بهزیستی اجتماعی

Students who are highly dependent on mobile phones often experience loneliness, increased vulnerability, and diminished mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion therapy on experiential avoidance and social well-being among students with mobile phone phobia. This semi-experimental research used a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of students with mobile phone phobia at Azad University, Tehran West Branch. Using a convenience sampling method, 30 participants were selected and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (15 participants) or the control group (15 participants). The experimental group received eight sessions of compassion therapy. The study utilized questionnaires measuring experiential avoidance and social well-being. Prior to the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of average scores for experiential avoidance and social well-being. However, post-intervention analysis revealed a significant difference in these scores between the intervention and control groups. The findings suggest that compassion therapy is effective in mitigating the psychological effects of mobile phone dependency. Therefore, psychologists and therapists may consider integrating compassion therapy with other treatment modalities to address mobile phone phobia.

Women heads of households experience many problems in their lives, which can be reduced psychological Hardiness, and reduced social well-being. Based on this, the aim of the current research was the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on psychological Hardiness and social well-being of women heads of households.

Methods and Materials: 

The current research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with the Goa group with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all female heads of households in Isfahan city who lived in this city in 1402. In this study, 30 female heads of the household were selected using the available sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. Participants in two groups completed questionnaires on psychological Hardiness and social well-being in three stages. In the present study, the people in the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of intervention, but the control group did not receive the intervention. In the end, the data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measurements.

The results of data analysis showed that Mindfulness-Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy has had a significant effect on increasing psychological Hardiness. Also, