religious attitude

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parents' religious attitudes on the mental health of female high school students. The background of the research shows that female students suffer from more mental distress than boys. However, none of the conducted researches is as comprehensive and inclusive as the present study. Therefore, according to the official religion of the country and also the scope of the audience, the necessity of investigating this issue becomes clear.

 The research population consists of all the female high school students of Kahrizak district (650 people) in the 10th to 12th grades who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. The size of the statistical sample in this research was 250 students, who were selected by simple random sampling. In this research, the religious attitudes questionnaire and the SCL90 test were used. The SCL90 test was designed in 1973 by a person named Dragotis and his colleagues. To measure the reliability of the nine dimensions of this test, two methods including internal reliability analysis and test-retest reliability were used for reliability analysis. The questionnaire for measuring the religious attitudes of Muslims was adapted by Sirajzadeh to Shia Islam based on the model of Glock and Shark. In this research, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors of the article reported no conflict of interest.

 The research results showed a significant relationship between parents' religious attitude and students' depression, anxiety and hostility. According to the analysis of findings, there is a 92% inverse and significant relationship between children's hostility and anxiety scores and parents' religious attitudes. This means that with the reduction of parents' religious attitudes, children's hostility and anxiety increase.

 Based on the findings, if correct religious attitudes and belief dimension can be strengthened in the parents of the students, the mental health of the students will increase significantly.

Death anxiety is a significant factor that may exacerbate end-of-life diseases and is a prevalent concern among patients facing terminal illnesses due to the nature of their conditions and the associated high mortality rates. This study aimed to explore the relationship between religious attitudes and death anxiety in patients at the end-of-life.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 80 patients at the end-of-life in 2023. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale, and Golriz and Brahani’s Religious Attitude Questionnaire. The data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16.

In this study, the mean age of the patients was 62.65±4.12 years, the mean death anxiety score was 81.15±11.32, and the mean religious attitude score was 79.13±9.28. The results of the correlation coefficient test between death anxiety and religious attitude found a significant and negative relationship, with increasing religious attitude, death anxiety decreases (r=-0.321, P<0.01). The results of linear regression analysis of death anxiety based on religious beliefs showed that a one-unit change in the religious beliefs component results in a 0.410 change in death anxiety (P<0.05).

The results of this study highlight the critical role of religious attitudes in managing death anxiety among end-of-life patients. By fostering spiritual well-being, healthcare providers can enhance the quality of life for those facing terminal illnesses, ultimately leading to more compassionate and effective care practices.

The Holy Qur'an defines a dual outcome for the believers' jihad in the front of truth, which either leads to victory or martyrdom, and it describes these two as "one of the two virtues" so that there is no negative view of these difficult conditions. be The specific question in the current research is that, based on the view of the Ahl al-Bayt, can the Qur'anic idea mentioned in the definition of the floating end of the good be extended and adapted to the condition of the patient? ? Based on the findings of the comparative analytical method, the Ahl al-Bayt have defined two types of double goodness in two situations: disease leading to health and disease leading to death (with the condition of being a believer). In the first type, the goodness of increasing the ranks of the believer or the goodness of removing the sins of the believer is defined. In the second type, the duality of goodness in death is depicted by freedom from the pain and suffering of the world, or goodness in death by cleansing from sins. As a result, it was found that religious education enlightens the believer patient's view of his future under any circumstances and eliminates any negativity towards the future. Also, the spiritual effects of the disease in the believer's view find maximum inclusion in the faith society; Not that only believers who have a high position can achieve it.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of religious attitude on the critical thinking of students in the field of educational management of Azad University, Bushehr branch.
The research method was applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of execution method. The statistical population included 216 students of Bushehr Azad University's educational management field in 1402. In the present study, the statistical sample size was determined by using Cochran's formula of 120 people who were selected in the accessible way. The research questionnaires include the religious attitude measurement questionnaire (religiosity scale) by Khodayari Fard et al. (2012) with four components of religious belief, religious emotions, religious behavior and social pretense in the form of 40 questions, as well as the critical thinking questionnaire of California Fashion (1989) in the form of 24 was a question and data analysis was done in SPSS software version 26.
The findings showed that the components of religious attitude including religious belief, religious emotions, religious behavior and social pretense are 17.9%, 28%, 15.9% and 21% effective on students' critical thinking, respectively.
The results showed that religious attitude has a 30% effect on the critical thinking of students in the field of educational management of Bushehr Azad University, and in other words, one unit increase in the variable of religious attitude leads to an increase of 0.763 units in the variable of critical thinking in students of the field of educational management. It can be a conclusion; it should be mentioned that critical thinking is one of the most important elements of liberating education.

