planned behavior theory

The emphasis of scientific resources on the importance of emotional and psychological support from fathers for mothers of premature infants hospitalized in the intensive care unit, along with the lack of an educational package designed to empower fathers in supporting mothers based on health promotion models and theories, led to this study, with the aim of determining the effect of spousal support training for fathers based on the Planned Behavior Theory on the perceived support of mothers with premature infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

This semi-experimental study was an educational intervention conducted in 2023 on 96 fathers whose infants were hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit due to prematurity. Sampling was done using a convenience method, and allocation of samples was performed through random selection. For the intervention group, two face-to-face counseling sessions were held, and a researcher-made pamphlet and educational package were provided to the fathers. The control group received only the standard educational pamphlets available in the hospital. Demographic information questionnaires, a specific spousal support questionnaire during the postpartum period, and a researcher-made scale measuring spousal support based on the Planned Behavior Theory were completed before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

According to paired t-test results, there was no significant difference in scores for attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, behavior, and perceived support from mothers before and after training in the control group (P>0.05). In contrast, in the intervention group, scores immediately after training and one month later were significantly higher compared to before training (P<0.05). Regarding the comparison of dependent variables between the intervention and control groups, this study's results indicated that the mean differences in scores for attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, behavior from fathers, and perceived support from mothers in the intervention group compared to the control group were significant (P<0.05). Based on repeated measures ANOVA results, in the intervention group, scores for attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, behavior from fathers, and perceived support from mothers at three time points (before, immediately after, and one month after) showed significant differences (P<0.001), whereas this difference was not significant in the control group.

The findings of this study indicated that training spousal support for fathers based on the Planned Behavior Theory significantly affects mothers' perceived support as well as fathers' attitudes, subjective norms, intentions, and behaviors regarding their premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Given these results, it is recommended to educate and empower fathers of hospitalized premature infants regarding their support for mothers.

The theory of planned behavior is known to be themost useful theory for better understanding of the predictors of drug abuse. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors predicting the intention to drugs abuse based on the theory of planned behavior in couples referring to the premarital counseling center in East Ahvaz Health Center in 2019.

This cross-sectional analytical study based on correlational assessment was conducted on among all couples who referred to the counseling center. Totally, 360 couples were randomly selected from the couples' file number. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including drug use and the theory of planned behavior. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential tests such as multiple regression and logistic were used in SPSS version 16. A significance level of 0.05 was also considered. At all stages, ethical considerations were considered.

There observed a significant difference between the average constructs of the theory of planned behavior and demographic variables (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between behavioral intention and demographic variables of the participants (p>0.05). The results of regression analysis showed that perceived behavioral control and subjective norms together predict approximately 37% of changes in behavioral intention.

The theory of planned behavior is a suitable predictor for drugs abuse. It is suggested to use this theory in educational programs of different levels of drug abuse prevention

Smoking, especially Hookah, is one of the major behavioral problems in the field of health which has become more widespread among young people and adolescents in recent years. Despite the implementation of various programs to reduce this behavior in Iran, it seems that little attention has been paid to the use of behavioral patterns to design effective interventions in this area. The aim of this study was to determine the effective components of adolescents and young people's tendency to use hookah: an application of the theory of planned behavior in Yasuj.

This study was a cross-sectional study that was implemented in the first months of 2019 to assess the factors affecting the intention to quit Hookah in young people living in Yasuj. 157 people aged 15 to 30 years old hung out at coffee houses and amusement gardens in the tourist area of Yasuj waterfall were selected by available sampling method and a questionnaire measuring the structures of the theory of planned behavior was completed for them. In the present study, descriptive statistics in the form of frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation as well as analytical statistics in the form of multiple linear regression were used. SPSS software version 25 was used for data analysis.

Results

The highest frequency of study participants were men with a mean age of 20± 2 years, higher education, and living in urban areas. In more than 70% of the participants, the history of Hookah use was mentioned among family members (brother and father, respectively, with the highest frequency). More than 96% of the participants had friends who smoked Hookah and their average first age of hookah use was 16.88±2.77 years. More than 63% of the participants mentioned coffee and coffee shops as the usual places for Hookah use. Among the constructs of the theory of planned behavior, the predictive power of the perceived behavioral control construct for the intention to quit Hookah use was higher than other constructs. Based on this finding, an intervention was designed including the production and installation of posters and labels containing the message of reinforcing perceived behavioral control (p< 0.001).

