psychological

Family tensions occur between parents and can be perpetrated by either partner, weakening thefamily foundation. Domestic violence against men by women is a prevalent yet understudied issue. This qual-itative study aimed to explore the psychological and social factors that contribute to domestic violence againstmen by women.

This qualitative study employed thematic analysis to explore the psychological andsocial factors contributing to family tensions and violence against married men by women in Iran. Married menwho filed domestic violence complaints in Ilam, Iran (2023) participated in purposive group interviews. Therecruitment process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, meaning no new themes emerged fromsubsequent interviews. A total of 16 men participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews with open-endedquestions focused on participants’ experiences with family tensions and violence. These interviews were audio-recorded with participant consent. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the collected data, with themesand sub-themes identified and analyzed using MAXQDA 2022 software.

Thematic analysis revealed112 codes, 30 subthemes, and 6 main themes that emerged as the underlying psychological and social factorscontributing to domestic violence against men by women in the Iranian context. These main themes were: lowpsychological resilience, emotional dissatisfaction of the wife, gender role conflict, female chauvinism, marriagebased on materialistic goals, and perceived violations of marital vows.

Men with low self-esteemand societal pressures on gender roles were more likely to experience domestic violence by their wives. Inter-estingly, some wives held more power due to their financial or educational status. Materialistic marriages andbroken vows further increased the risk of violence. These findings call for a multifaceted approach in Iran, ad-dressing both men’s mental health and societal issues, while also creating support systems for male victims.

The total fertility rate has declined in certain countries, dropping below the replacement level. The attitudes and desires of some families regarding having children have also shifted. To cultivate positive societal views on childbearing, there is a need for updated educational initiatives, such as a multi-theory model. Although the multi-theory model has been used in various contexts to facilitate health behavior change, with its effectiveness validated in predicting and influencing behaviors, there has been no documented use of this model in the context of fertility, either in Iran or globally. Developing fertility encouragement programs requires cultural sensitivity and attention to accepted social norms and customs, which can enhance program efficacy. We believe the Multi-Theory Model can be effective and useful in encouraging couples to increase fertility.

Suicide resiliency has gained increasing attention from researchers because it can serve as a protective factor against suicide, although it has not been thoroughly studied in adolescents.

This study examined the structural relationship between cognitive reactivity and early life experiences with suicide resiliency, with psychological pain serving as a mediator.

A total of 300 high school students aged 15 - 19 in Lorestan province were selected through cluster sampling. To collect data, the following tools were used: The Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity-Revised, the Early Life Experiences Scale (ELES), the Suicide Resilience Inventory (SRI-25), and the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP). Structural equation modeling was employed to evaluate the proposed model using AMOS version 24 and SPSS version 26.

Results indicated a positive relationship between cognitive reactivity (CR) and early life experiences with psychological pain. Additionally, there was a significant negative relationship between cognitive reactivity, early life experiences, and psychological pain with suicide resiliency. Findings showed that the proposed model adequately fit the data. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that 74% of the variance in psychological pain was explained by CR and early life experiences. Furthermore, 79% of the variance in the Suicide Resilience Inventory (SRI) was explained by CR, early life experiences, and psychological pain.

These findings represent a preliminary step toward clarifying the role of cognitive reactivity, early life experiences, and psychological pain in suicide resiliency. These factors should be considered in psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at reducing suicide attempts.

One of today's social problems is behavioral abnormalities and aggression and ways to deal with it. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) and cognitive behavioral therapy on the attention and aggression of high school students in Kerman.

With a control group, this semi-experimental study administered tests before and after the intervention. All 45 male and female students enrolled at Kerman's second-year secondary school were included in the statistical population. Fifteen of them were allocated at random to one of three groups: control, experimental group 1, or group 2. The first group had 18 45-minute NLP sessions, whereas the second group received 6 60-minute CBT sessions. None of the interventions were given to the control group. The data was collected using the DASS-21 scale.

