plato

Plato and Farabi are considered as two representatives of the rationalist and idealist currents of thought in ancient Greece and Islam, whose ethical approaches are prominent in their theories. The ethical ideas of these thinkers have a clear political and social character that the present study examines the good governance from their perspective. 

The present study is theoretical and the method of the research is descriptive-analytical which has done using library resources.

 In all stages of writing the article, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Good governance in Plato's ethical thought seeks to establish justice, the rule of law, and to place the philosopher-king at the top of the pyramid of the political system. From this point of view, justice in Plato's thought means moderation and harmony between the forces of society and the placement of each individual in a special place that is intended for him in the political system. But in Farabi's view, law and justice find a religious basis and the jurist-ruler replaces the philosopher-king. The implementation of the rules of Sharia is a fundamental principle in Farabi's political and social system, which is accompanied by a rational reading from the perspective of Greek wisdom. 

The system of good governance in Plato's ethical views can hardly be implemented, because it requires going beyond of the realities of society and build a political system by the philosopher-king; however the advantage of Plato's rule is that it considers justice, law and moderation in society to be rational and reformable. This thinking supported the idea of justice in the following centuries in the West. But on the other hand, in Farabi's views, there is a more realistic aspect that can build moderation in the model of Islamic governance based on the balance of wisdom and sharia. Therefore, Farabi's system of thought, based on the jurist-ruler, has operational capability and is built on the basis of ethical rules, including the principle of justice and the law of Sharia.

This study was conducted with the aim of conceptualizing open pedagogy in the thought and lifestyle of ancient philosophers and examining how it developed in the lives of societies of that time.

In terms of type of research is theoretical and qualitative research method is descriptiveanalytical. The statistical population, by the nature of the subject, includes all sources and documents related to open pedagogy and the educational perspective of ancient philosophers, including all electronic and written books, articles, magazines, sites and valid databases, dissertations and doctoral dissertations. The statistical sample is all available sources and documents related to the subject. The method of data collection is a library in which researchers have sufficiently studied and analyzed and filed all electronic and written books, articles, journals, sites and databases, dissertations and doctoral dissertations.

To answer the research question, the collected information was classified, analyzed and interpreted. From the collected information, 9 main categories: 1. Objective 2. Teacher 3. Student 4. Teaching method 5. Content and topic 6. Planning 7. School 8. Evaluation 9. Resources were extracted.

The results show that more of the sub-categories of purpose and teacher and a small number of sub-categories of student, teaching method, planning and school were in the educational perspectives and lifestyle of ancient philosophers and almost none of the sub-categories of subject and content were evaluation. And the sources were not in the educational views and lifestyles of the ancient philosophers.

From Plato to Farabi, and even to this day, man has been searching for earthly paradise. Both philosophers sought utopia. It seems that the disagreement of thinkers and purgatory with the seemingly incompatible ideal of the mental ideal and the objective gloomy reality has made it impossible for human beings to easily achieve the ideal utopia. Clarifying the differences between thinkers and their pathology may one day help humans reach Europe. This paper is written in a descriptive-documentary analysis and comparative approach. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between the ideas of Plato and Farabi in the field of medical law. To achieve this, it is necessary to go beyond the path of public law, because neither of these two thinkers has developed a specific treatise on medical law. Each of these two philosophers chose a path to achieve an ideal society. Plato resorted to pure idealism, or perhaps even extremism, to try to reach the utopia, while the ways in which Farabi reached the desired society, despite his idealistic attitude, were further refined. Given that al-Farabi had made changing and aligning with alteration a top priority for his knowledge, it seems that this attitude was much more reliable than Plato's approach and could lead man to an ideal society. Stability and change are the two key words in the path of Plato and Farabi's thought, all of Plato's ideas are based on stability and all of Farabi's ideas are based on change.