  Due to the small role of patterns and theories of behavioral change in reducing Hookah use in Iran, it seems that interventions based on structures with more predictive power such as perceived behavioral control structures in the present study, can have different effects, comparing to routine schedules.

The high prevalence of childhood dental caries is one of the most common dental problems and mother’s participation in oral health programs can decrease the caries rate. Undoubtedly, one of the applicable strategies is health education and one of the most effective training models is the Planned Behavior Theory. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify influential factors that predict motherchr('39')s health behaviors about their children’s oral health based on the Planned Behavior Theory in Khaf city in 2019.

This cross-sectional study was performed by 200 mothers with children under three who were randomly selected from the mothers referred to Khaf Health Centers. Data collection was conducted through a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The questionnaire included demographic information, knowledge questions and Planned Behavior Theory structures. Data were analyzed by SPSS20 using descriptive statistics, regression and Pearson correlation coefficient at a significant level of 0.05.

Our results showed that motherschr('39') average score for knowledge was 17.55 ± 5.75, for attitude, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention was 42.49 ± 4.61and 17.40 ± 2.89 and 47.3 ± 9.43 respectively. The motherschr('39') average score of subjective norms was 32.66±4.80 and average score of behavior was 24.86± 8.76. Based on the results of the linear regression test, predictors of health behavior include behavioral intent (β = 0.198, P = 0.002), and subjective norms (Β = 0.432, P < 0.001), and predicted 28.8% of behavior variance. Structures of attitude (Β = 0.199, P = 0.003) and subjective norms (Β = 0.287, P < 0.001) explained 13.8% of behavioral
intention variance.

Planned Behavior Theory can predict a part of oral health behaviors. The results of this study showed the application of this theory with emphasis on promoting abstract norms and the intention to perform behavior in educational interventions have effective results.

Physical activity, especially in women, decreases with age, which can lead to disabling fractures in the elderly. In this study, we investigated the factors related to physical activity based on the theory of planned behavior in retired women in Rasht City from 2017 to 2018.

This analytical cross-sectional study was included 196 female members of ten active retirement centers in Rasht City in 2017. We designed a questionnaire on the basis of Ajzenchr('39')s planned behavioral model which included ​​regular physical activity, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, attitude, and subjective norms. A standardized physical activity questionnaire was used for the elderly. The method of data collection was an interview. Using SPSS software version 16, data were analyzed by a descriptive statistical method and Pearson correlation coefficient. p<0.05 was considered significant.

The results showed that the mean value for the physical activity of the elderly was 329.18±28.18, which was about %82 of the PASE tool score. Planned behavior theory constructs and underlying demographic variables had no significant effect on PASE. We found a significant relationship between behavioral intention and perceived behavioral control, and also between attitude and perceived behavioral control. Attitude had significant correlations with behavioral intention and subjective norms.

Although the relationship between planned behavior model constructs and physical activity were not significant in this study, planned behavior theory constructs had significant relationships with one another.

Donors can contribute to the funding, resource generation, and provision of healthcare services in the Iran health system. Several factors can influence the donors’ contribution to the health system. This study aimed to explain and predict the donors’ participation in the Iran health system.

A qualitative and inductive study was performed using semi-structured interviews with 38 donors and 26 policymakers and managers in the Social Affairs Department of the Ministry of Health and the Universities of Medical Sciences in 2018. The interviewees were recruited using a purposeful and snowball method. The thematic content analysis method was used for data analysis. All major ethical considerations were observed in this research.

Healthcare donors followed a purposeful and planned behavior for contributing to the health system. Nine factors can influence a donor’s charitable behavior in the health system, including goal, intention, attitude, norms (ethical, descriptive, and subjective norms), personal characteristics, background knowledge, experience, past behavior, and control of perceived behavior. The donors’ participation in the health system is a function of their goals, intentions, attitudes, and their control of perceived behavior. The donors’ attitude is shaped by their characters, background knowledge, experience, past behavior, and ethical, descriptive, and subjective norms.

The purposeful and planned behavior model developed in this study guides healthcare managers and policymakers in explaining and predicting the donors’ charitable behavior in the health system.

