جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اضطراب" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The age of laboratory animals is an important variable at the time of the experiment. GABA is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized from the amino acid glutamate by the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). GAD67 is the main enzyme responsible for the production of GABA and its reduction causes a decrease in GABA levels. Since the prefrontal cortex is one of the important brain structures in the neuronal circuits of anxiety and there has not been a comprehensive study related to anxiety and the change in gene expression of this enzyme in the prefrontal cortex at different ages, in this study, with the help of the elevated plus maze device, this assay was investigated.

Rats with three age groups of 21, 42 and 360 days were used. At each age, the grouping of animals was as follows: 1) control group, 2) innate anxiety group in which the rats were placed in the elevated maze test, 3) diazepam administration group + innate anxiety group. Immediately after the test, the medial prefrontal cortex of the animals was isolated and evaluated with the help of a real time PCR technique.

Our results showed that anxiety in 21-day-old mice were higher than other ages. GAD67 enzyme expression of the prefrontal cortex did not change in innate anxiety and age had no effect on it (p > 0.05).

It seems that in the prefrontal cortex, other components of the GABAergic system or other neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, etc. and their related mechanisms are involved in innate anxiety.

Objentive (s): 

Students' exposure to multiple stressors can have adverse effects on their future and lead to a decrease in their mental and physical health. Environmental and psychosocial stressors can be considered as common risk factors for the psyche and widely in two-way interaction with anxiety and depression as the most common psychological disorders of the mood distress. Students are more vulnerable or exposed to harms due to their personality and environmental characteristics. Thus this study aimed to risk factors for anxiety, depression and stress among students.

The statistical population of this research included all students studying in an Educational Complex affiliated with Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch in 2023. To determine the sample size of the research, according to the partial least squares method, Barclay's rule. The DASS-21 was used to measure anxiety, depression and measure stress.

In all 211 students were entered into the study. The results obtained from logistic regression analysis based on demographic characteristics showed that the odds ratio for anxiety, depression and stress among postgraduate students was 0.4; 0.49; and 0.52, respectively indicating worse conditions for undergraduate students.

Undergraduate students are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression and stress compared to postgraduate students, and single students might experience more stress compared to married students.

Acknowledging the psychological factors of lifestyle related to prostate cancer in older people, such as anxiety and depression, can help promote the provision of evidence-based nursing care. The present study determined the relationship between anxiety and depression with disease-related lifestyle in older people with prostate cancer.

This descriptive study was conducted during 2021 and 2022. A total of 250 older patients referred to oncology and urology hospital clinics and physician offices in the western region of Mazandaran Province (Noor, Nowshahr, Chalus, Tonekabon, and Ramsar cities), Iran, participated in the study. They were sampled using the convenience method. Data collection tools included anxiety and depression self-assessment scales and lifestyle-related prostate cancer questionnaires. The statistical tests of analysis of variance, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used to analyze data in SPSS software, version 18 software. A significance level of <0.05 was considered significant.

The Mean±SD age of participants was 69.33±3.69 years. The results showed a significant relationship between anxiety and depression with disease-related lifestyle (P<0.001). Thus, an increase in anxiety and depression deteriorated disease-related lifestyle in older patients with prostate cancer. Furthermore, disease-related lifestyle was significantly related to economic status and education level (P<0.001) and worsened with poor economic status and illiteracy.

According to the findings, higher anxiety and depression levels deteriorate lifestyle related to prostate cancer in the affected older people. Therefore, interventions to reduce anxiety and depression are recommended to improve the lifestyle of older people with prostate cancer.

Widespread anxiety over coronavirus infection is exacerbated by a lack of information about Covid-19. Additionally, the pandemic, coupled with fears of illness and death, disrupts daily life and drives individuals to seek more information to alleviate their anxiety.

This study aimed to assess the impact of virtual training on the anxiety levels of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in selected Aja hospitals' Intensive Care Units.

In this quasi-experimental study, 62 family caregivers of COVID-19 patients from two randomly selected hospitals in Aja were divided into experimental (31 participants) and control (31 participants) groups. Caregivers in the experimental group received virtual training for 15 minutes daily over a week. The level of coronavirus anxiety was assessed using a questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data analysis employed analysis of variance to determine significance at P<0.05.

There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05). Anxiety levels before the study were 25.90±4.14 for the experimental group and 24.22±4.73 for the control group, which was not statistically significant (P=0.143). After the intervention, anxiety levels dropped to 8.41±1.47 in the experimental group and 23.32±3.77 in the control group (P<0.001). In the post-test phase, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in caregiver anxiety (P< 0.001), while the control group did not exhibit a significant change
(P=0.029).

Given the elevated anxiety levels among family caregivers of COVID-19 patients, virtual training proved to be an effective strategy for alleviating their anxiety. This approach can be utilized by therapists and care staff to support these caregivers.

Mental health is crucial for enhancing the quality of life in older adults.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness, considering the moderating role of religious orientation among the elderly in Karaj city.
Method and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study of 500 older adults in Karaj, Iran, was conducted in 2020 using cluster sampling. Data was gathered through a demographic checklist, questionnaires on COVID-19 anxiety, Allport and Ross Religious Orientation, and loneliness. Path analysis was employed to assess the moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness.

The mean age of the elderly participants in the study was 70.82 ± 7.99 years. Most were male (n=275, 55%) and married (n=388, 67.6%). Significant correlations were found between psychological anxiety and loneliness, as well as between religious orientation and loneliness (p=0.000, β=-0.584). However, the results did not support a moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness (p=0.999, β=0.000).

The current study did not support the moderating role of religiosity in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness; however, further research is recommended to verify these findings.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that, although not typically life-threatening, can lead to significant psychosocial consequences. Due to its persistent nature and the lack of effective treatments to prevent its progression, OLP can severely impact quality of life. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy in alleviating symptoms and signs of the disease, as well as reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in women with oral lichen planus.

This study is a controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. The sample comprised 36 women diagnosed with oral lichen planus, who were selected using purposive sampling and were then randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group. Data were collected using the DASS-21 questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Thongprasom Scale. The experimental group received 8 sessions of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) therapy, while the control group received no interventions. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22).

In the experimental group, the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression in the post-test phase were 9.29±4.22, 5.94±3.92, and 7.00±5.55, respectively. In the control group, these scores were 10.94±4.84, 7.71±4.70, and 9.65±5.44, respectively. After adjusting for pre-test scores, the results of covariance analysis showed that the mean scores of the experimental and control groups differed significantly for these variables in the post-test phase (P<0.05). The mean intensity of pain or burning sensation in the experimental group during the post-test phase was 2.94±1.85, compared to 3.65±1.69 in the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of lesions between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05).

The results of this study indicate that MBSR can be an effective approach to reducing psychological distress in patients with oral lichen planus.

 Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause respiratory infections. Anxiety about COVID-19 is common and it seems that the lack of knowledge and ambiguity in people about the virus exacerbates this anxiety. so, the present study was conducted to investigate the stress management of Alborz Dental School students in the face of coronavirus.

The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study and the statistical population of this study includes all dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, a standardized Lecritt stress management questionnaire was used.

The samples included 190 dental students. There was a significant difference between the samples in terms of marital and singleness in stress tolerance (P = 0.064) and stress control (P = 0.45). And between samples in terms of age in stress tolerance (P = 0.043) and stress control (P = 0.26) and between samples in terms of gender in stress tolerance (P = 0.28) and stress control (P = 0.41) did not exist.

Based on the findings of the present study, there was a lot of stress in the entire study population, given that the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemy are undeniable. Among dental students, factors such as marital status, semester, and age did not cause significant differences in stress control and management.

The presence of anxiety in family caregivers of patients limits their ability to provide assistance in completing care and can cause other psychological complications such as delirium to worsen. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between anxiety and delirium in family caregivers of patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Methods & Materials:

 In this cross-sectional study in 2023, 256 family caregivers of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected using Stratified sampling. In order to collect data, three demographic information questionnaires, GAD 7 questionnaire and sour seven questionnaire used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and statistical tests - ANOVA, independent T.

family caregivers with an average age of 42.87 years and most of them were women (67.2%). The family ratio in 103 caregivers was spouse (40.2%). 192 people (75%) of the family caregivers reported symptoms of delirium and 240 people (93.8%) reported symptoms of anxiety. The ANOVA test results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and delirium in family caregivers (P<0.001)

Based on the results of the present study, it is recommended that the principles of family support be included in the in-service training of nursing managers, so that by being aware of the different aspects of this work, they try to provide opportunities so that nurses can do this in addition to their other care duties. Pay attention later

Coronary angiography is a common test for diagnosing and treating coronary artery disease. Despite its benefits, due to its invasive nature, it can cause psychological complications such as anxiety. On the other hand, patient satisfaction is one of the important aspects of care. Providing accurate information and educating the patient can reduce anxiety and increase patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three educational methods—face-to-face, video, and booklet—on anxiety and satisfaction among cardiac patients hospitalized for coronary angiography at Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital in Yazd in 2023.

This research is a quasi-experimental study. The study population consisted of patients with coronary artery disease hospitalized for angiography at Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital in Yazd. A total of 90 patients were initially selected using convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to three groups: face-to-face, booklet, and video. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the State Anxiety Inventory (S-AI), and the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18). The educational content included information on the procedure stages, safety, possible complications, and expected outcomes. It was delivered to the first group through face-to-face education, the second group through a video, and the third group through a booklet. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS-21 software.

The mean satisfaction score after the intervention in the face-to-face, video, and booklet groups was 3.42 ± 0.54, 3.94 ± 0.55, and 3.18 ± 0.54, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups, with the mean satisfaction score in the video group being significantly higher than the other two groups. The mean anxiety score after the intervention in the face-to-face, video, and booklet groups was 39.66 ± 7.50, 38.43 ± 8.75, and 43.23 ± 6.32, respectively. The results showed that all three training methods significantly reduced the mean anxiety (P < 0.05). However, in the between-group comparison, there was a statistically significant difference between the video group and the booklet group (P < 0.05), but this difference was not significant between the video and face-to-face groups or between the booklet and face-to-face groups (P > 0.05).

The results showed that all three educational methods were effective in reducing patient anxiety, but video-based education was more effective in reducing anxiety and increasing satisfaction than the other two methods. Therefore, it is recommended that educational videos be prepared and made available to patients for better use, considering the general and specific educational needs of patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Students with learning disabilities often encounter significant challenges in reading, including accuracy, fluency, and comprehension. Anxiety is one factor that may exacerbate these difficulties. Therefore, this study aimed to compare reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension among students with learning disabilities who exhibited or did not exhibit symptoms of anxiety.

This research employed a causal-comparative design. The study population consisted of all elementary school students with learning disabilities in Arak during the 2021-2022 academic year. A purposive sampling method was used to select 36 participants (18 with and 18 without anxiety symptoms). Data was collected using the Spence Anxiety Scale (1998), the Shirazi and Nilipour Diagnostic Reading Test (2004), and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (2003). Data was analyzed using Fisher's exact test and independent t-tests in SPSS.

The findings revealed no significant difference in reading accuracy or fluency between students with learning disabilities with or without anxiety symptoms (p >.05). However, reading comprehension was significantly higher in students with learning disabilities without anxiety compared to those with anxiety (p <.001).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that anxiety does not significantly impact reading accuracy or fluency in students with learning disabilities but can reduce their reading comprehension.

One of the common problems faced by children with anxiety symptoms is reduced social competence. Social competence includes the ability to take care of oneself, assist others, and provide support. Various interventions are employed to improve children's social competence, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which aims to correct dysfunctional beliefs and cognitive restructuring, and the Unified Transdiagnostic Package, which targets the underlying components of dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of CBT with the Unified Transdiagnostic Package in improving the social competence of anxious children.

This quasi-experimental study used a pre-test, and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all anxious girls aged 10 to 12 years old who sought counseling at the educational centers in Yazd during the 2023 school year. The research sample comprised 45 participants who were purposefully selected based on their scores on the Reynolds and Richmond (1997) Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. They were randomly assigned through a lottery by a professional psychologist into two experimental groups (CBT and Unified Transdiagnostic Package) and a control group, with 15 participants in each group. The participants were assessed using a demographic information form and the Felner (1990) Social Competence Scale. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and the Bonferroni test in SPSS-25.

Data analysis showed that social competence scores significantly increased in both experimental groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). The effects of both experimental interventions persisted at the follow-up stage. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness between the two experimental groups (p > 0.05).

Both Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the Unified Transdiagnostic Package are effective in improving the social competence of anxious children.

Depression and anxiety disorders are increasing globally and represent major public health concerns. The relationship between fasting and the physical, social, psychological, and mental health of both healthy individuals and those suffering from various diseases has been reported in several studies. This systematic review aims to determine the association between fasting and anxiety.

This systematic review examined studies, including cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, and clinical trials, that explored the relationship between different types of fasting and anxiety. In this study, the population (P) consisted of participants with fasting experience, the intervention (I) was fasting, the comparison (C) was between the periods before and after fasting, and the outcome (O) was the level of anxiety before and after fasting. International databases, including Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect (up to the end of 2021), were searched using the keywords "anxiety" and "fasting" in both English and Persian. The extracted data were entered into a checklist, which included the researcher's name, type of study, year of implementation, instrument used, type of fasting, and the mean and standard deviation of anxiety scores before and after fasting. Data were analyzed using Stata software (version 11). To estimate the difference in standardized means, the number of samples, the mean, and the standard deviation of the anxiety scores were extracted from the primary studies. Using the Metan command, the random-effects model, and Cohen's estimator, the standardized mean difference in anxiety scores with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. Heterogeneity between the results of the primary studies was assessed using the Q statistic and I-squared index, and publication bias was evaluated using the Begg and Egger tests. The NOS checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.

A total of 1,408 articles were retrieved, of which 13 were related to the topic. Four articles were excluded from the analysis because they did not report the mean. Finally, nine articles were included in the systematic review (nine studies) and meta-analysis (eight studies). The results of the eight studies included in the meta-analysis using the random-effects model showed that the standardized mean difference of the anxiety scores before and after fasting, with a 95% confidence interval (-1.14, -0.21), was estimated to be -0.67. Additionally, the results of the meta-analysis, stratified by the type of fasting and the questionnaire used in the primary studies, indicated that the overall estimate of the standardized mean difference in anxiety scores before and after fasting was not significant when considering the data collection tool and the type of fasting. Based on the heterogeneity indices (I-squared: 93.9%, Q= 114.88, P<0.001), the level of heterogeneity between the results of the primary studies was high. Publication bias was evaluated using the Begg (P=0.322) and Egger (P=0.753) tests, which indicated that publication bias was not significant.

The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the average anxiety score after fasting decreased by 0.67 units (67%) compared to before fasting, indicating a significant reduction in anxiety following a period of fasting.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parents' religious attitudes on the mental health of female high school students. The background of the research shows that female students suffer from more mental distress than boys. However, none of the conducted researches is as comprehensive and inclusive as the present study. Therefore, according to the official religion of the country and also the scope of the audience, the necessity of investigating this issue becomes clear.

 The research population consists of all the female high school students of Kahrizak district (650 people) in the 10th to 12th grades who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. The size of the statistical sample in this research was 250 students, who were selected by simple random sampling. In this research, the religious attitudes questionnaire and the SCL90 test were used. The SCL90 test was designed in 1973 by a person named Dragotis and his colleagues. To measure the reliability of the nine dimensions of this test, two methods including internal reliability analysis and test-retest reliability were used for reliability analysis. The questionnaire for measuring the religious attitudes of Muslims was adapted by Sirajzadeh to Shia Islam based on the model of Glock and Shark. In this research, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors of the article reported no conflict of interest.

 The research results showed a significant relationship between parents' religious attitude and students' depression, anxiety and hostility. According to the analysis of findings, there is a 92% inverse and significant relationship between children's hostility and anxiety scores and parents' religious attitudes. This means that with the reduction of parents' religious attitudes, children's hostility and anxiety increase.

 Based on the findings, if correct religious attitudes and belief dimension can be strengthened in the parents of the students, the mental health of the students will increase significantly.

Insomnia is very common among young people and has harmful physical and psychological consequences. Studies show that insomnia hinders happiness and increases anxiety and stress. However, this study was not conducted among nursing students, who are prone to sleep problems. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between insomnia, happiness, anxiety and stress among a group of nursing students living in northwest Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 636 nursing students completed an online questionnaire that included demographic information and measures of insomnia, happiness, anxiety, and perceived stress.

Happiness was inversely related to anxiety, perceived stress and insomnia. Anxiety was related to stress and insomnia, while insomnia and stress also had a strong linear relationship. The relationship between the main study variables and demographic variables was as follows: Happiness had a significant relationship with academic semester, anxiety with overall academic grade point average and employment status, stress with academic semester and overall academic grade point average, and finally insomnia with academic semester, overall academic grade point average and employment status

Mental health problems are common among nursing students. On the other hand, the variables examined in this study, including insomnia, anxiety and stress, have a detrimental effect on happiness, which is a key dimension of mental health. Therefore, self-care practices and provision of mental health support services for nursing students should be promoted.

