recovery

This study aimed to examine the complications associated with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), and the disease outcome in children under five years old in Africa.

The recommendations of PRISMA 2020 were used for the realization of this systematic review. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases for articles published in English. The search covered all articles conducted in Africa and published between 2010 and 2022. The outcome of SAM was assessed in terms of weight gain, recovery rate, and fatality rate.

Out of 12,553 articles identified, 62 articles met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The age range of 6 to 24 months was found to be the most common age group, and marasmus was identified as the most common type of malnutrition. The most frequently encountered complications were diarrhea followed by respiratory tract infections and anemia. The recovery rate was frequently less than 75%, and many studies reported a weight gain of less than 10g/kg/day.

Our work showed that despite the efforts made, SAM is still a major cause of mortality in African children. Such findings highlight the need for implementation of corrective measures that can address this deadly condition.

Lumbar spine fracture is among the most common spinal fractures. Following lumbar vertebra surgery, prolonged bed rest is required, leading to increased negative emotions and various complications that hinder recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective interventions during the operation. To assess the application effect of rapid rehabilitation intervention in posterior lumbar laminectomy decompression, resection of nucleus pulposus, and pedicle nail internal fixation for patients with lumbar fracture.  

We randomly assigned 134 patients with lumbar fractures who received treatment in our hospital from May 2019 to September 2022 to either the research group (RG) or the control group (CG), with 67 patients in each group. In addition to the basic intervention, the RG received rapid rehabilitation intervention, while the CG only got the basic intervention. The study compared intraoperative blood loss, operation, and hospitalization periods; the scores of the visual analog score (VAS), Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); the incidence of complications; and satisfaction with the intervention in both groups.  

The RG had less blood loss and shorter surgery and hospital stay than the CG (P<0.05). The RG exhibited lower VAS and ODI scores but higher JOA scores than the CG (P<0.05). The occurrence of postoperative complications in the RG was decreased in comparison to the CG (P<0.05). The total intervention satisfaction was higher in the RG than in the CG (P<0.05).  

Rapid rehabilitation intervention can accelerate the recovery of the condition, improve the dysfunction, reduce the occurrence of complications in patients with lumbar fracture surgery, and thereby boost intervention satisfaction, which is worthy for clinical promotion.

Previous studies have reported that obesity is associated with poor respiratory function including reduction of functional residual capacity (FRC) and expiratory residual volume (ERV).

To investigate the effect of forward trunk lean position (FTLP) combined pursed-lip breathing (PLB) on tidal volume (VT), volume of oxygen (VO2), the volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2), heart rate (HR) during post-exercise recovery.

Twenty-two obese females performed two sitting positions, FTLP and upright position (UP) combined with PLB for 2 minutes after 40 minutes of running at moderate intensity. VT, VO2, VCO2, HR were measured in these 2 minutes. The recorded values were averaged in 30s intervals.

Although the average VT during FTLP+PLB was higher than UP+PLB, there was no statistically significant difference (30s: p=0.718, 60s: p=0.114, 90s: p=0.682, 120s: p=0.927). VT in UP+PLB at the 90s decreased while VT in FTLP+PLB at the 90s remained close to the highest point in the 60s. However, the difference was not significant. There were no significant differences in VO2, VCO2, and HR between FTLP+PLB and UP+PLB at all-time points.

FTLP+PLB and UP+PLB induce comparable changes in VT, VO2, VCO2, and HR during recovery after moderate-intensity continuous exercise in obese females. FTLP+PLB seemed to be better for maintaining VT during recovery.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most common liver diseases. In recent years, the prevalence of fatty liver disease has been mostly attributed to obesity, an unhealthy lifestyle, and poor eating habits, which, in addition to Western countries, have also been reported in Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lifestyle modification (physical activity and diet) on the recovery of NAFLD in health insurance staff in Tabriz, Iran.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 42 male and female NAFLD patients aged 20 to 55. The participants were randomly divided into intervention (diet along with aerobic exercise) (n=21) and control (without diet and exercise) (n=21) groups. The level of disease recovery was evaluated by measuring the level of liver enzymes (AST and ALT), liver ultrasound (to determine the degree of fatty liver), and body mass index (BMI) before and after three months of intervention. Paired and independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test were performed using SPSS version 22 software. The clinical significance of the study was estimated using an epidemiological tool known as the number needed to treat (NNT).

No significant difference was observed between the two groups in anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as fatty liver grade. However, the decrease in BMI index in the intervention group was insignificant compared to the control group. The degree of liver recovery in the intervention and control groups was calculated to be 69.9% and 33.3%, respectively. Also, the decrease in fatty liver grade in the intervention group was significant compared to the control group (P = 0.028). There was a statistically significant reduction in the severity of fatty liver disease in the intervention group at the end of the research (NNT = 3.5), meaning that for every 3.5 patients with NAFLD treated with diet and exercise for 3 months, one patient showed improvement.

This study showed that lifestyle modifications, such as physical activity and dietary habits, significantly affected fatty liver in NAFLD patients.

The disease process involves the occurrences happening during the disease and treatment course for the patient. Investigating this process is a significant and necessary issue for all diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Using the information of 4372 patients with COVID-19 referring to Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran during the COVID-19 epidemic, being hospitalized, cared for, and home quarantined due to having mild symptoms, the COVID-19 process and its related occurrences were investigated during the treatment course.

In the COVID-19 course, considering the disease severity, the likelihood of hospitalization in the general ward or the intensive care unit (ICU) ward, the likelihood of isolation or home quarantine, and the likelihood of occurrences such as recovery or death at the end of the disease course were taken into consideration. Based on the results of this study, the likelihood of hospitalization in the general ward, the ICU ward, and isolation or home quarantine was determined to be approximately 49.54%, 14.73%, and 35.73%, respectively. Also, for patients hospitalized in the general ward, the ICU ward, and isolated or home quarantined, the likelihood of recovery was estimated at approximately 64.79%, 10.82%, and 96.31%, respectively, and the likelihood of death was also estimated at about 35.21%, 89.18%, and 3.69% respectively.

Investigating the COVID-19 process and estimating the likelihood of incidence of its related occurrences during the treatment course both create an accurate prognosis and provide the possibility of achieving an efficient treatment for these patients.

The sympatholytic property of dexmedetomidine (DEX) makes it suitable as a hypotensive drug during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS); however, delayed emergence from anesthesia and high postoperative sedation have been reported.

Delayed emergence from anesthesia and high postoperative sedation are associated with a prolonged length of stay in the operating room and the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), which increases health care costs. This study aimed to overcome the negative impact of DEX on recovery by using aminophylline.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 52 patients planned for elective FESS under general anesthesia with DEX infusion for controlled hypotension during surgery. Patients were equally divided into 2 groups. The aminophylline group received 4 mg/kg aminophylline diluted in 50 mL saline 0.9% over 30 minutes after positioning in a 20-degree reverse Trendelenburg position. The control group received 50 mL saline 0.9% with a similar volume and period as the aminophylline group.

The extubation time was significantly shorter in the aminophylline group (6.5 (5.25 - 7.75) minutes) than in the control group (9 (7.25 - 10) minutes) (P-value < 0.001). The PACU discharge time was significantly shorter in the aminophylline group (15 (10 - 20) minutes) compared to the control group (20 (15 - 28.75) minutes) (P-value = 0.036). Intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial pressure were nonsignificantly different between the 2 groups. Ramsay sedation score measurements at 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min after extubation were significantly lower in the aminophylline than in the control group (P-value < 0.05). Complications were nonsignificantly different between the 2 groups.

Intraoperative aminophylline infusion enhances the recovery of patients undergoing FESS under DEX hypotensive anesthesia without intraoperative hemodynamic alterations and decreases their postoperative sedation without significant postoperative side effects.

Sleep disorders, as psychological manifestations of COVID-19, have been correlated with a decreased quality of all aspects of individuals' well-being, even after COVID-19 recovery.

Due to the persistence of sleep disorders even after the recovery from COVID-19, along with their significant consequences on the quality of life of individuals suffering from these disorders, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and predictive power of sleep disorders and their correlation with socio-demographic and health disparities among COVID-19 recovered individuals in Iran.

In this cross-sectional analytical investigation, a total of 300 individuals participated from 3 hospitals in different regions of Tehran. Participants were selected based on inclusion criteria and simple random sampling. They were then evaluated using the "Questionnaire of Clinical and Demographic Information" and the "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)." Additionally, the "Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS21)," "The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R)," and "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)" were used to assess other related disorders in the prevalence and predictive power of sleep disorders among the participants. Statistical tests, including the analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square, and Bayesian linear regression, were implemented using SPSS v. 26 to analyze the obtained data.