Regular physical activity as an important health promoting behavior can prevent or delay the development of chronic diseases. The purpose of the present study was to determine the factors related to exercising based on the “Theory of Planned Behavior “in boys in in Ijrod City of Zanjan.

The present study is descriptive-correlational. In this research, a sample of 185 boys in the city of Yazd, Zanjan, was selected through Cochran's formula by cluster random sampling. Data were collected through demographic questionnaire and "Planned Behavior Theory Questionnaire" in 6 sections. Content validity Index and reliability were measured by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using LISREL software version 8/8 and SPSS.22.

Attitude to exercise (β = 32.5) and control of perceived behavior about exercise (β = 31.1) has a positive correlation with the intention to exercise. In addition, the subjective norm to exercise (β = 27.9) has positive and direct correlation with the intention to exercise. Controlling perceived behavior about exercise (β=27.1) was indirect correlation with exercise by intention to exercise (β = 62.0).

Attitude to exercise and subjective norms about exercising by explaining more than 88% of the variance in the intention to exercise was an important factor in explaining the intention to exercise. Therefore, it is suggested that factors associated with attitude and subjective norms regarding the exercise of non-athlete boys should be considered in order to maintain exercise.

 Lifestyle is important in doing healthy behaviors by students as an important part of a community has important role.  Measurement tools that are used to determine the achivment of research’s goals in each study need to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of a healthy lifestyle measurement scale for high school students based on the theory of planned behavior in Iran. In this psychometric study, after conducting library studies and using research in the city of Rafsanjan, the initial questionnaire designed and it was used to determine the validity of the tool by face and content validity from the views of 10 high school students and 10 experts in Health education and epidemiology. Determining the reliability of the tool was done using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.  In a little narrative, the coefficient of influence of all items was more than 1/5. The ratio of validity was between 0/62 and 1 and the content validity index of each section was greater than 0.79, all of which were acceptable. The reliability of the questionnaire was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was calculated for knowledge (0/74), attitude (0/70), mental norms(0/73), perceived behavioral control(0/85), behavioral intention(0/ 85)  and behavioral 0/70,was estimated.  The findings showed that the lifestyle of students based on the theory of planned behavior has a useful and acceptable validity and reliability. And can be used by researchers.

►Please cite this article as follows
Ahmadi Y, Abdolkarimi M, Seyadi A, Asadpour M. Validity and Reliability of the Healthy Lifestyle Measurement Scale of First-Level Students  Based on Theoryof Planned Behavior. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. 2019; 6 (3):157-67

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common hematic disorder in infants and children, and is regarded as a major health problem. The easiest way to prevent this disorder is to take iron supplements on a daily basis (i.e., iron supplementation). The current study aimed to determine the effect of education to mothers based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on iron drop intake of infants and children aged 6 to 24 months.
This is a randomized, controlled field clinical trial incorporating 100 mothers with 6-20 month infants from Ferdows city. Two healthcare centers were selected as case and control groups by simple randomization method. Eligible participants were then selected from each center by systematic sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data based on demographics and TPB constructs. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire was validated according to expert view. The data were analyzed in IBM SPSS software using Chi-Square, Independent T, Fisher’s exact T, Paired T, and Cochran tests.
Before the educational intervention, control and case groups were not significantly different in terms of TPB constructs’ mean scores. However, after intervention, mean scores of attitude increased from 34.69±3.391 to 39.82±4.260; abstract norms increased from 23.58±2.532 to 26.60±2.942; perceived behavioral control from 14.20±2.109 to 17.56±2.082; and behavioral intention from 19.26±2.293 to 22.32±2.691. While these differences were significant in the case group, the differences were not significant in the control group.
TPB-based education provided to mothers can be contributory to the prevention of behaviors leading to iron deficiency anemia in children.

Adolescents and youth are the most vulnerable groups concerning tobacco use. The present study was performed to determine predictors of intention and preventive behaviors of tobacco use among students based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs.
An analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Stratified sampling was used to select the participants. In order to collect the data, a validated and reliable questionnaire was designed based on the TPB. Participants fill out the questionnaire in a self-reporting form. Data were entered in SPSS 20 and analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and logistic regression model.
The students’ attitude and perceived behavioral control predicted 41% of the variations of their behavioral intention. Meanwhile, the perceived behavioral control could predict 32% of the participants’ behavioral variation. There were significant correlations between the participants’ attitude and their behavioral intention, the participants’ perceived behavioral control and their behavioral intention, as well as between perceived behavioral control of the students and their behavior of tobacco use (p The students’ perceived behavioral control would be a strong predictor for their intention to use tobacco and the students’ preventative performance of tobacco use.