This research was carried out with the aim of determining the relationship between the cognitive regulation of couples' emotions and the conflicts between them with the quality of life and religious attitude in students. The descriptive research method is correlation type. In this research, the statistical population consisted of all married students of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran branch, who were studying in the academic year of 2001-2002. The research sample was 200 people. The sampling method in this study was a multi-stage cluster. In order to collect data, Gratz and Romer (2004) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaires, Kansas Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (1985), Weir and Sherborn (1992) Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Khodayari Fard's Religious Attitude Questionnaire (2012) were used. The data was analyzed through multivariate regression test in spss software. The results showed that all correlation coefficients calculated between cognitive regulation of emotions and marital conflicts with quality of life and religious attitude were negative and significant at the alpha level of 0.01 (p<0.01). The cognitive regulation of emotion can explain the changes related to the quality of life and religious attitude well, and it shows the appropriateness of the presented regression model. Also, marital conflicts can explain the changes related to the quality of life and religious attitude well, and it shows the appropriateness of the presented regression model. And according to the value of the t-statistic obtained, which is significant at the alpha level of 0.01, it is concluded that marital conflicts negatively and significantly predict the quality of life and religious attitude of married students.

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between religious attitudes and the meaning of life in the employees of Abadan University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross-sectional-correlation study, 313 employees of the University of Medical Sciences were included in the study using the available sampling method. The questionnaire on religious attitudes and the meaning of life was used with Iranian validity and reliability. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis. Analyzes were performed using SPSS version 27 software at a significance level of 0.05.

About half (48.88%) of the participants were male employees. The highest score of the religious attitude component was related to the experiential component (religious emotions) (p<0.001). The components of religious attitude and meaning of life were different in different subgroups of employees. A positive and weak correlation was observed between the "existence of meaning" component and religious attitude components.

The results of the study showed that there is a weak relationship between the meaning of life and religious attitudes in employees. It is obvious to strengthen the ritual and belief dimension in the employees and to provide its infrastructure in the offices of the organizations. Although religious attitude is one of the determinants of the meaning of life, other factors affect the meaning of people's lives

Attitude towards marriage is closely related to marriage and indirectly related to the issue of fertility in the country. This study investigates the social factors affecting the attitude towards marriage among female students of Yazd University.

The present study is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018. The research is correlational, and two-hundred female students living in Yazd University dormitory were selected by random sampling method. The Phillips social support questionnaire, the marriage attitude scale, and the Duke Religious questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression.

The Pearson correlation test showed a significant relationship between attitude to marriage with social support and also attitude to marriage and religious attitude. The results showed that the prediction percentage of the variable is related to the variables of religious attitude (12%), household dimension (18%), and education level (22%) and in total, they have the greatest impact on the attitude towards marriage.

This research has shown that the higher the social support is the more positive attitudes toward marriage. According to the results of the study, the focus of cultural and social policymakers on the variables of religious attitude, level of education, and family size is suggested to a positive change in the attitude towards marriage and encourage more young people to marry.

In recent years, researchers have paid increasing attention to the concept of resilience against disasters. Natural disasters, which are part of the human life and increase in number and diversity every day, have been raised as a fundamental challenge to achieving sustainable development of human societies. The aim of this study was to predict the social resilience of citizens against natural disasters based on religious attitudes with the mediating role of corona anxie ty .

Methods :

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of method of implementation. The statistical population of this study included all citizens of 15th district of Tehran in 2021. From the present statistical populatio n, a sample size of 380 people was selected by stratified random sampling method based on Morgan’s table. Data were collected using the George Religious Attitude Questionnaire, the Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire and the Alipour’s Corona Anxie ty Scale. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, regression, and path analysis. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests .

The results of data analysis showed that religious attitude can predict the positive and safe emotions of citizens and control negative effects. It was also found that corona anxiety could play a mediating role in predicting citizens' social resilience to natural disaste rs based on religious attitudes .

It can be stated that to promote citizens’ social resilience to disasters, in addition to paying attention to the religious attitude of individuals, experts and thinkers should use programs to reduce anxiety .

Water scarcity is a daunting challenge in most areas of the world, with at least one in six people in the world does not have access to safe drinking water. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between religious attitudes and water saving in students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2021.

This descriptive study was conducted on 299 students who were selected by the convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were the water conservation tendency and the religious attitude standard questionnaires (Marzban et al., 2019). Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using an independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient statistics tests.

The mean scores of religious attitude and tendency towards water saving were 4.19±0.5 and 4.25±0.36, respectively. Moreover, 92.3% and 100% of students were in favarouble conditions in terms of religious attitude and water saving, respectively. The tendency to save water consumption had a significant relationship with the university of students (P <0.05). The correlation between religious attitude and the tendency towards water saving was statistically significant (R= 0.483; P ≤0.001).

According to the positive relationship between religious attitude and tendency towards water saving consumption, as well as the religious context of our society, we can use this potential in the field of environmental protection and water saving.

Due to the emergence of a positive approach to mental health in recent years, psychological well-being as one of the factors in the growth of education has attracted the attention of researchers. In this respect, identification of the factors affecting it is essential. Considering the importance of psychological well-being and its related variables, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between moral intelligence and psychological well-being with the mediating role of moral reasoning and religious attitude.

The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included high school principals in Ardabil, Iran, in 2020, out of whom 137 were selected by simple sampling method based on Morgan’s table and the ratio of men and women. To collect data, four questionnaires were used by Lenik and Kiel’s Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, Golriz and Braheni’s Religious Attitude, Manavipour’s Ethical Reasoning and Reef’s Psychological Welfare. Structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Based on the results, the variables of moral hash, moral reasoning and religious attitude had a direct effect on psychological well-being. Also, moral intelligence had an indirect and significantly positive effect on psychological well-being mediated by moral reasoning and religious attitude.

According to the research results and considering the positive effect of moral intelligence on increasing the psychological well-being of school principals and the need of the society for healthy, vibrant and productive people, teaching moral intelligence to principals is of special importance. Also, considering the effective role of moral reasoning and religious attitudes in the psychological well-being of managers, special attention should be paid to religious attitudes and creative reasoning of managers.

Among different groups, students are considered human capital who are in charge of the future of society, and the efforts to promote the health of this group provide the ground for the realization of a dynamic and healthy life. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between religious attitude and social health in students of Chabahar Maritime University.

This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population was 360 students studying at Chabahar Maritime University, Iran in 2022. A stratified random sampling method was used. Data were collected by completing three questionnaires: demographic, religious attitudes, and social health.

The mean scores of students' religious attitude and social health were 134.7±9.5 and 97.3±7.7, respectively. There was a significant relationship between marital status and social health. Pearson correlation showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between religiosity and social health.

According to the current findings, students with higher religious attitudes have better social health. Policymakers in Chabahar Maritime University should pay attention to spiritual and religious attractions in the social health promotion programs for students.

The current research aims at the investigating the relationship between religious attitudes and social anxiety of female students of Yazd university. The research is categorized as quantitative and applied in which correlation is used in order to determine the relation between variables. The population was all the female students of Yazd University in 2018, 150 of which was chosen through random sampling. The research tools were Seraj Zadeh’s religious attitudes questionnaire and social phobia inventory of connor. Pearson was used to determine the relation between variables and multiple linear regression was used to determine the predicted variance. The results showed that there is an inverse and significant relationship between religious attitudes and social anxiety. All of the dimentions of religious attitudes were in significant relation with social anxiety but the experimental one. The consequential dimension was in significant and direct relation with social anxiety while the belief and ritualistic dimensions are in significant and inverse relation with social anxiety. The analysis of data showed that religious attitude can predict 15 percent of variance of social anxiety.

This study was carried out in 2018 to investigate the relationship between religious attitudes and hope and anxiety of death in elderly residents of Kahrizak.