Among the total of 300 participants, 198 individuals (66%) demonstrated sleep disorders. The majority were female (54.54%), married (88.38%), employed (56.56%), from Tehran (96.96%), and covered by hospital C (36.86%). Ultimately, depression (BF = 0.01 and P-value = 0.0001), anxiety (BF = 0.02 and P-value = 0.0001), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (BF = 0.02 and P-value = 0.001), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (BF = 0.0001 and P-value = 0.001) were the most powerful predictors of the presence of sleep disorders among individuals recovered from COVID-19.

COVID-19-related sleep disorders were found in more than half of the COVID-19-recovered individuals, with mild severity. Furthermore, the reported prevalence, severity, and significance varied among the participants in accordance with sociodemographic and health disparities.

Published data obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies was reviewed systematically and analyzed critically to evaluate the effect of oral cavity-derived stem cells (OCDSCs) on the recovery or therapy of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington (HD) diseases, and Parkinson disease (PD). 

An electronic search was accomplished. References of included articles were also manually searched. Studies were critically evaluated for suitability against the inclusion/exclusion criteria and the data was extracted. Bias risk evaluation of the studies and evidence synthesis were conducted. 

A total of 14 in vivo and 10 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. PD was induced in 10 in vivo and 7 in vitro studies, while AD was induced in 2 in vivo and 4 in vitro studies. Two studies (1 in vitro and 1 in vivo) evaluated ALS disease and 1 in vivo study evaluated HD. Moderate evidence was found for in vitro studies reporting the positive effect of OCDSCs on PD or AD recovery. Strong evidence was found for in vivo studies in which PD animal models were used; meanwhile, moderate evidence was found for the impact of OCDSCs on AD recovery. Limited evidence was found for in vivo studies evaluating HD and ALS. 

Although studies reported favorable data regarding the OCDSCs on NDs, they presented a considerable risk of bias. Because of heterogeneous study characteristics, the current study recommends improving standardized methods to evaluate the therapeutic effects of OCDSCs on the NDs.

 Muscle damage and soreness caused by intense exercise are problems experienced by sedentary people whose suitable solution is an essential topic in research.

 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of massage on the response of recovery creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) following exhausted aerobic exercise.

 A total of 20 sedentary university male students (26.9 ± 2.7 y, BMI: 23.1 ± 1.6) participated voluntarily in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of exercise with massage group (mas, n = 10) and a control group (con, n = 10). Subjects run on a treadmill to the point of exhaustion. After that, the group had effleurage and petrissage massage for 20 min. Then, serum CK and LDH were measured, and the results were extracted using analysis of variance with repeated measures and post hoc Bonferroni test at the P < 0.05 level.

 Both groups significantly increased CK and LDH levels after the exercise session. There was no significant difference between the two groups immediately after the massage intervention (P > 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups 24 and 48 hours after massage in the control (P > 0.05), while there was no significant change in the massage group (P < 0.05).

 Based on the results, massage intervention prevented the increase of CK and LDH levels at 24 and 48 hours after the exhaustive exercise session, which indicates the beneficial effect of massage.

Stroke is one of the world's most serious social and health problems. The incorporation of tailored physical activity and exercise into the rehabilitation process and post-rehabilitation phase could portray a successful action primarily directed at the cognitive and functional recovery of brain-injured individuals following a stroke. Exercise has been shown to provide both physical and psychological benefits for post-stroke patients.

  To identify and discuss the physical activities that are beneficial to stroke-recovering patients.

A keyword search was used with the following headings; “benefits of physical activity”, “stroke”, “physical activity”, “recovering patients”, “physical activity guidelines”, “exercises”, “health benefits”, “stroke survivors”, “epidemiology stroke”, “prevention”, “incidence of stroke”, “statistical data on stroke”, “type of strokes”, “elderly”, “case fatality”, “mortality”, “morbidity”, and “risk factors” “physical fitness” which were combined and exploded.

  Only 46 full-text English-language articles were found among 1,897 citations through electronic searches. The information was judged appropriate for use in this study.

The use of different types of exercise training (e.g., aerobic, strength, flexibility, neuromuscular and traditional Chinese exercise) for stroke survivors is firmly supported by evidence. Exercise training enhances functional capacity, daily living ability, and quality of life while also lowering the risk of cardiovascular events. To maximize long-term adherence, stroke survivors' physical activity goals and exercise prescriptions should be tailored to them individually.

 There is growing interest in using dietary supplements to delay fatigue, accelerate recovery time, and improve the performance of athletes.