Introduction and Fruits and vegetables as parts of healthy food system are recommend. Individuals who have high consumption of fruits and vegetables، less likely to involve overweight and danger of encountering to cordial disease and special type of cancer is reduced. Consumption of fruit and vegetable lead to safe from type 2 diabetes، brain strike، long term pulmonary diseases، eye cataract، blood pressure and intestine disease. This cross-sectional analytic study implemented on 200 citizen in Ilam by random sampling. Data gathering tools is questionnaire include constructions of developed planned behavior theory. Attitudes، habits، and intention have impact directly on consumption of fruit and vegetables. However attitude and habits affected consumption of fruit and vegetables thereby intention. Based on general effect of variables after habits، attitude was the second factor that predict the consumption. Mental norms have no significant direct effect on consumption of fruit and vegetables. Hygienic theories such as planned behavior theory، can help to predicting and planning healthy behaviors. Planned behavior theory can be used for planning and intervening in order to preventing of disease.

More than half of sexual problems that destruct life and marital relations occur due to insufficient knowledge or mistaken beliefs about sexual relations. Planned behavior model as an important theory explains the main process of health behaviors’ acceptance. This study surveys planned behavior model in predicting sexual practices of married women referring to Mashhad1 health centers in 2011. This cross-sectional study surveyed 200 women visiting health centers of Mashhad1 in 2011. Validity and reliability of questionnaire used were determined through panel of experts and Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.5) using Pierson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Based on the results obtained significant correlations were observed between all variables of the planned behavior model and sexual intention and function (p<0.05). Regression analysis revealed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control predict 0.45 of the variance of sexual intention. Among these variables, the effect of subjective norms was greater than other variables (p<0.05). According to the findings, it is essential that health practitioners to emphasize on proper sex education and use planned behavior theory as a model for promotion of female sexual function.

Pedestrian injuries are a significant source of mortality and disability among children and Prevention of it requires educational strategies and comprehensive approaches. This study was done to determine The effect of health education based on Planned Behavior Theory (TPB) in promotion of safe Behaviors in crossing the road among students, who are in four-grade in the primary school in Tehran City, in 2010-2011. In this experimental study, 160 students (80 girls and 80 boys) were selected randomly from among schools of Districts 4 of Tehran and were categorized in two group of experimental and control, 80 in each group. After need assessment based on planned behavior theory, suitable educational intervention was designed and implemented for the experimental group. The data were collected by the questionnaire. Two groups were followed-up two-month after completion of intervention. Finally data collected and analyzed by SPSS16 software. There were no significant differences in demographic factors and constructs of model between the two groups before intervention. Significant differences were observed in behavioral intention(P<0/0001), perceived power(P<0/0001), control beliefs(P<0/0001), perceived behavioral control(P<0/0001), motivation comply(P<0/0001), normative beliefs(P<0/0001), outcome evaluation(P<0/0001), behavioral beliefs(P<0/0001), and safe behaviors of crossing the road (P<0/0001) between the two groups after intervention. Our findings showed that educational intervention based on planned behavior theory can be an effective method in promotion of safe Behaviors in crossing the road in students.

Using IT for preventing unpleasant events due to medical errors، decrease of death and length of stay is attended more than before. The aim of this study was nurses’ understanding of IT acceptance according to IT acceptance model. It was a descriptive-analytic study. 47 nurses، working in ICU were chosen through available method from three chosen hospitals of Tehran in 2012. Data collection tool was a questionnaire based on IT acceptance model and planned behavior theory by considering reliance variable. Relationship between the main construct of the model with Spearman test and simple regression test had been used for predicting relationship between IT acceptance model constructs. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 software and descriptive and inferential statistical tests. there was significant relationship (P=0. 02) between nurses’ education level with their reliance on IT. There was strong correlation between reliance and understanding ease of use. There wasn’t any correlation between attitude constructs، behavioral control and subjective norms with nurses’ trend to use IT. Behavioral trend to use IT is remarkably influenced by understanding ease of use. educational planners and IT managers can promote ICU nurses trend to use technology by strengthening constructs of perceiving ease of use، subjective norms and reliance