This study was a descriptive-Analytical which 220 elderly nursing home residents in 2018 were selected through simple sampling. Information were collected by the religious attitudes questionnaire, Templer Death Anxiety questionnaire and Schneider hope questionnaire. SPSS software and Spearman correlation coefficient and partial correlation were used to analyze the data. 

The mean of religious attitudes, hope and death anxiety in the elderly were respectively (56/19), (15/71) and (9/89). There were direct and significant correlation between religious attitudes and hope (p<0.05, r=0.15) and between religious attitudes and anxiety of death (p<0.05, r= - 0.15) and there were indirect and significant correlation between hope and anxiety of death (p<0.05, r= - 0.43). There was an indirect and significant correlation between death anxiety and religious attitudes by controlling the variable effect of hope (p<0.05, r= - 0.12)

According to the results of the research, we concluded that for decreasing the anxiety in the elderly, encouraging them to participate in religious rituals such as fasting, prayer, mourning … and also increasing the hope to reduce anxiety against the inseparable problems of life is essential.

Identifying factors related to the mental health of the elderly is one of the topics of interest in the field of geriatric psychology. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between life expectancy and religious attitudes with psychological hardiness of elder peoples with regard to the mediating role of social support.

This study was a descriptive-correlational study and structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis. The statistical population consisted of all elder people in Tehran, 329 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method and They responded to Ahwaz psychological hardiness questionnaires, life expectancy, religious attitudes, and social support scales.

Structural equation modeling showed that the hypothetical model of research has a good fit with the data and also the direct path of life expectancy variables, religious attitudes and social support to psychological hardiness was significant (P <0.05). It has also been shown that social support variable has a significant mediating effect between life expectancy and religious attitudes with psychological stubbornness.

Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to consider the mediating role of social support in the relationship between life expectancy and religious attitudes with psychological hardiness and therapists to incorporate this component in their therapeutic practice.

The purpose of the research is to investigate the effect of religious aesthetics based on the opinion of Islamic philosophers on the religious attitude and mindfulness of middle school students in Tehran.

The statistical population of this research is all the first high school students of Tehran city who are engaged in activities in 2019-2020. The sample size was estimated to be 384 people using Cochran's sampling formula. The religious aesthetics questionnaire based on the opinion of Islamic philosophers includes 14 categories of the dimensions of knowledge, perception and knowledge, moderation and knowledge, motivation and taste, types of beauty, types of beauty, education and knowledge, skill and knowledge development, pain and pleasure, divine and spiritual understanding, It was wonder and pleasure, divine knowledge and knowledge, love and affection, art and 86 questions. In order to collect information on students' religious attitudes, the standard questionnaire for measuring religious attitudes and religiosity by Khodayari Fard et al. (2008) was used.

The results of the research showed that religious aesthetics based on the opinion of Islamic philosophers had an impact on the religious attitude and mindfulness of students of the first secondary school in Tehran.

Aesthetics is a science that discusses the perception of issues related to beauty. Education systems are always looking for ways to improve the quality and education and flourishing of students' talents.

Belief in God and hope play an important role in continuing the life of all members of society, especially the sick ones. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious attitude and positivism and life expectancy due to the mediating role of psychological hardiness and perceived stress in patients in hospitals in Kerman.

The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The study population was all patients in Kerman hospitals in 2019-2020, out of which 250 people were selected by random multi-stage cluster sampling. The research instruments included Schneider et al.chr('39')s Life Examination Questionnaire, Golriz and Baraheni’s Religious Attitude Questionnaire, Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire, Cohen et al.’s Perceived Stress Scale, and Scheier and Carver’s Life-orientation Test. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Mean and standard deviation of religious attitude variables 61.99±4.38, life expectancy 27.70±3.31, psychological hardiness 34.91±3.49, perceived stress 37.01±3.30 and positivism was 29.25±3.35. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between research variables and the model had a good fit with the data and all coefficients were significant so that psychological toughness and perceived stress had a significant mediating role among religious attitudes, positivism and life expectancy (p<0.001).

Positivism and religious attitude can predict life expectancy positively and meaningfully, both directly and through the medium of life expectancy. It seems that paying attention to the presented model will be useful in the treatment program and counseling of patients.