جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « related disorders » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Drug abuse and dependence are the main concerns of societies. Their consequences are of various kinds including psychiatric symptoms. Differentiation of these symptoms from common psychiatric symptoms is difficult. Presence of psychiatric symptoms is considered one of contributing factors in continual drug abuse and dependence. Because of alteration in consumption of drug in recent years and associated psychiatric disorders, the present study aimed to investigate the alterations in type of consumed drug and associated psychiatric disorders.
Determination of drug use pattern in patients admitted to Rasht Psychiatric Hospital.
This descriptive comparative retrospective study was performed on all psychiatric patients(2012 patients), admitted to Shafa hospital during the first six months of the year 2008 and the first six months of 2014 using their psychiatric reports. To investigate the variables (demographic variables, type of consumed drug, method of consumption, psychiatric disorders,…) a demographic questionnaire and A checklist were used. The collected data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 17.
In total, 2012 patients were studied (792 patients in 2008 and 1220 patients in 2014) with the mean age in 2008 and 2014, 34.2 + 11.7 and 37+ 12.6 years, respectively. Most of participants were urban, unmarried, male, unemployed and low graduated. Percentage of drug addiction in samples of years 2008 and 2015 were 11.1% and 17.7%, respectively. The most consumed drug in these two time points were opium and methamphetamine. The method of consumption was smoking. Rate of drug abuse showed a significant increase in psychotic and mood disorders in 2014, compared to those of 2008 (p≤ 0.0001).
The present study showed that the consumption method has altered in recent years and increase in consumption of stimulant drugs has led to the increased prevalence of serious psychiatric disorders which in turn indicates poor prognosis.
Conflict of interest: non declared.

Drug abuse is among the main problems at present time which seriously puts people's physical and mental health at risk. And since mental stress plays an important role in the trend to addiction and disability, it is necessary to recognize people's methods of resistance to stress.
This study was performed to determine the effect of hardiness training on self-esteem and adjustment among addicted male.
This research is a pre-post test and control group. Study sample included 200 addicted men referring to Payam addiction center in Rudsar in 2012 who agreed to participate in the study. Upon getting permission from the technical in-charge of the clinic and presenting the required description to the referred persons about the study process and its objectives, the samples responded to a three-part questionnaire consisting of personal data (age, marital status and education), Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Scale and Bell Adjustment Inventory.
Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Scale includes 58 items and the subjects chose between "Yes and No" options. The grading method of this test was as 0 and 1; positive response was 1 and negative was zero. The minimum grade a subject may take was zero and maximum was 50. In case the subject took more than 4 from eight items of the Polygraph; it means that the test validity was low and the subject attempted to show himself better than what he is.So, the subjects get the grade more than mean score, have high self-esteem and the ones get lower have less self-esteem.
Bell Adjustment Inventory (BAI) included 160 questions and 5 subscales of 32 questions that the subject responded the questions with Yes, No or I dont know; the five subscales included: adjustment at home, health, emotional, job and social. In order to obtain the grades of each adjustment field, based on the determined key 9 – 21: good adjustment; 22 – 47: average adjustment; and finally 48 – 60: weak adjustment.
In order to do the study, the justifying meeting was held for 200 qualified subjects about the study and they were requested to respond the inventory if agree. After responding to the inventory, 57 subjects got lower scores on self-esteem and adjustment. Then it was known that 30 subjects had been selected randomly; they divided into two groups of 15 subjects; control group and test group. Everybody was told they may leave the study anytime they want, and it was emphasized that during the whole training sessions, all names and study results would be kept secret. Moreover, it was reminded that upon completion of the training programs for test group, and in order to take the advantages of training programs, the control group will be under hardiness training, as well. After these processes, hardiness Training sessions were performed as lecture and group discussion for ten 90-minute sessions for test group while control group received none.
At the end after performing the sessions, during the last training sessions, the two control and test groups will complete the research tools again. In order to describe the demographic specifications of the participants and data of pre-test and post-test, the descriptive statistics were applied. ANCOVA was used to distinguish the significant effect of the independent variable on dependant variable.
The subjects were with mean age of 26.1 and majority of them (% 46.6) had secondary education. Analysis of data showed that the mean score of self-esteem in the experimental group in pretest was 21.87.42± 3.502 and 21.93±2.154 in the control group. The mean score of the Adjustment was 59.73±8.59 in the experiment and 60.67±7.62 in the control group. In the posttest, the mean score of self-esteem equaled 33.07±3.43 and the control group 23.13±2.26. Moreover, in the post test the mean of adjustment of the experimental group and the control group were 37.27±6.17 and 57±7.20, respectively. The using of covariance analysis showed that hardiness training increased self-esteem and adjustment significantly (P=0.001)
The results of this study show that participating in hardiness training meeting can affect promotion of self-esteem and adjustment in addicted men. Therefore resistance to mental stress can be increased by promoting hardiness and doing so promote health

This study was performed with the aim of comparing the dosage of opioid consumption for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in people with and without sleep disorder.
In this cohort study for patients who candidate for cataract surgery, Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire was completed and based on the results, patients were divided into 2 groups of normal, and sleep disorder. The same protocol was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in all patients. Total dose of fentanyl consumption was calculated and recorded.
70 patients with the mean age of 63.8 ± 10.7 years were entered (67.1% female). Demographic and baseline characteristics of the patients were not significantly different between normal and sleep disorder groups. Fentanyl consumption for induction and maintenance of anesthesia were lower in the sleep disorder group compared to the normal group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p Based on the findings of this study, it seems that although patients with sleep disorders need a lower dose of opioids for induction and maintenance of anesthesia during surgery, compared to those who are normal in this regard, the difference is not statistically significant.

Adolescents as a high-risk group are prone to addiction. This research aimed to investigate the role of depression, family relationships, and self-efficacy in the prediction of susceptibility to addiction among adolescents.
The present research was a descriptive-correlational study carried out on 546 adolescents of Lorestan province’s high school in school year 2014-2015. The samples were selected through multiple cluster sampling method. Participants responded to demographic characteristics, addiction potential, depression, family relationships, and self-efficacy questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple linear regression.
In this study, depression, family relationships, and self-efficacy was significantly correlated with addiction potential (p The results of this study indicated that depression, family relationships, and self-efficacy are important in the prediction of addiction potential, so that these factors can explain the high degree of variability of addiction potential among adolescents.