rosaceae

Inflammation is one of the main causes of many non-infectious diseases like asthma, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Various inflammatory mediators and pathways are involved in the inflammation process. Also, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the stimulus of pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to serious damages. The edible fruits from the Rosaceae family are commonly consumed in daily diets and contain phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite their numerous biological and clinical advantages, the application of Rosaceae fruit extracts in the formulation of pharmaceuticals for managing chronic inflammatory diseases is being neglected. This review will summarize the current state of knowledge on phytochemicals, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies of the most popular Rosaceae fruits. It will also highlight the suggested molecular mechanisms of action for their anti-inflammatory properties. The databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched with keywords such as phytochemical, anti-inflammatory, and the scientific name of each fruit. All studies support the antioxidant activity of Rosaceae fruits. In several studies, the inactivation of the NF-κB pathway was identified as the main anti-inflammatory mechanism of action. In many studies in vitro exposure to fruit extracts resulted in reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Some studies also reported an increase in the secretion of IL-10 and a number of studies revealed the inhibitory effects of fruit extracts on COX-1 and COX-2. In conclusion, the potential of these extracts in formulating functional foods and pharmaceuticals to improve inflammatory conditions should be further explored.

The fruit of Rosa canina L., commonly known as rosehip, has a long history of use in treating various disorders such as osteoarthritis and cardiovascular diseases. However, like many other herbal extracts, rosehip dried extract presents challenges due to its hygroscopic and sticky properties. This poses difficulties in developing solid pharmaceutical dosage forms utilizing rosehip extract. Hence, the objective of this study was to formulate and standardize a tablet containing rosehip extract. To achieve this goal, a novel wet granulation method was employed in this study to develop a tablet formulation of rosehip extract. This method utilized rosehip concentrated extract as a granulation liquid, and double granulation was employed to optimize the content of the extract. Various formulations were systematically evaluated to determine the optimal composition and ratio of excipients. Subsequently, the final formulations underwent rigorous assessment of their physicochemical properties and stability. Rosehip extract and its tablets were standardized based on ascorbic acid and total polyphenol content, using HPLC and Folin-Ciocalteu methods accordingly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the double-wet-granulation method in a tablet formulation design along with an examination of its impact on the total polyphenol content of the extract. The key advantage of employing this method lies in its capability to incorporate liquid extract into a solid formulation, thereby facilitating the accommodation of escalating dosages of extract in each tablet. However, it is important to note that this method does come with certain limitations. Primarily, the extended formulation process necessitates prolonged exposure of active ingredients to heat and oxygen, which may potentially affect their stability and efficacy.

The rate of neonatal jaundice is increasing. Due to the complications associated with phototherapy, researchers have consistently sought alternative methods, including herbal remedies.

In this study, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of Purgative manna consumption on the serum bilirubin levels of neonates.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we conducted an online search on various databases, including Barakat Gostar, scientific information database (SID), Magiran, IranDoc, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane and the Google Scholar search engine, without time restrictions, up to July 20, 2023. Data analysis was performed using the STATA software, version 14. Meanwhile, the significance level was considered P<0.05.

We examined 12 clinical trial articles, involving a total of 1557 neonates. Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the bilirubin levels of neonates between the two groups (standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.12%, 0.09%; P=0.473). After Cotoneaster consumption, the serum bilirubin levels of the intervention group decreased (SMD=-3.50; 95% CI, -5.76%, -1.24%; P=0.000). Following phototherapy, the bilirubin levels of the control group also decreased (SMD=-2.14; 95% CI, -4.01%, -0.27%; P=0.000). After the intervention, at 12 h (SMD=-0.45; 95% CI, -0.80%, -0.10%; P=0.000), 24 h (SMD=-0.63; 95% CI, -1%, -0.26%; P=0.000), 36 h (SMD=-0.95; 95% CI, -1.69%, -0.20%; P=0.000), 48 h (SMD=-0.62; 95% CI, -0.92%, -0.31%; P=0.000), and 72 h (SMD=-0.84; 95% CI, -1.40%, -0.29%; P=0.000) post-intervention, the bilirubin levels of neonates in the Cotoneaster group were lower compared to the control group.

Cotoneaster consumption is more effective than phototherapy alone in reducing the bilirubin levels of neonates.