Anxiety is a common problem in old age. This research was conducted to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the level of anxiety and vital signs of hospitalized elderly patients with chronic diseases.

This study was a two-group, single-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted on all elderly patients hospitalized in Rasool Akram (PBUH) Hospital in Kalaleh, except those in the intensive care unit and coronary care unit. In the intervention and control groups, 38 hospitalized elderly patients were included after assessing inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the intervention group, the progressive muscle relaxation technique was performed for 3 consecutive days. The method of data collection included the valid and reliable Beck's Anxiety Inventory, a demographic information form, and a checklist of vital signs including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing. Ethical considerations were observed in this study. The results were analyzed using SPSS22 software and descriptive and analytical statistical tests.

The participants in this study were mostly women, 83.33% with an average age of 69.94 years in the control group and 72.5 years in the intervention group. The results of the study showed that although progressive muscle relaxation caused a decrease in the average anxiety of the elderly in the intervention group, this change was not significant. However, it caused significant downward changes in the vital signs of the elderly over time (P<0.05).

These results can help doctors and health professionals provide more appropriate solutions for managing and controlling anxiety and vital signs.

Anxiety is a natural reaction that affects both the mind and body, often accompanied by symptoms, such as sweating, palpitations, and headaches. The present study aimed to compare the anxiolytic effects of herbal teas made from lavender and black tea.

 In this experimental study, 21 male rats weighing 200-250 grams were used. The rats were assigned to three groups (n=7): the control group received plain drinking water, the Camellia sinensis (CS) group received Camellia sinensis (black tea) herbal tea, and the Lavandula angustifolia (LA) group received Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) herbal tea. During the 24 hours before the experiment, the rats in the treatment groups were given herbal teas made from black tea at a concentration of 0.3% (3 grams of leaves in 1 liter of water) and lavender flowers at the same concentration instead of drinking water. Following that, the behavior of rats was assessed for sedative and anxiolytic activities in the Elevated plus maze (EPM). Data were presented as mean±standard error (mean± S.E.M). Data were analyzed in Graph Pad Prism software (version 8) using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

 The time spent in the open arms of the EPM in the LA group significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.001) and CS treatment groups (P<0.001). The LA group also had more entries into the open arms than the CS group (P<0.01). Time spent in the closed arms was significantly reduced in the LA group compared to the control (P<0.05) and CS groups (P<0.001).

 As evidenced by the obtained results, Lavandula angustifolia tea demonstrated significant anti-anxiety effects in male rats, suggesting its potential as a natural remedy for anxiety. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in humans.

Gastrointestinal diseases are one of the common disorders and endoscopy is the most important diagnostic method for these disorders. One of the common psychological disorders during the endoscopic procedure is anxiety. There are different ways to solve psychological problems. Nursing counseling is one of the approaches used in anxiety control, which can be done face-to-face or remotely. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of remote nursing program design and implementation on anxiety and satisfaction with the care of selected endoscopy patients.

This study was conducted as an action research, which includes two parts of remote nursing website design and its implementation as a semi-experimental study. 60 selected endoscopy patients were included in the study. They were assigned to two groups of 30 people, control and intervention, by gradual allocation in the form of simple randomization and using a table of random numbers. In the intervention group, nursing consultation was designed remotely on the web by providing a link to selected endoscopy patients, including training and care before and after endoscopy. In the control group, nursing care of the patient and his education was done by the nurse and placing pamphlets at the patient's disposal. In this pamphlet, all care before and after endoscopy was explained to the patient. The data were collected using the demographic information questionnaire, the Spielberger anxiety questionnaire, and the patient satisfaction questionnaire on the quality of nursing care developed by the researcher. The results of the research were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods and using chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-tests in spss software version 20.

The findings of the study showed that the two groups were similar in terms of individual characteristics. After the intervention, the average total score of anxiety in the remote nursing education group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.001), and the average score of patient satisfaction with the quality of nursing care after the intervention was different between the intervention and control groups. It was statistically significant (P<0.001).
Discussion &

The results showed that remote nursing consultation is effective in reducing anxiety and increasing the satisfaction of selected endoscopy patients. According to it, it is suggested to nursing managers to use this method for diagnostic tests that have a high number of referrals.