it is suggested that nursing officials consider related programs in order to promote the general health of nurses.

The academic performance of students is an index by which their learning and progress is judged, and many individual and environmental factors are effective in academic performance.

The present study aimed to develop a model of student's academic performance based on personality traits and academic engagement with the mediation of self-efficacy and academic motivation.

The research method was descriptive correlational and the statistical population of the present study included all students of Azad University, Science and Research Branch in 2018 and 2019 among them, 422 people were selected by available sampling method. The research tools include the NEO Five-Factor Inventory by Costa & McCrae (1989); the Academic Engagement Questionnaire by Reeve et al., (2013); the Self-Efficacy Scale by Sherer et al. (1982); the Academic Motivation Scale by Vallerand et al. (1992) and Educational Performance Test by Dortaj & Delavar (2005). The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data.

The results of the present study showed that the coefficient of the indirect path between academic engagement and academic performance through academic self-efficacy was significant (p<.01, β=.072). The indirect path coefficient between academic engagement and academic performance through academic demotivation was significant (p<.01, β=.056). The indirect path coefficient between neuroticism and academic performance through self-efficacy was significant (p<.01, β=-.050). The indirect path coefficient between conscientiousness and academic performance through internal academic motivation (p<.01, β=.064) and through academic demotivation (p<.01, β=.055) were significant. The indirect path coefficient between agreeableness and academic performance through internal academic motivation (p<0.01, β=.068) and academic demotivation (p<0.05, β=.034) were significant.

Personality traits and academic engagement predict academic performance with the mediation of self-efficacy and academic motivation. It is suggested to hold workshops with academic self-efficacy content to the officials, administrators, and teachers.

Emergency department (ED) nurses are exposed to cognitive failures, which refers to impaired perception, memory and motor function. Their personality traits seem to have a role in the occurrence of these failures. This study aims to determine the relationship between cognitive failure and personality traits of ED nurses in Urmia, Iran.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 165 nurses working in the EDs of hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences from February to May 2021. Data were collected using the cognitive failure questionnaire (CFQ) and the NEO five-factor personality inventory. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) were used to describe variables. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS software, version 22. The significant level was set at 0.05

The mean total score of CFQ was 1.56±0.78. Regarding the dimensions of CFQ, the highest mean score was for the distractibility dimension (1.66±0.77), while the lowest mean score was for the dimension of false triggering (1.42±0.93). Regarding personality traits, the highest mean score was for conscientiousness (29.98±6.74), while the lowest mean score was for neuroticism (21.21±6.56). We found a significant and negative correlation between cognitive failure (and its dimensions) and all personality traits (P<0.001). Furthermore, we identified a significant relationship between nurses’ cognitive failures and the use of sedatives (P=0.001), work shift (P<0.001), and satisfaction with salary (P=0.041). 

The cognitive failure level of ED nurses in Urmia is moderate. There is a significant relationship between their cognitive failure and personality traits. The nurses with high conscientiousness have fewer occupational cognitive failures. In contrast, those with high neuroticism have more occupational cognitive failures.

Overeating is one of the common problems in women, which is affected by various psychological factors in addition to physical factors. The aim of the present study is to explain the causal relationship between personality traits and overeating in female students based on the mediating role of psychological distress and lifestyle based on self-efficacy in weight control.

The method of this research was structural equation correlation. Its population included all male and female students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch in 1401, and the sample size was 356 people who were selected by available sampling method. The instruments used in this research included Gormali et al.'s binge eating scale (1982), Neo's five-factor questionnaire (1989), Clark et al.'s self-efficacy lifestyle questionnaire (1991), Lavibond and Lavibond's depression, anxiety, and stress scale (1995). The data obtained from the research were analyzed using maximum likelihood method and Imus version 24 software.

The results showed that the coefficient of the indirect path between the factors of conscientiousness (P=0.001) and extroversion (P=0.001) with overeating through a lifestyle based on self-efficacy in weight controll was negative and the coefficient of the indirect path Between the factor of neuroticism (P=0.001) and overeating through lifestyle based on self-efficacy was positive and significant. Also, the indirect path coefficient between the extroversion factor (P=0.001) and overeating through psychological distress was negative and the indirect path coefficient between the neuroticism factor (P=0.001) and overeating through psychological distress was positive and significant.
 

In general, it can be said that lifestyle based on self-efficacy in weight control and psychological distress play a mediating role in the relationship between personality traits and overeating. Therefore, therapists in the field of overeating are suggested to pay attention to effective psychological variables such as personality traits, self-efficacy and psychological distress in addition to pharmacological interventions.

Personality traits are the basis of stable patterns and emotional and behavioral functioning that affect the risk of contracting chronic diseases and people's ways of understanding health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the personality traits between cardiovascular patients and the individuals with a history of drug abuse.