Increasing antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and the advantages that natural compounds have over synthetic chemicals led to more investigation of plant resources. Rosa damascena is one of the valuable species of the Rosaceae family that has different therapeutic effects. This review studies the antimicrobial effects of R. damascene and its derivation in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease and bibliometric analysis at the family level.

Data collection was done from Scopus and Web of Science databases and after choosing the database that published the most data, the information was analyzed by VOSviewer and Bibliometrix-package.

The results of most research show the antimicrobial effect of this plant against human pathogens. The bibliometric results of 412 searched documents also revealed that most of the published documents belong to the countries of China, Iran and Turkey. The process of publishing documents over the years has generally increased and the keyword "Rosaceae" has been used more than others.

In this review article, scientific documents related to the role of R. damascene and its derivation showed this plant have potential in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as dental caries, periodontal diseases.

Agrimonia eupatoria is a perennial herb belonging to the Rosaceae family that all its parts are used to treat various diseases. In this article, we aimed to present a comprehensive review on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and therapeutic effects of this plant. We searched various databases and summarized the data documented in literature from 1976 to 2020. Agrimonia eupatoria has effects on various kinds of cancer, oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis B, and liver damage. It also has anti-adhesive, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. It induces nitric oxide and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Phytochemical studies related to this plant has led to isolation and identification of tannins, coumarins, and flavonoids as the most active chemicals with biological effects. Based on this comprehensive review about Agrimonia eupatoria, there will be more opportunities for investigators to search and discover ways to use bioactive agents of this herb to develop new Agrimony based medicines.

Traditionally, Geum species from Rosaceae family have been used for treating inflammatory disorders. Geum iranicum Khatamsaz is endemic to Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Geum iranicum methanol extract G. iranicum methanol extract using classical models.

The methanol extract of G. iranicum roots was evaluated for antinociceptive activity by acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests in male Swiss albino mice. The anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by Carrageenan-induced paw edema method.

The extract significantly inhibited both the first and second phases of formalin-induced nociception in mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg compared to the control group. In acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate method, the extract significantly reduced pain behavior in all doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). The antinociceptive activity of the extract was significantly reduced by naloxone (4 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was found to be dose dependent. The extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg exhibited significant reduction of paw edema in all surveyed times.

The results showed that the methanol extract of G. iranicum roots possessed central analgesic activity via modulation of opioid receptors as well as anti-inflammatory activity. The observed effects could be attributed to the presence of constituents like triterpenoids, eugenol, sucrose and tannins in the extract.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age dependent disorder. AD is associated with decrease of brain acetylcholine level. Nowadays, one of the methods for progression inhibition of AD is using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Rosaceae is a large plant family. Different biological effects of some species of this family have been reported. The aim of the present study was to assess the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI) activity of the selected plants belonging to Rosaceae family.

AChEI activity of six species from Rosaceae including Cotoneaster nummularia, Cerasus microcarpa, Amygdalus scoparia, Agrimonia eupatoria, Rosa canina and Rosa damascena were evaluated based on Ellman’s method in concentration of 300 µg/mL using total extracts and methanol fractions which were obtained by maceration.

The results showed that the total extract and methanol fraction of the aerial parts of A. eupatoria demonstrated significant AChEI activity with 46.5% and 56.2% inhibition of the enzyme, respectively.

According to the results of the AChEI activity of the methanol fraction of A. eupatoria, it seems that the polar components of the species such as flavonoids may be responsible for its effectiveness.

Chemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Prunus armeniaca kernel oil were evaluated in this study. The hexane extracts of kernel of P. armeniaca, which were collected from northwestern Iran, were obtained by Soxhlet apparatus. The fatty acids were derived to methyl esters and determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems. The oil from kernel extract contained ω-6 (51.6%). The other main components were hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) (23.0%), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) (10.6%) and 9 hexadecenoic acid (2.7%). Hexane extract of kernels from P. armeniaca detected as an important source of ω-6 compound. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results indicate that hexane extract from P. armeniaca kernels possess considerable antioxidant activity. The IC50 values in the DPPH assay was 165μg/ mL. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae), as well as three fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger). The bioassay showed that the oil exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity. This study reveals that the hexanic extract from kernel of this fruit is attractive sources of ω-6.