self-awareness

God-awareness is seeing God as present and observing oneself, and a God-aware person is self-aware. The aim of this research is to identify the Qur'anic components of God-awareness and self-awareness.

According to the results, this research is qualitative and its method is analytical involving inferential analysis. The analysis of the data was conducted using coding methods by examining the text of eleven volumes of Tafsir al-Mizan in terms of the concepts of God-awareness and self-awareness until theoretical saturation was achieved. In this research, all ethical considerations have been observed, and the authors of the article have reported no conflicts of interest.

Based on the obtained results, open codes include 13 concepts, axial codes consist of 10 categories, and selective codes comprise 7 categories, which are as follows: human dependence on God, human submission to God, attention to self, neglect of self, drawing closer to God, servitude to God, and God-awareness-self-awareness.

The results of this study, based on the extracted constructs, can be used to improve one of the components of life skills, which is self-awareness, with an emphasis on self-awareness and dependence on God.

The present study aimed to present a causal model of self-awareness in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients based on visual-spatial development and perceived physical fitness with the mediating role of self-control. 

The statistical population of this correlational study included all patients with MS in Borujerd, Iran, in 2023-2024, of which 300 people were selected by convenience sampling. The questionnaires of visual-spatial development, perceived physical fitness, self-control, and self-awareness were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and AMOS software. 

The findings showed that visual-spatial development affected self-control (β= 0.54 and value 8.09) and self-awareness (β= 0.67 and value 11.76); perceived physical fitness had an effect on self-control (β=0.59 and value 9.96) and self-awareness (β= 0.55 and value 8.85) and self-control affected self-awareness (β= 0.47 and value 6.70) (P< 0.01). The findings also showed that the present model explained 33 percent of the variance in self-control and 42 percent of the variance in self-awareness. In addition, self-control plays a role as a mediating variable in the relationship between exogenous variables and self-awareness. 

According to the results, increasing self-control and consequently increasing the level of visual-spatial development and perceived physical fitness will improve the level of self-awareness in patients with MS. This suggests that relevant authorities should pay more attention to the role of self-control as a mediating variable.

Despite advancements in scientific research and improvements in medical treatments, individuals with chronic conditions such as type 1 diabetes are living longer than ever before. However, they face significant challenges related to mental health and adaptation. This study aimed to predict health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on health anxiety, diabetes self-management, and emotional self-awareness, with emotion regulation as a mediating variable among adolescents with type I diabetes.

This descriptive-correlational study included 250 adolescents diagnosed with type I diabetes from Isfahan province, selected through convenience sampling based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1992), the Health Anxiety Questionnaire (Salkovskis & Warwick, 2002), the Diabetes Self-Management Scale (Schmitt et al., 2013), the Emotional Awareness Questionnaire (Grant et al., 2002), and the Emotion Regulation Scale (Garnefski et al., 2001). The data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and AMOS 21 software at both descriptive and inferential levels.

The findings indicated that health anxiety, diabetes self-management, and emotional self-awareness were significantly correlated with emotion regulation, collectively explaining 29% of the variance in this construct. Furthermore, emotion regulation and emotional self-awareness were significantly associated with HRQoL, together accounting for 49% of the variance in this outcome.

The results suggest that improving emotion regulation through interventions targeting health anxiety, diabetes self-management, and emotional self-awareness may enhance HRQoL in adolescents with type I diabetes. This, in turn, could promote better mental health and help mitigate the complications associated with type I diabetes.

Spirituality is an essential aspect of human existence, a path to inner peace, and the exaltation of the soul. The present study aimed to design and validate a spirituality-oriented educational package as an applied program to enhance the spirituality of youth by specialists.

This research employed a qualitative method and a systematic review based on the nature of the study. After a systematic review of scientific literature (42 documents), a new spirituality-oriented educational package was developed to empower the spirituality of youth aged 25 to 40. The program was designed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes each.

Data analysis using MAXQDA and SPSS-24 software revealed that the content of the educational sessions had excellent validity (CVR>0.49). Moreover, according to the specialists, the components of this educational package included empowerment (responsibility, self-awareness, and resilience), transcendence (faith, remembrance, prayer, belief in God, and reliance on God), and connectedness (love, forgiveness, and hope).