Compared to the control group, the educational groups that focused on cognitivebehavioral approaches and natural language processing had lower average indices of mental health evaluation. Students' anxiety and stress levels were significantly reduced after receiving instruction in both techniques, according to multivariate variance analysis. Comparing the three groups' matched results from the follow-up test, there was no difference in statistical significance in anxiety reduction between the two methods; however, there was a significant difference in lowering stress and depression, with the NLP method showing greater efficacy.

cognitive-behavioral training is an effective method in increasing the mental health of students and this intervention can be used to improve academic performance in clinics and school health.

Disturbed self-esteem and self-image can be found in body dysmorphic individuals, and sexual dysfunction is also more frequent among these individuals. Body image concerns may also contribute to the tendency to undergo cosmetic procedures, including rhinoplasty.

This study aimed to compare sexual dysfunction in married women who were candidates for cosmetic rhinoplasty to a control group.

This case-control study was conducted among 342 married women in Shiraz, Iran, from December 2021-2022. The case group included 192 cosmetic rhinoplasty candidates, and the control group comprised 150 women who were not candidates for cosmetic procedures; they were selected from the ear, nose, and throat outpatient department. Data on demographic features, psycho-social history, and quality of marital life were collected by face-to-face interviews. To evaluate their sexual performance, the participants filled out the female sexual function index questionnaire.

No significant difference was observed between rhinoplasty subjects and the control group in the female sexual function index (23.63 ± 3.6 vs. 23.19 ± 4.28, p = 0.43). The prevalence of sexual dysfunction among cosmetic rhinoplasty candidates and the control group was 75% and 76%, respectively (p = 0.60). No significant difference was observed in the sexual dysfunction domains between the groups.

Our study indicated a significant sexual dysfunction among the studied population, but the difference was not statistically significant between the rhinoplasty and the control group.

One of the effective factors in preventing the complications of diabetes is stress management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intervention based on Lazarus’ Transactional Model on the level of stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 80 patients with type 2 diabetes. Stress levels, coping methods, and hemoglobin A1C were evaluated before the intervention and three months afterward. In the intervention group, five training sessions were held based on the strategies outlined in the model. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and analysis of covariance.

The perceived stress score in the intervention group decreased after the intervention. The results of the Pearson correlation test indicated a negative and significant relationship between the stress score and confrontive and optimistic coping strategies. Additionally, there was a positive and significant relationship between the stress score and methods of emotional adaptation and fatalism (p<0.001). Analysis of covariance revealed that, after adjusting for group effects, the intervention had a significant impact on the use of adaptive methods and stress levels (p<0.001).

Training and interventions aimed at utilizing coping approaches based on Lazarus’ Transactional Model of stress and adaptation is effective in controlling and reducing stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Vaginismus disorder is the second most common sexual dysfunction in women, and it is a significant issue in the lives of those affected. This disorder has unfortunate and destructive consequences for the individual’s health, the family unit, and the couple’s intimacy. This study aimed to compare vaginismus-specific schema therapy with conventional schema therapy in terms of their effects on sexual self-assertiveness and self-esteem in women with vaginismus disorder.

This quasi-experimental research employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, including a control group. The statistical population consisted of women with vaginismus disorder who were referred to the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of Payambaran Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2021, of whom 45 individuals were selected using a purposive sampling method, and were randomly assigned to three groups through a simple lottery method (n=15 per group). The Persian version of Halbert’s Sexual Self-Assertiveness Questionnaire and the Female Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory (SSEI-W) developed by Zeanah and Schwarz were used. The two experimental groups received treatment in ten sessions, each lasting 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test using SPSS 22.

Both vaginismus-specific schema therapy and conventional schema therapy were effective in increasing sexual self-assertiveness (Eta=0.83) and self-esteem (Eta=0.94) in women with vaginismus disorder compared to the control group (p=0.001). A comparison of the mean differences between the two intervention groups and the control group revealed that vaginismus-specific schema therapy was more effective in improving self-assertiveness and sexual self-esteem in women than conventional schema therapy (p=0.001).