The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study on 301 individuals (115 control group, 86 cardiovascular patients and 100 individuals with a history of drug addiction) in the form of convenience and available sampling in Karaj City in 2023. The data were collected using the ZKA personality questionnaire. After collecting the data, they were entered into SPSS version16 software. Independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis.

In the present study, the mean and standard deviation of the total age of the participants was 41.37±14.76. The participation consisted of 179 (59.4%) men and 122 (39.6%) women. In SS1, EX2, AC4, AG2, NE4, SS4, and EX3 aspects, statistically significant differences were observed between the groups of cardiovascular and the control. In the aspects of AC4, AG2, NE4, EX2, NE2, SS4 and NE and SS factors, a significant difference was observed between the individuals with a history of addiction and the control group.

Considering the relationship between personality traits and heart diseases and substance abuse, it is recommended that the results of this study be considered for prevention and appropriate intervention by doctors and health professionals, and these results can also be used to develop treatment programs.

Mental, behavioral and emotional disorders of children are formed under the influence of various factors. Among the factors affecting this process, we can mention the psychological characteristics of mothers. Based on this, the aim of this research was to predict children's mental disorders based on the personality traits and attachment styles of mothers. The research was of applied type and descriptive-correlation research method. The statistical population included mothers of preschool children and their children in the fall of 2021. From among the statistical population, 50 people were selected as a sample using available sampling method. The research tools included the attachment style questionnaire (Hazan and Shaver, 1987), the big 5 personality factor questionnaire (Costa and McCrae, 1995) and the children's abilities and problems questionnaire (Goodman, 1997). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression using SPSS version 23 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between mothers' neuroticism and all children's mental disorders. Also, the results indicated that mothers' secure attachment has a significant relationship with all children's mental disorders except behavior problems. In addition, mothers' avoidant attachment has a significant relationship with all children's mental disorders, except the problem with peers. Ambivalent attachment in mothers showed a significant relationship only with behavior problems, hyperactivity problems and the total score of mental disorders. Finally, regression analysis in this research showed that mothers' neuroticism and agreeableness can predict children's mental disorders.

The spiritual dimension of human life is one of the effective constructs in psychological health and wellbeing, which has received attention in recent years. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict spiritual wellbeing and spiritual capital based on personality traits, awareness, and tendency to consume halal food in the students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The statistical population of the study included all the students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2023-2024, of whom 300 were selected using the purposive sampling method. To collect the data, questionnaires on awareness and tendency to consume halal food, a short form of the spiritual well-being and capital questionnaire, and the Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis on the SPSS version 26 software. All ethical considerations were observed in this study, and the authors of the article declared no conflict of interest.

The results of the stepwise regression analysis showed that after entering the predictor variables, finally, subjective norm, awareness, openness to experience, and neuroticism could explain 22.0% of the variance in spiritual capital in four steps. Also, the prediction of spiritual wellbeing indicates that physical wellbeing, attitude towards halal food, neuroticism, and openness to experience were the strongest remaining predictors in the model, predicting 34.0% of the variance in spiritual well-being.

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be stated that awareness and attitude towards consuming halal food, along with personality traits, are recognized as essential factors that can be considered in relation to the spiritual life (spiritual capital and wellbeing) of students.

Personality traits and career path adaptability play a key role in nurses' job performance. The aim of the present study was the role of personality traits in the job performance of nurses with the mediation of career path adaptability.

The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population was the nurses of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The sample size of 220 nurses was selected by non-random (voluntary) sampling method. The data collection tools were Neo's (1985) personality traits questionnaires, Savikas and Profili's career path adaptability (2012) and Patterson's job performance (1970). Data analysis was done using SPSS and AMOS software version 24.

All the direct paths between personality traits and job performance and career path adaptability are significant. Also, the results of the Sobel test showed that the indirect paths of personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion and openness) and job performance of nurses with the mediation of career path adaptability were significant (P≤0.05). The model has a good fit.

Personality traits and career path adaptability are strong variables related to job performance. This means that nurses who have favorable personality traits and career path adaptability are expected to have better job performance.

Dark personality traits include a range of socially aversive personality traits that are associated with risky behaviors and other mental health risk factors. However, it is not clear which specific risky behaviors are associated with each Personality trait (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy and Sadism) outlined in this conceptual framework.

Examining the Relationship Between Dark Tetrad of Personality and Domain-Specific Risk-taking Behavior Among Iranian Young People was the aim of this study.

The Research Design for this study is based on Descriptive Correlational Research method, A sample of 848 Young people was selected with the convenience sampling method from the Tehran using an online research platform. Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) Scale and the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) were used for data collection. The data were Analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and Stepwise regression using SPSS version 26.

