جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « pharmacology » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The invention of artificial intelligence has changed the way of life in general. Currently, artificial intelligence is used throughout the pharmacology research and the field of drug discovery, and this technology has the power to revolutionize the drug discovery process and improve efficiency, accuracy, and time of process.

In this review article, the results of the published articles were systematically analyzed into the topics of artificial intelligence application in pharmacology, drug industry and drug discovery. The information obtained from the above articles was also classified and reviewed in the same order.

The review of 88 revealed the benefits of using artificial intelligence including the expansion and improvement of structures in the drug design process (such as the drug INS018-055 for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis), better prediction of the effect of the ligand on the receptor, and better cooperation of the health care providers. Disadvantages were the problems of scientific decision-making with artificial intelligence, ethical concerns in the field of pharmaceuticals and recognition of the limitations of approaches based on artificial intelligence. Strengthening neural networks of databases, integration of artificial intelligence with traditional experimental methods, as well as the use of in silico computer tools facilitate the possibility of solving problems.

The optimal use of artificial intelligence approaches will lead to the acceleration of the drug discovery process, therefore, it is necessary to carry out more studies related to the effect of artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical research.

Hospitals, patients, researchers, and healthcare organizations are producing enormous amounts of data in both the healthcare and drug detection sectors. With continued development of cheap data storage and availability of smart devices in the world, the influence of big data (BD) will continue to grow. This influence has also carried over to healthcare. The volumes of data available in the fields of pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics are constantly increasing. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the applications of big data technology in the field of pharmaceutics.

Using the mixed methods approach, this study was conducted in two phases in winter 2023. In the first phase, the applications of big data technology were identified by library search and assessed by content analysis. In the second phase, applications were ranked by a panel of experts, including 17 experts who worked in the Iranian pharmaceutical industry. The stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method was used for ranking the application of big data in pharmaceutics.

The present study examined the importance of big data applications in pharmaceutics. The results showed that drug discovery (0.263) and clinical study analysis (0.224) had the highest importance, followed by drug efficacy and performance (0.197), drug safety (0.170) and drug personalization (0.146).

The present study detailed a substantial attempt to review the existing literature regarding the implementation of big data and to rank big data applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Big data can help researchers to better discover and develop drugs and understand the effects of drugs and other chemicals on the human body. As a result, it can help improve the safety and efficacy of drugs and other chemicals. Also, big data can help to improve the accuracy of predictions regarding the effects of drugs and chemicals, which can improve safety in drug development and help to avoid potential adverse drug interactions. The applications considered in this study are ultimately necessary for humanity, and big data may significantly impact the betterment of these domains. Big data has a revolutionary potential, providing new ways to understand and predict the effects of drugs. BD will possibly play an important role in pharmaceutics in future, critically helping to drug discovery and improve drug safety and efficacy.

Manuscripts, as living and dynamic objects representing different dimensions of life in the past, are a valuable heritage and one of the most important ways to perceive and preserve the culture and identity of any nation. In addition to smoothing the path for research, introducing these works will perpetuate and transfer them to future generations. Accordingly, one of the influential medical manuscripts of the Indian subcontinent under the title of Takmila Hindi is introduced in this research. The current research is a descriptive-analytical method with a library approach, which was conducted based on the only manuscript Takmila Hindi available in Iran. Hakīm Ahlullāh Dehlawī is one of the scientists and physicians of the 12th century AH, who, in addition to medical works, also has writings in the field of jurisprudence, beliefs and conduct. Takmila Hindi is one of the most important medical works of this author in Persian language. This book includes an introduction, description of 158 monographs, description of diseases and treatments in 22 chapters, and a list of contents at the end of the book. In addition to introduction of the Indian school of medicine, approved medicines and the use of some Indian terms and weights and quantities have been discussed in this book.

Increasing widespread resistance in all available antibiotics, as well as the risk of using other germicidal agents, leads research to search for additional and new antimicrobial methods. Recently cold plasma (CP) and nanoparticles are used for microbial disinfection, wound healing and cancer treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the antimicrobial properties, various methods of synthesis and stabilization of nanoparticles along with cold plasma technology. Atmospheric and how it affects the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in the food industry and clinical departments.

In the present review, articles published from 2011 to 2023 were used and scientific information databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus have been used.