Vaginismus-specific schema therapy for vaginismus enhances sexual self-assertiveness and self-esteem among women with vaginismus by helping them identify their problems.

Suppression of negative, uncomfortable emotions can lead to moral injury, resulting in emotional, behavioral, and social issues, as well as mental health conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the concept of moral injury-typically associated with conflict situations—has gained increased attention.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of moral injury during the pandemic and its correlation with psychological distress.

Between December 2020 and January 2021, we evaluated the frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress, and their correlation with moral injury in 333 medical interns, residents, and nurses. We used validated versions of the Moral Injury Symptom Scale-Healthcare Professionals (MISS-HP) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21).

The study included 333 medical professionals, most of whom were aged 26 - 30. Clinically significant moral injuries were observed in nearly half of the participants. Women had higher average scores for stress and anxiety compared to men. A lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) at the workplace was associated with increased depression, anxiety, and stress. Nurses reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than other healthcare professionals. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between moral injury and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Female participants experienced higher rates of moral injury than male participants, and single individuals reported more suffering than married ones. Moral injury was notably higher among nurses compared to other healthcare professionals.

The study found that healthcare professionals experienced anxiety, stress, depression, and moral injury during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moral injury was strongly associated with increased stress, worry, and depression. Female healthcare professionals exhibited higher levels of anxiety and stress, while being married appeared to offer some protection against depression. Nurses were particularly vulnerable, with end-stage patients and insufficient resources contributing to elevated levels of anxiety, stress, and moral injury.

Adaptation to complications of hysterectomy is one of the topics of concern for women and health care providers. There is no instrument for evaluating adaptation to hysterectomy. This study aimed to design the Hysterectomy Adaptation Scale (HAS) and assess its psychometric properties.

This methodological study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in Mashhad, Iran. To develop the item pool, qualitative data from directed content analysis and data from the review of adaptation and coping instruments were used. The face, content, construct validity, internal consistency, and stability were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of HAS.

The final version of the HAS consisted of 24 items with a reported content validity index of 0.9. Six factors were extracted from the principal component analysis, which explained 60.3 of the observed variance. Model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model was well fitted. The values of the alpha coefficient and intra‑class coefficient were 0.86 and 0.95, respectively.

The HAS is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating the adaptation level of hysterectomized Iranian women. HAS can distinguish between hysterectomized women who have adapted to hysterectomy and those who have not. It can be used to assess the adaptation of hysterectomized women in research and clinical practice.

Head nurses, as operational managers of hospitals, require robust communication skills, comprehensive leadership knowledge, and proficient conflict management strategies. By utilizing appropriate management techniques based on these skills, head nurses can actively contribute to enhancing efficiency, improving performance, and delivering high-quality services within the hospital setting. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between communication skills, conflict management, and leadership style among head nurses.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021, involving 166 head nurses employed across 16 hospitals affiliated with Golestan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The sampling method employed was a census approach, encompassing the entire population of interest. After obtaining ethical approval, data were collected using established instruments, including Robbins' Evaluation of the Conflict Resolution Questionnaire, Queendom's Interpersonal Communication Skills Test, and Bass and Avolio's leadership style Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests were utilized to analyze the collected data. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The findings revealed that the total score of communication skills, particularly the dimensions of emotional control and listening skills, exhibited a significant positive association with the overall score of conflict management and its three distinct strategies. Moreover, a significant positive relationship was observed between the ability to receive and send messages and the contingent leadership style (P-value = 0.043). Conversely, the orientation strategy demonstrated a negative impact on leadership quality, as it was found to diminish leadership quality across all dimensions for head nurses. Furthermore, the control strategy exhibited a significant negative correlation with the charismatic leadership style (P-value = 0.037). Lastly, the overall score of conflict management displayed a significant negative association with the charismatic leadership style (P-value = 0.031).