 In the present study, we investigated the effect of beta-alanine supplementation on the levels of some metabolic indexes related to recovery and the performance of soccer players.

 Sixteen young soccer players [age: 20 ± 1.19 years, weight: 67.67 ± 8.9 kg, height: 176.38 ± 5.54 cm and body mass index (BMI): 21.76 ± 2.12 kg/m2] completed this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. They were supplemented with 5g/day beta-alanine (BA) (BG, N = 8) or placebo (PG; N = 8; maltodextrin) for three weeks. Maximum oxygen consumption, explosive power, and recovery-related blood parameters (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea) were measured in two stages before and after supplementation.

 No significant change was observed in the serum creatine kinase level after the intervention (P = 0.061). Also, no significant difference was observed in serum levels of other blood factors, such as lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.061) and urea (P = 0.061). Regarding performance factors, no significant changes were observed in aerobic power (P = 0.061) and explosive power (P = 0.061).

 Our results suggest that beta-alanine has no effect on reducing metabolic factors related to recovery and may improve the aerobic power of soccer players.

Despite the high acceptability of the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) procedure in the treatment of urinary stones at all ages, it is necessary to use a variety of analgesic drugs during the procedure, especially among children.

We aimed to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK) and midazolam-ketamine (MK) compounds in the sedation of children (2-6 years old) undergoing ESWL.

This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed on children aged 2 to 6 years with renal stones undergoing ESWL. The participants were randomly assigned to the DK and MK regimen groups (dexmedetomidine, 0.05 mcg/kg within 10 minutes infusion; midazolam, 0.05 mg/kg within 3 minutes infusion; ketamine, 0.5 mg/kg bolus injection). The patients were assessed with respect to sedation degree, post-procedure hemodynamic status, recovery time and awakening, and operator satisfaction.

Recovery time was significantly shorter in the DK group than in the MK group. Also, the DK regimen was more analgesic than the MK regimen; therefore, the need to repeat ketamine administration was less. There was no difference between the 2 methods in terms of cooperation at the time of separation of children from their parents, patient cooperation during the procedure, average verbal response time and average cooperation time after entering recovery, and operator satisfaction with the operation. No side effects were observed in the 2 groups.

Ketamine with dexmedetomidine is associated with greater analgesia and shorter recovery time; however, sedation time was longer (insignificant) in ketamine with midazolam than in ketamine with dexmedetomidine. Thus, ketamine with dexmedetomidine is more preferred.

In this paper, a new and environmentally friendly approach has been developed to determine the levels of lead in plant samples. To preconcentrate the lead ion, SA-DLLME (surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction) was used in the study of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The influence of the following analytical parameters on the quantitative recoveries of lead was studied: pH, type and amount of the extraction solvent, type and amount of the dispersing solvent, type and amount of the surfactant, centrifugation time and rate, amount of (APDC), sample volume and amount of matrix. The approach was validated using vegetable samples. The approach offered a (LOD) of 0.28 μg l-1, (LOQ) of 0.933 μg l-1, (RSD) of 1.2-4.3%, (EF) of 85, PF of 30, and ER% of (100.6-102.1)%.

Confirmed and suspected patients with SARS-CoV-2 may fear contagion to others and the severe consequences of the disease. Therefore, theymayfeel loneliness, denial, anxiety, depression, insomnia, andhopelessness, reducing treatment adherence.

This study aimed to discuss the psychological challenges of survivors’ experiences in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

This descriptive phenomenological study explored survivors’ experiences of COVID-19 infection. Validated websites’ stories and notes were used to collect data. The stories were transcribed and analyzed by Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis method. The authors screened the transcribed texts, extracted and summarized meaningful statements, and reported the themes independently. In addition, six criteria of authority, accuracy, objectivity, currency, coverage, and appearance were considered for evaluating web page quality. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 software.

A total of 45 patients’ stories with COVID-19 were analyzed. Four general themes and 11 sub-themes were extracted via reading stories and extracting themes, including stigma (the sub-themes of embarrassment, defame, and Hopelessness), horror (sub-themes of denial, not professional experience, and toward death), different lifestyles (the sub-themes of change, unfriended, and sleeplessness), and freedom (two sub-themes of calmness and Rescue).

Based on the studies, the participants reported high rates of symptoms of fear, change, insomnia, and horror. Supporting COVID-19 patients in these critical conditions is one of the essential components of acute care measures. Specific interventions to promote mental health in exposed patients should be applied immediately and require special attention.