As the educational program has appropriate validity, it is suggested that therapists and educators use this novel educational approach to overcome the spiritual challenges faced by youth.

Life skills are a set of abilities designed by the World Health Organization to promote the quality of life and recommend it to all members of society. This study aimed to determine and evaluate the effective components of the life skills course.

The present research was a qualitative and of the phenomenology model. Using purposive based sampling method, 20 participants of life skills course were selected who met the studying criteria including the maximum absence of 2 sessions in a 10-session course, age over 18 years, and personal consent to participate in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured and individual open-ended interviews until data saturation was achieved. The recorded interviews were then handwritten and analyzed.

Qualitative analysis of the interviews led to the extraction of five themes: “cognitive and emotional self-awareness,” “group dynamics,” “content capability in conceptualization and operation of structures and processes,” “gaining insight and unconscious change,” and “self-compassion formation.

According to the obtained results, life skills training in a participatory and active method based on a coherent protocol in a context of intimacy, empathy and non-judgmental group atmosphere, leads to increased self-awareness and motivation and belief in the change in individuals. This underscores the need to focus on psychological education in a participatory and active manner.

Non-duality leadership follows the course of human being, and on this basis, it brought human evolution and growth. A person who is placed in this spiritual path and moves towards the peak of oneness and godliness will also enjoy spiritual health. Therefore, in this research, we seek to identify the strategies that non-duality leadership promotes the spiritual health of employees.

The present study is a qualitative research of thematic analysis type. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview conducted with 13 experts. To analyze the interviews, thematic analysis such as descriptive coding, interpretive coding, and integration through overarching themes were used.

According to the interviews conducted with experts and based on the coding done, 13 non-duality leadership strategies were identified for the spiritual health of employees, and these 13 strategies are under the 4 main themes of spiritual actions, spiritual connection, thoughtful actions, and Self-awareness was categorized.

Nom-duality leadership, according to the strategies it creates in the context of the movement and being transformation of people, also facilitates their spiritual health in the light of the journey in the being worlds. Therefore, the identified strategies will improve the spiritual health of the employees as well as the spiritual perfection of their inner path.

One of the factors that causes academic progress is emotional intelligence. The knowledge of the EI status can be effective in success. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of online emotional self-awareness training on academic motivation and emotional intelligence (EI) of dental students in Isfahan, Iran. 

This is a case-control study with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. Participants were 60 students of the School of Dentistry at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2021, who were randomly divided into two groups of 30 including case and control. For the case group, one three-hour session of emotional self-awareness training was provided virtually. Bradberry-Greaves' EI test was used to measure EI and Vallerand’s academic motivation scale was used to measure academic motivation. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26 using paired t-test, and independent t-test, and analysis of variance.

No significant differences were found immediately and one month after the intervention between the two groups in academic motivation and its domains (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation) or in EI and its domains (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management) (P>0.05).

Online emotional self-awareness training has no effect on academic motivation and EI of dental students.

Parenting styles are one of the important issues that guarantee the comprehensive growth and self-awareness of children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a Quranic parenting style on the self-awareness of children.  This case-control study was conducted by pre-test-post-test method. The statistical population included male and female sixth grade students of Ghaemshahr in the academic year 2021-22 with 2456 students. The sample size was determined 100 people (50 people of each gender) based on Cohen's table and cluster random method. The Fenigstein, Sher & Buss (1975) self-awareness questionnaire and the Quranic parenting training package developed by the researcher (1400) were used to collect data. Before training mothers, pre-test was performed among students of both groups. Then, the model of Quranic parenting was taught to the mothers of the case group in twelve 90-minute sessions during one month. After the training, the post-test was performed among the students of both groups. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance using SPSS v.22 software.  The findings showed that the mean scores of selfawareness of the students in the case group in the post-test were 10.12 points higher than the pre-test; But in the control group, slight changes (0.480 scores) were observed and the Quranic parenting style was 36.3% effective in students' self-awareness (ƞ2=0.363). Increase of the mean scores of the post-test in case group compared to the control group, confirms the effectiveness of the educational intervention

 The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between self-care and self-compassion, mindfulness, self-awareness and self-knowledge in college students. The research method was descriptive and correlational.

