psychological well-being

A healthy interpersonal relationship is a key contributor to nurses' success in their occupation. Hence, nurses who are equipped with essential interpersonal skills know how to treat patients with dignity and respect and do their jobs more effectively. Despite the rapidly growing body of research on various aspects of transactional analysis (TA), only a few studies have addressed the role of TA in the nursing area. This paper reports on a study that investigates the effectiveness of TA on mental well-being and empathy among nurses in Sanandaj, a city in the west of Iran.

This study adopted a quasi-experimental design and a pretest-posttest design. Using the available sampling method, 26 nurses were randomly assigned to an experimental anda control group. The experimental group received two months of training in TA through eight 90-minute sessions. A questionnaire was used to collect data before and after the TAtraining program(Sanandaj, 2018).

There were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in emotional (P ≤ 0.05), psychological (P ≤ 0.05), and social (P ≤ 0.01) well-being, reactive and verbal empathy (P ≤ 0.05), and emotional effectiveness (P ≤ 0.05).

The findings of the study reveal that TA trainingcan enhance the mental health of nurses effectively

 Attachment styles directly and through other psychological factors play an important role in physical health and illness. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of fitting the model of attachment styles on physical health with the mediating of psychological well-being.

 In a cross-sectional descriptive study, among all medical students in Gilan and Qazvin provinces during May 2022 to February 2023 who completed their internship during the Corona epidemic and subsequent strains, 550 students were selected by convenience sampling. The participants completed the Adult Attachment Questionnaire, Psychological Well-Being Scale and Physical Health Scale. In the descriptive data analysis, mean, standard deviation and correlation and statistical assumptions of the tests were used with SPSS software, and for hypothesis testing with structural equation modeling, Liesrel software was used with a significance level of P<0.05.

 The findings showed that attachment styles have a direct and significant relationship with physical health, and psychological well-being mediates the relationship between attachment styles and physical health (P<0.001). The model has a good fit (P<0.05).

 Attachment styles predict physical health and psychological well-being acts as a mediator in the relationship between attachment styles and physical health. These results contain practical themes in formulating appropriate interventions to promote physical health and prevent diseases based on attachment styles and psychological well-being.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of marital relationship enhancement education based on the approach of religious teachings on different dimensions of sexual, spiritual, and mental health in married women.

This interventional study with a control group was carried out from November 2021 to February 2022 in Amol, Iran. A total of 72 married women were included in two groups, including an intervention group and a control group. The subjects of the intervention group received marital relationship enhancement based on religious teachings in six two-hour group sessions once a week. Participants in the two groups completed the female sexual function index (FSFI), spiritual well-being scale (SWB) and general mental health questionnaires (GHQ) before and after the end of the intervention. The Independent and paired t-tests, Chi-square test, and ANCOVA were used for data analysis.

The mean scores of female sexual function, spiritual well-being, and mental health were 25.96±3.69, 95.82±14.31 and 21.17±12.56, respectively. The mean values of sexual function (P<0.001) and also its dimensions, including arousal (P<0.001), lubricant (P<0.001), orgasm (P<0.001), satisfaction (P<0.001) and sexual pain (P=0.044) were different between the two groups. The mean scores of spiritual well-being and its dimensions, including religious well-being and existential well-being were different between the two groups (P<0.001). The mean scores of general mental health and its dimensions, including anxiety and insomnia symptoms, social dysfunction, and depression symptoms were different between the two groups (P<0.001). The mean pre-to-post test scores of female sexual function, spiritual well-being, general mental health, and its domains (except for sexual desire and somatic symptoms) increased significantly in the intervention group (P<0.001). The differences in the control group were not significant in any of the above cases.

Marital relationship enhancement education based on religious teachings is recommended for promoting sexual function, religious well-being, and general mental health among married women.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by impaired blood sugar regulation due to issues with insulin production or action. This condition has adverse physical and mental health consequences, impacting overall quality of life.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) in improving treatment adherence and psychological well-being among individuals with diabetes, with emotion regulation as a mediating factor.

A quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period was employed. The study population consisted of individuals with diabetes referred to the diabetes center in Ahvaz. A convenience sample of 30 participants was selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 15: An experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received eight weekly 90-minute sessions of EFT. Data were collected using the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire, Ryff's Scale of Psychological Well-being, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) to assess treatment adherence, psychological well-being, and emotion regulation, respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data, and mediation analysis was conducted using the bootstrapping method.

The results indicated that EFT had a significant effect on treatment adherence and psychological well-being among patients with diabetes (P < 0.001). These effects were both direct and indirect, with emotion regulation serving as a significant mediator. Additionally, the effects were sustained over time.