The correlation matrix of the research variables demonstrated that all components of the Dark Tetrad of Personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Sadism) are positively correlated with various domains of risk-taking (Social, Recreational, Gambling, Health/Safety, and Ethical). Among the four personality traits, Psychopathy and Sadism show the highest correlation, while Narcissism and Machiavellianism demonstrate a weaker correlation with risk-taking behaviors. Additionally, only Machiavellianism and Narcissism were linked to risky investments.

 In conclusion, for more accurate clinical decision-making concerning the relationship between Dark Personality traits and risky behaviors, it is essential to consider the specific and unique relationship between the traits and domains

Communication skills are an effective way to improve the quality of care and increase job satisfaction. Considering the tremendous impact of communication skills and attention to the dimensions of people's personality, which has a significant impact on people's job satisfaction, the purpose of this study is to determine communication skills and its relationship with personality traits and job satisfaction in nurses of hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences.

This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. This study was conducted with a simple random cluster sampling method on 184 nurses from hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences. Information was collected through online questionnaires of communication skills, job satisfaction and personality traits. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. In this study, p was considered less than 0.05.

According to the results of this study, communication skills and personality traits have 47% ability to predict job satisfaction. Also, 65.9% of the participants have average job satisfaction.

Considering that in this study, nurses' job satisfaction was at an average level. Therefore, managers and relevant officials should take measures to improve the job satisfaction of nurses, who are one of the pillars of the medical staff.

Occupational hearing loss is mainly caused by exposure to high noise levels, and many individual and environmental factors playing a role in its development. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of personality traits on the relationship between the perception of noise risk and the degree of occupational hearing loss.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 workers exposed to noise levels above 85 dB in a manufacturing industry. Risk perception was assessed using a risk perception questionnaire, while personality traits were measured using the HEXACO personality questionnaire. The degree of hearing loss was measured using a MEVOX-SA900 audiometric device. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 software, which included calculations of means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling using AMOS version 24.

The average total hearing loss was 8.61 dB, and 79% of workers had normal hearing. The average score for workers' overall risk perception was 73.95±6.19. Among the personality traits, emotionality had the highest score, while honesty had the lowest score. Two components of general risk perception, including risk perception and attitude, as well as the personality trait emotionality, showed a positive and significant correlation with hearing loss. However, personality traits did not show a significant correlation with risk perception.

Higher risk perception does not necessarily mean less hearing loss, therefore other variables such as employee personality traits should also be considered when planning hearing protection programs.

The purpose of the current research was to compare the personality traits, ambiguity tolerance and life expectancy of people satisfied and dissatisfied with the corona vaccine injection.

The current research was of comparative causal type. The statistical population of the present study included all vaccinated people in Karaj city. Among the statistical population, and according to Cochran’s formula, 306 people were selected using available sampling method. The data collection tools were Neo Personality Questionnaire, Snyder et al.’s Life Expectancy Questionnaire and McLean’s Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for data analysis.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between ambiguity tolerance, factorial thinking subscales of life expectancy and neuroticism and agreeableness personality traits in the satisfied and dissatisfied groups of corona vaccination.

According to the results, it can be concluded that psychological factors can be effective in the level of satisfaction with vaccination and paying attention to these factors in epidemics such as the corona epidemic can help health professionals to encourage people to inject vaccines.

Body dysmorphic disorder can have detrimental effects on academic achievement and constructive activities in the lives of adolescents.

This research aims to predict body dysmorphic disorder based on personality traits and cognitive distortions, with the mediating role of emotional regulation difficulty in female students.

The research employs a descriptive and correlational approach, relying on a structural model and path analysis. The population includes all female students aged 14 to 18 in Sanandaj during the academic year 2022-2023. A sample of 210 individuals was selected through convenience sampling, responding to questionnaires on emotional regulation difficulties (2004), personality traits (1992), cognitive distortions (2009), and body dysmorphic disorder (2013). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and Amos version 26.

The results showed that the model predicting body dysmorphic disorder based on the research variables had a good fit. Cognitive distortions (p < 0.01, t = 5.44), neuroticism (p < 0.01, t = 5.99), and emotional regulation difficulty (p < 0.01, t = 3.92) had direct positive and significant effects. Extraversion (p < 0.01, t = -4.71) and conscientiousness (p < 0.01, t = -3.41) had direct negative and significant effects on body dysmorphic disorder. Additionally, the indirect effect of cognitive distortions (p < 0.05, β = 0.059), neuroticism (p < 0.05, β = 0.041), and extraversion (p < 0.05, β = -0.068) on body dysmorphic disorder through the mediation of emotional regulation difficulty was significant.

Based on the results of neuroticism cognitive distortions are significant factors influencing body dysmorphic disorder. Therefore, it is recommended that school counselors conduct training courses addressing cognitive distortions, improving neuroticism, and enhancing emotional management skills.