Bacteria can be deactivated by the effect of agents in cold plasma including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS), UV radiation and charged particles. Among the effective species of ROS, ozone, superoxide, peroxide, etc., and among the species of RNS, atomic nitrogen, and excited nitrogen can be mentioned. Also, charged particles can be used directly and indirectly for antimicrobial purposes.

Cold plasma can be used to improve the health of food, destroy bacterial biofilms, destroy pathogenic microorganisms, inactivate spores, and also deactivate viruses. In spite of the mentioned effects of cold plasma and the low pollution after its processing, for its full acceptance, its environmental and human approaches should be considered along with its effectiveness.

Capparis decidua (Kair) is an important economic plant belonging to the family of Capparaceae. This plant is mainly found in desert areas, and is resistant to temperature, salinity, and drought stresses. This species is valuable for medicinal purposes, food (fruits and pickles), providing animal fodder, fuel wood, and timber. C. decidua is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-diabetic, anti-worm, anti-bacterial, anti-acne and blister, toothache relief, anti-fertility, and as an appetizer. It also has beneficial effects in the treatment of various diseases such as asthma, diabetes, liver disorders, blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and microbial infections. The present review introduces the traditional uses, herbal chemical compounds, and medicinal properties of this widely used plant.

The present study is a review article that was conducted by an electronic search in Civilica, SID, Springer, PubMed, Science Direct, and Willy.

These medicinal properties are due to the presence of herbal compounds such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, sterols, vitamins and fatty acids in the extract of different parts of Kair. In spite of its medicinal value, C. decidua has been neglected in both traditional medicine and scientific research in Iran.

A review of the studies conducted in Iran shows that the medicinal value of C. decidua in Iran has been neglected both in traditional medicine and in scientific research, and the present research can provide information to those interested in the field of medicinal plants. It can also provide the basis for further studies on this valuable plant.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between the components of clinical pharmacology curriculum and clinical skills of nursing students.

The statistical population of this descriptive cross-sectional study includes nursing students of the Bandar Abbas School of Midwifery Nursing. Samples were collected by census. The data based on the student's opinion regarding the relationship between curriculum components and practical skills, was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed based on the results of Pearson's correlation test in SPSS software.

The results showed that the percentage of students who ranked the role of curriculum components including goals, environment and educational facilities, teaching method, evaluation method, educational content with the expected skills of the clinical stage as medium , were 39.3, 37.1, 47.4, and 33.2, respectively. The correlation of curriculum components with clinical pharmacology skill was lower than other clinical skills."

In order to improve knowledge and acquire the necessary skills, the elements of the clinical pharmacology curriculum should be reviewed in all aspects, so that the necessary qualifications will be acquired by nursing graduates in this field.

The majority of nursing students believed that their knowledge in the field of pharmacology is far from the desired level, which can be due to the large volume of intensive one-semester content and ineffective teaching of the pharmacology course. Accordingly, this study has determined and compared education with the mobile application and puzzle classroom on memorization of pharmacology course for undergraduate nursing students.

This quasi-experimental study was performed between 2020-2021. Seventy, 4th and 5th semester nursing students were divided into two groups using a table of random numbers. One group was taught through the mobile application and the other group was taught through the puzzle classroom. Before and one month after the intervention, students were tested in clinical reasoning. Data were analyzed using software version 16 and independent t-test, paired t-test and descriptive statistics.

The findings of this study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the memorization score of the pharmacology course of the puzzle classroom with education through mobile application compared to before and after the intervention and also in comparison between the two groups.

Based on the findings of this study, both puzzle classroom and teaching through mobile application can be used to enhance learning pharmacology among undergraduate students.

 The revival of a nation's material and spiritual identity requires the revival of that nation's historical heritage, and manuscripts are part of this valuable heritage. Mifṭāh al-Aṭṭārīn is one of these valuable books that have been written about science of simple medicines and Pharmacology. This article was attempted to introduce this book and its author and also investigate why it and its author has remained anonymity in the Iranian scientific community.

 The present research has been done with a descriptive-analytical approach and based on the collection of research files from library studies.

Ethical Considerations:

 During this research process, while referring to the mentioned context, not only has it been tried that the principle of fidelity and loyalty as well as originality of resources to be taken in account, but it also has been tried to avoid bias in referring to the texts or analyzes.