This study found that EFT is effective in improving treatment adherence and psychological well-being in individuals with diabetes. The sustained benefits over time suggest that EFT could be a valuable complement to standard diabetes care.

Reality therapy aims to foster responsibility-taking and help individuals establish a successful identity. This study investigates the effectiveness of group reality therapy on students' psychological well-being.

The study population comprised all Payame Noor University students enrolled at Ghorveh branch during 2022. The research employed an experimental design with both experimental and control groups. A random sample of 30 students was selected, with 15 participants assigned to the experimental group, which received nine 90-minute sessions of group reality therapy. The remaining 15 students formed the control group. Data were collected using Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale.

The findings showed descriptive information regarding psychological well-being in pretest and posttest for both control and experimental groups. Psychological well-being mean value of students in experimental group in pretest was 308.01 ± 9.38, while posttest mean value for the same group was 317.73 ± 8.99. In contrast, psychological well-being mean value of students in control group in pretest was 309.93 ± 8.84, with posttest mean value for this group being 310.46 ± 8.96. The findings revealed that group reality therapy significantly improved the students' psychological well-being (p < 0.05).

Group reality therapy is an effective intervention for enhancing students' psychological well-being, Therefore, this method can be used to improve the psychological well-being of students.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease classically affecting the small joints of the hands and feet.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of emotion regulation training based on the Gross model on the psychological well-being and sleep quality of women with psychosomatic disorders (rheumatic and joint pains).

This semi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women with psycho-physical disorders in Farahan City, among which 40 individuals were selected through the convenience sampling method and then randomly allocated to either the experimental or control group) n=20 each (. The required data were collected using the Ryff Psychological Well-Being and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Emotion regulation techniques were taught using Gross’s standard training protocol in eight 90-minute sessions, while the control group was on the waiting list. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance in SPSS-23 software. 

The study’s results indicate that instructing women with psychosomatic disorders on how to handle their emotions using the Gross model can greatly enhance their mental health (P<0.01). Moreover, the findings from the analysis of covariance revealed that Emotion Regulation Training based on the Gross model led to enhancements in sleep quality in women with psychosomatic disorders (P<0.01).

The outcomes of this study have the potential to enhance the overall well-being and sleep quality of individuals experiencing rheumatic and joint pains.

Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing disorder in which compulsive drug-seeking behavior and drug use continue despite serious negative consequences. The purpose of the present research is to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the psychological well-being of individuals seeking methadone treatment at addiction treatment centers in the city of Kerman, Iran.

This is an applied study with a quasi-experimental design consisting of a control and an experimental group. The statistical population of the study included all individuals dependent on substances who sought addiction treatment at an addiction treatment center in Kerman City during the winter of 2021. The number of participants was decided using purposeful sampling, with 10 individuals selected for each group in the experimental study. Following a 10-week CBT intervention administered once a week to the experimental group, the participants were evaluated again using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, such as analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), using SPSS software.

The ANCOVA revealed a significant difference in the psychological well-being variable between the experimental and control groups in the posttest, with a value of F1,27 = 17.98 (P < 0.01). In other words, psychological well-being was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group after CBT sessions (P < 0.01).

Based on the findings of this study, the utilization of CBT along with methadone treatment significantly enhances the effectiveness of pharmacological therapy and prevention of opioid relapse.

Mental retardation is associated with a lack of growth in various physical, mental, developmental, social, and educational dimensions. Many variables, such as emotional adjustment, psychological well-being, and spiritual beliefs are related to the hope of mothers with mentally retarded children. This research aimed to predict hope based on emotional adjustment, psychological well-being, and spiritual beliefs in mothers with mentally retarded children.

The current research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the research included 375 mothers with mentally retarded children who were selected from seven special education schools, occupational therapy centers, and an autism center in Qom City, Iran, in the 2022-2023 academic year. Convenience sampling was used, and Morgan’s table determined the sample size. Data collection tools were the Schneider et al.’s hope questionnaire, Bell’s emotional adjustment questionnaire, Riff’s psychological well-being questionnaire, and George’s spiritual beliefs questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26, employing Pearson’s correlation test and multiple regression analysis.

The results of the regression analysis showed that all three variables of social adjustment, psychological well-being, and spiritual beliefs were significant predictors of hope (P<0.05). Specifically, emotional adjustment contributed 13.4%, psychological well-being contributed 12%, and spiritual beliefs contributed 13.8% to the variance in hope, with 95% confidence.

The results of the study showed a significant relationship between hope, emotional adjustment, psychological well-being, and spiritual beliefs. Educational workshops are recommended to increase public understanding of intellectual disabilities. Authorities, specialists, and community workers should develop a structured and comprehensive program to raise awareness about the emotional adjustment, psychological well-being, and spiritual beliefs of these mothers within the community.