 The statistical population was all students of Islamic Azad University, Shahrood branch in 1402. The sampling method will be simple random sampling. Research questionnaires include Tobert and Glasgow's diabetes self-care questionnaire (2002), Baer et al.'s mindfulness questionnaire (2006), integrated self-knowledge scale standard questionnaire (ISK, Ghorbani, Watson and Hargis, 2008; quoted by Jalili Rad, 2013), self-awareness questionnaire It was private. Multiple regression and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyze the research data. All statistical operations of the research were considered using SPSS version 25 software with a significance level of P<0.05.

  The results showed that between the variables of self-care and self-compassion (r=0.26, p<0.001, 250df), between self-care and mindfulness (r=0.79, p<0.001, 250df), There is a significant positive relationship between self-awareness and self-care (r=0.32, p<0.001, 250df), and between self-awareness and self-care (r=0.67, p>0.001, 250df).

 According to the research results, it can be said that there is a significant positive relationship between self-care and all research variables. It is suggested that more research be done in this regard.

Since basic skills training, focusing on personal skills as well as awareness of the dangers, can play an important role in enhancing students' self-care ability. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-care skill plan in seventh grade female students in two districts of Bandar Abbas.

 Therefore, this research is descriptive in terms of research purpose and is applied in terms of research results. Because the results can be applied to the organizations studied. The statistical population included all 7th grade female students in two schools of Bandar Abbas district in the school year of 1397-98. The number of them was 1483 students who were implemented in sixth grade schools in Bandar Abbas during the last academic year. Seventh grade female students were selected through simple random sampling from several schools. The tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 32 questions based on a Likert scale (very low, low, limited, excess, and very high). For the analysis and processing of information extracted Questionnaire of Univariate t-test and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed using SPSS and LISREL software

 Exploratory factor analysis showed that the components of self-awareness, self-worth, interpersonal skills and general cognition of high-risk behaviors are the factors affecting students' self-care skills. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the items of each factor are factor burden. They have an acceptable level.

Identifying the factors influencing adolescent girls' self-care skills helps them to move from disabilities and skill weaknesses to strong and constructive skills. Teaching these skills can start a movement in the evolution of educational programs to be used in the light of those skills, topics and educational materials as they exist in everyday life, and to link the chains of communication with the real world of students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training (self-awareness and effective communication) on the self-efficacy and low self-esteem of primary school students.

The research method is experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of the second year students of elementary schools in Bashahrad city in the academic year 1398-1989. The instruments used were Gambryl and Ritchie Expression Questionnaire and Chick-Briggs Shyness Questionnaire. The research sample was selected by stage cluster random sampling method and then 40 subjects were randomly selected from 3 schools and two classes in each school and from 6 randomly selected classes in two groups of 20 students and control. 20 students were replaced. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The results showed that training life skills (self-awareness and effective communication) with regard to variable mean of Existence of the experimental group and also of the control group mean increase the Existence of the Expermental group. Also, the mean of the experimental group decreased the likelihood of the test group to the mean of the control group.

Therefore, life skills training (self-awareness and effective communication) has an impact on increasing self-esteem and decreasing self-esteem.

The main life skills could promote adolescents' self-esteem. However, to teach all skills requires many resources and prioritization. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate on factors that predict self-esteem in adolescent girls.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 student girls aged 12-14 years old in Birjand, Iran  in 2018 using cluster sampling. Data collected using the Life Skills and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaires. Self-esteem was the dependent variable and the ten main life skills were the independent variables. Statistical analysis was performed using regression in order to assess the predictive factors of self-esteem in adolescent girls.

