urine output

Delayed graft function (DGF) is an important clinical outcome following renal transplantation; therefore, it is important to be correctly diagnosed. The DGF is thought to correlate with the first 24-hour urine output (UOP1), and this clinical sign is expected to predict DGF.

This study aimed to discover whether the UOP1 correlates significantly to the DGF incidence and can be a DGF predicting factor. Data Sources: This study compared the incidence of DGF with the UOP1 reported by studies obtained from the electronic databases, namely MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EBSCO. Studies that performed multivariate or bivariate analysis and/or reported sensitivity and specificity were included in this review.

A total of 1719 studies were obtained from the database search, and 2 studies were enrolled from other sources. Out of 1721 studies, 9 studies were recruited in this review, 5 of which reported sensitivity and specificity. Overall, nine of these studies had a low to moderate risk of bias. Almost all studies reported a significant relationship between the UOP1 and DGF. All studies agreed that the UOP1 is a sensitive predictive factor in predicting DGF. The specificity reported by the studies examined in this review varied greatly. The use of optimum cut-off in each study is considered to be the cause of this variability.

The UOP1 is significantly related to the incidence of DGF and is a proper parameter for the prediction of DGF events.

Remifentanil is a narcotic drug used in anaesthesia for establishment of hemodynamic stability. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of remifentanil and fentanyl on urine excretion.
In a randomized clinical trial, 60 patients, who were candidates for elective surgery for lumbar posterior spinal fusion, were divided randomly into two groups of 30 as remifentanil – propofol (R) and fentanyl- propofol (F). Maintenance of anaesthesia drugs in group R included 100 mcg/kg/min propofol and 0.5- 0.25 mcg/kg/min remifentanil. It included 100 mcg/kg/min propofol and 5- 0.5 mcg/kg/min fentanyl in group F. Vital signs and urine output were recorded every half an hour.
The mean age of patients was 49.5± 12.7 years. Urine output in group R showed significantly greater reduction than in group F (p Urine output in patients undergoing lumbar posterior spinal fusion who received remifentanil was less compared to the fentanyl group.

Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) is often complicated by early acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Risk factors and incidence of AKI have been notably high following non-cardiac surgery in the past decade. The aim of this study was to determine the hazard rate of AKI, the effect of risk factors of AKI and also to assess the changes in urine output (UO) as a predictor of AKI using joint modeling in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. In this retrospective cohort study, 400 non-cardiac-operated patients admitted during 3 years to the ICU of Masih Daneshvari Hospital were selected according to the consecutive sample selection method. Random mixed effect model and survival model were used to assess UO changes and the effect of UO and other risk factors on the hazard rate of AKI using joint analysis. AKI occurred in 8.8% of the Iranian non-cardiac-operated patients. Survival model showed that the risk of AKI in lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP), higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (APACHE II score), emergency surgery, longer hospitalization and male patients was higher (P=0.001). Using joint modeling, an association was found between the risk of AKI and UO (-0.19, P=0.002). Several predictors were found to be associated with AKI in the Iranian patients after non-cardiac surgery. A relationship between longitudinal and survival responses was found in this study and joint modeling caused considerable improvement in estimations compared to separate longitudinal and survival models.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of diets containing some hot and cold temperament herb seeds according to Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) on some metabolic parameters in acute (24 h) and sub-acute (7 day) experiments that were performed on rats. For each experiment, effects of diets containing 10% herb seeds in category of hot (anise, fennel, ajowan) and cold (cucumber, watermelon, pumpkin) temperaments were analyzed on body weight gain, food intake, water consumption, urine output, serum glucose (SG) and insulin levels of rats. In the acute experiment, anise or fennel fed groups showed a significant decrease in food intake and there were not any changes in other parameters. The hot temperament groups in comparison with the cold temperament ones showed a significant decrease in food intake and a significant increase in SG level. In the sub-acute experiment, anise and fennel fed groups had a significant decrease in body weight gain on the 4thday. On the 7th day, the anise fed group experienced a significant decrease in body weight gain and a significant increase in SG levels. The groups that were fed hot temperament diets compared to the ones that consumed cold temperament diets showed a significant decrease in body weight gain and food intake rates and a considerable increase in SG levels. Considering the findings of this study, one can conclude that it is possible that hot temperament herbs such as anise and fennel be useful for humans for certain conditions such as weight control.