This study aimed to examine the status of successful aging (SA) and its associated ecological factors among older adults in Kashan City.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 utilizing a multi-stage cluster sampling method. A total of 375 individuals aged 60 years and older from Kashan participated in the research. Data were collected using the Successful Aging Questionnaire and additional questions pertaining to familial and neighborhood relationships, framed within an ecological context. Descriptive and analytical statistical tests, including independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multivariate linear regression, were performed using SPSS software version 27.
The mean age of the elderly participants was 69.47 ± 7.44 years. The mean score for successful aging was 68.06 ± 10.58, with the lowest scores observed in financial-environmental security and the highest in spirituality. The prevalence of successful aging in Kashan City was found to be 13.6%. Significant associations were identified between successful aging and various factors: age (r = -0.116, P = 0.02), gender (t = 2.41, P = 0.01), marital status (t = -1.98, P = 0.04), education (F = 9.25, P < 0.001), employment status (t = 3.43, P < 0.001), perceived economic status (F = 37.81, P < 0.001), number of siblings (r = 0.170, P < 0.001), number of relatives (r = 0.173, P < 0.001), frequency of contact with family and relatives (F = 2.55, P = 0.05), and the number of neighbors and close friends (r = 0.113, P = 0.02). A multiple multivariate regression analysis revealed that individual, family, and neighborhood variables accounted for 27% of the variance in successful aging, with economic perception and education exerting the most significant influence.
The findings highlight the importance of prioritizing financial-environmental security and psychological well-being in interventions targeting social alienation (SA). Policymaking efforts should focus on vulnerable elderly populations, particularly those with lower education levels, unemployment, perceived low economic status, and limited family or social support.

Self-harm is a common problem among teenagers worldwide and can be affected by different factors. This research aimed to investigate the connection between the psychological well-being and religious convictions of individuals who self-injure, while also examining how life goals may serve as a moderating factor. 

This descriptive-correlational research employed a cross-sectional design and utilized structural equation modeling (SEM). The study targeted all teenage boys and girls in Tehran who had participated in self-harm behaviors between July and October 2023. A purposive sample of 196 adolescents with a history of self-harm was selected for the study. The Ryff’s psychological well-being scales (PWB), the religious attitude questionnaire (RAQ) and the purpose-in-life questionnaire (PIL) were used as research tools. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, version 27 and SmartPLS software, version 4.

Self-acceptance had a significant and positive impact on religious attitudes (β=0.397, P=0.021). However, the positive relationship with other components had no significant influence on religious attitudes (P=0.954). Self-acceptance and personal growth, as well as a purposeful life, had a positive and notable impact on religious attitudes (P<0.05). Conversely, positive relationships with others, autonomy, objective life, and mastery of the environment did not significantly influence religious attitudes (P>0.05). Furthermore, purposeful life, acting as a moderating variable, positively and significantly affected the association between positive relationships with others and autonomy with religious attitudes, thereby enhancing this relationship.

Psychological well-being and purposeful life are related to religious attitudes in self-harming adolescents. Specifically, self-acceptance and personal growth are the only well-being components that increase religious attitudes. Other components, like positive relationships, autonomy, mastery of the environment, and a purposeful life do not affect religious attitudes.

Infertility is recognized as a distressing life event that may threaten the psychological well-being of women facing infertility, affecting their interpersonal relationships and self-confidence. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of spirituality in the psychological well-being of infertile women through the mediation of emotion regulation among infertile women.

In this predictive correlational design study, we surveyed 400 infertile women who referred to infertility clinics in Qom and Isfahan in 2021. We used Spirituality Assessment Inventory (SAI) (1996) by Hall et al., Ryff’s short form scale of Psychological well-being, and Gross and John’s 10 question Emotion Regulation questionnaire. Date reliability and validity were assessed through Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, AVE index. Discriminated validity was examined using the Fornell and Lurker matrix, Model analysisR2 for explanatory power, Q2 for predictive relevance, and incidence like SRMR and NFI for fit assessment.

Both direct and indirect effects of total spirituality on psychological well-being were statistically significant (p<0.01). Likewise, the direct effect of reappraisal strategy on psychological well-being was significant (p<0.01). ALso, the suppression strategy demonstrated a significant indirect effect on psychological well-being (p<0.01). The effects of total spirituality, reappraisal strategy and suppression on psychological well-being were also significant (p<0.01).

The results showed that spirituality both independently and through mediation of emotional regulation strategies significantly affect the psychological well-being of infertile women. Notably, the suppression strategy of emotion regulation has a negative effect on their psychological well-being. To enhance, the psychological well-being, of infertile women, it is necessary to provide targeted counseling services with a focus on spirituality is recommended.