 The book of Mifṭāh al-Aṭṭārīn, written by Sa’d al-Din Marghīnānī, which was written between the seventh and ninth centuries AH, consists of two articles. The first article contains information about the science of pharmacy and the second one describes separately simple medicines. This article was been introduced this book and its author and also investigated the political, social, religious and even geographical conditions of that time.

 The present article has considered the political, social and scientific situation in the Islamic lands after the Mongol invasion, as the reason why the book and its author remain unknown, because the Mongol domination, on the one hand, led to the stagnation and lack of dynamism of the scientific fields, and on the other hand, due to the lack of integration, political stability and security, caused the rupture of communication between them.

 Due to its antiquity, medical science has left achievements in every land, and the holders of this knowledge have long had methods for transmitting their achievements. One of the important goals of this research is to; After the writing of medical topics by physicians and the spread of medical works in the Islamic era, what texts did students use in teaching therapeutic profession? And can we refer to a method or measure in teaching and learning in these textbooks, or have the medical works all had a specific content, design and format? Another important point is which works were considered among pharmacy and pharmacology students and what texts did the professors use to test the skills of medical students?

 The present research, by identifying important medical and historical sources and arranging and processing the data extracted from them, has described and analyzed the contents and in new researches and classical texts, has sought to identify the unknowns related to educational materials.

Ethical Considerations:

 In reference to texts and sources, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

 The findings of this study indicate that from the first centuries of the Islamic period, important works were considered by professors and students, some of which were translated texts that were pre-written for years or centuries or were written by the best physicians of that period.

 In the Islamic era (Golden Age) due to the importance and comprehensiveness of some medical works, these writings or translations were introduced as textbooks at different levels of education and because it was necessary for students to learn and master the topics discussed in them; Apart from using some methods in facilitating education, students in different fields of medicine were sometimes tested to know the skills of scholars based on specific texts.

The issue of criminal responsibility in sport is one of the challenges in the field of criminal law. One of the principles of this ethical framework is the issue of physical empowerment of athletes without the use of prescription drugs. The deliberate use of drugs to gain supremacy is far from ethical. With the rise of doping due to the materials nowadays, it has been widely agreed that the use of drugs for healthy competition among athletes is in conflict. Athletes who fail to comply with ethics are subject to disciplinary and criminal sanctions. This article examines the approach of the Iranian and German legal systems as well as preventive measures in the use of prescription drugs. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The method of collection is based on library studies. In this article we will compare the comparative law of doping in German and Iranian sport. According to German penal code, the use of narcotic drugs is referred to high officials and sentenced to imprisonment on a case-by-case basis, but in Iran the disciplinary committee rules are inadequate.

 The research method is descriptive-analytical, with a comparative approach.The collection method is based on library studies.

The principles of originality, integrity and honesty have been adhered to throughout the process of writing this paper.

The recognition of energizing drugs and their typology and consumption have been considered throughout human history. Importantly, human doping, like all new sciences, is interesting and fascinating and shows enthusiasm for the use and exploitation of new methods. With criminalization in this field, it seems that by increasing weight, the consumption of energy-enhancing drugs will be reduced and athletes will try to compete healthy in this field. It seems that with criminalization in Iran, we will see a decrease in the use of these drugs.

Sports is one of the basic categories that, at the same time as the appearance of man on earth, due to the needs of human society, physical training has been paid attention to as one of the most important matters and necessary for the survival of human life. Socialization is a part of the evolution of human personality by which a person prefers group values over individual values and replaces them with individual values. Today, in all stages of human societies, sport is a valuable thing and due to the progress of societies and the discovery of new knowledge in the field of energizing drugs, sports and new technology and addressing doping issues and helping to increase the level of knowledge and general awareness of doctors, coaches, athletes and To reduce the demand for drugs, we need strict and serious laws. Considering the availability of powerful drugs and the lack of proper knowledge among the youth and the complications of its use and the lack of prevention in this regard, the number of its users will increase every day.Please cite this article as:Javanmard B, Abdollahi S. Criminal Liability of Athletes in the Use of Energy Drugs (Doping) in Iran and Germany. Medical Law Journal. 2022; 16(57): e41.