The mean life skills scores was 138.23 ± 80.26 and the mean self-esteem score was 4.98 ± 4.41. Regression analysis showed that among the ten main life skills, self-awareness (p<0/001), interpersonal relationships (p=0/004) and creative thinking (p=0/005) had a significant relationship with self-esteem. Interpersonal relationships influences creative thinking, and they both influence self-awareness. Self-awareness was the strongest predictor. In other words, the adolescent will have a higher self-esteem by knowing more about strengths and weaknesses and desire of themselves.

The findings suggest that in order to improve self-esteem among adolescents the focus should be on teaching self-awareness, interpersonal relationships and creative thinking skills.

Emotional regulation is the process of changing individuals emotions to adapt and adjust to their environment. One of the factors that affects “emotional regulation” is “self-awareness”. “Self-awareness” is the accurate identification of the situation by knowing and controlling of your feelings, thoughts, motivations and behaviors. Some studies shows the weakness of “emotion regulation” and “self-awareness” skills of delinquent adolescents. Regarding the fact that lack of skills in these two variables may be associated with mental disorders, such as conduct disorder, and delinquency, the aim of this study was the comparison of “emotion regulation” and “self- awareness” between normal adolescents and delinquent adolescents of the correctional center in the city of Isfahan. To do this, in a causal-comparative study, 130 delinquent adolescents and 130 normal adolescents were selected using available sampling research method and these two variables were evaluated. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed the significant lower scores of “cognitive assessment”, also “personal and general self-awareness” of delinquent adolescents compared with normal adolescents, However higher scores in terms of “expression inhibition. As a result findings confirmed the differences of “emotional regulation” and “self-awareness” between normal and delinquent adolescents.

This study was conducted due to the increasing importance of ethics in providing nursing care and also due to the role of nurses' moral intelligence in quality of care; meanwhile, the role of authentic leadership (AL) in enhancing the moral intelligence of nurses working in Kerman University of Medical Sciences hospitals was investigated. This is a mixed methods research. In this study, after defining nurses’ moral intelligence model qualitatively, the relationship between nurses’ moral intelligence and authentic leadership (AL) was tested quantitatively.In order to study authentic leadership, the AL standard questionnaire of Walumbwa & et al (2008) with a reliability of 0.917 was used; moreover, a researcher-made questionnaire was used for investigating moral intelligence with overall validity (81%) and reliability (0.961). The statistical population of the study consisted of 400 hospital nurses selected by stratified sampling method. SPSS20 and Amos24 software, and statistical methods of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis as well as structural equation modeling were used to analyze the research hypotheses.  The results showed a positive and significant relationship between AL and moral intelligence of nurses (0.575). In addition, all components of AL, i. e., self-awareness (0.322), internalized moral perspective (0.360), relational transparency (0.408), balanced processing (0.394) showed a positive and significant relationship with moral intelligence. Applying suitable strategies for enhancing moral intelligence of nurses and improving the quality of nursing care can have a positive effect on the quality of services. The AL in the hospitals' nursing system is one of the most suitable ways for developing the moral intelligence of nurses.

In recent years, psychiatric disorders have been high and these disorders sometimes cause shame experience in families with psychiatric disorders. This research aimed to investigate the prediction of shame experience in families with psychiatric patients based on self-awareness, cognitive flexibility and self-compassion.

This descriptive study was carried out on all families with psychiatric patients in psychiatric wards of the Razi Teaching Hospital of Urmia City during August and September, 2017. A total of 280 person from families with psychiatric patients were selected by accidental sampling method. The research tools included shame attitudes toward mental disorders, self-awareness, cognitive flexibility and self-compassion. Data was analyzed using of SPSS-19 and by Pearson correlation and multiple regression.
It was revealed that the variables of self-awareness, cognitive flexibility and self-compassion had a negative and significant relationship with shame experience in families with psychiatric patients. Also, the predictor variables significantly predicted 24 percent of variance of shame experience in families with psychiatric patients (P<0/01).
The results indicated the importance of self-awareness, cognitive flexibility and self-compassion in predicting the shame experience in families with psychiatric patients. Therefore, in order to reduce the shame experience, counselors and clinical psychologists can increase the self-awareness, cognitive flexibility and self-compassion in families with psychiatric patients.