The assessment of head nurses' communication skills indicated an average proficiency level. The prevailing leadership style adopted by supervisors was charismatic, while the predominant conflict management strategy employed was non-confrontation. It is recommended that effective plans aimed at improving communication skills, fostering effective leadership, and enhancing conflict management be implemented within hospital departments to enhance the current situation. This can be achieved through organizing impactful training workshops and utilizing supportive and motivational mechanisms.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of yoga on the sexual function and sexual quality of life of women after vaginal delivery.

This randomized controlled trial included 36 women who were 8-10 weeks postpartum, recruited from a health center in Isfahan, Iran, from January 2020 to March 2021. The women were randomly assigned to two groups with a block size of four, including the intervention group that practiced sexual yoga techniques and the control group that received information on postpartum recovery and lactation. Both groups completed the Sexual Quality of Life-Female Questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index before the intervention, as well as one month, two months, and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by R software using the independent sample t-test, analysis of variance, Friedman’s test, and the Chi-square test.

The mean total score for sexual function three months after the intervention in the intervention group showed a significant improvement compared to before the intervention (20.52±7.86 vs. 29.56±3.53, t(34, 0.975), p<0.001). Additionally, the sexual quality of life in the intervention group significantly improved after three months of intervention compared to the control group (99.94±10.62 vs. 76.83±20.23, t(34, 0.975), p<0.001).

Yoga practices enhance the sexual function and sexual quality of life of women following vaginal delivery.

We aimed to investigate the clinical application effect of people-oriented nursing model on the negative emotions and psychological conditions of patients with bladder cancer.

Eighty patients with bladder cancer were enrolled from January 2020 to January 2022 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical UniversityHeilongjiang, Province, China. The patients were randomly divided into the control group, each group consisted of 40 patients (conventional nursing mode) and the ex-perimental group (people-oriented nursing mode) according to the admission time. The differences of the anx-iety, depression and quality of life scores at the time of admission and discharge were compared between the two groups.

There was statistically significant differences in the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating depression scale (SDS) score within each group ofpatients and between the two groups at the time of admis-sion and discharge, respectively (P=0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the scores at discharge, and the scores of the patients in the experimental group were better than those in the con-trol group. There was a statistically significant difference in the scores at discharge, and the scores of the exper-imental group were lower than those of the control group P<0.001). After comparing the overall scores of ad-mission and discharge of the two groups of patients, the differences were statistically significant, and the scores at discharge were better improved than those at admission were.

The people-oriented nursing model could relieve the negative emotions, relieve pain and improve the life quality of patients with bladder cancer.

Freshmen have to face different requirements, such as deciding on a future job, establishing a relationship with the other gender, adapting to a new environment, building new relationships, being away from family, and experiencing different courses and teachers. These different demands might make this period one of the most stressful times and turn the adaptation process into a difficult stage. Therefore, it is necessary to provide appropriate tools to determine the levels and difficulties of adaptation in various fields.

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of Baker and Siryk 67-Question Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) to provide an appropriate tool for diagnosing freshmen’s problems.

The current study is a methodological study with a descriptive cross-sectional design. Given the construct structure of the questionnaire, it was tried to select 445 freshmen across different undergraduate fields using a multi-stage sampling method. Then, SACQ, Brief Psychological Adjustment-6, the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults - Short Version, and the Beck Depression Inventory were administered. Then, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and divergent validity, and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated for data analysis.

The results showed that the internal consistency coefficient of this questionnaire for all components was higher than 0.70, and it indicated that the tool was a suitable one. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 4-factor model of original developers had a better fit than the one-factor and six-factor models in this sample.

Since the factor structure of this scale was approved, it could be used to measure adaptation to college to determine and identify troubled or at-risk freshmen.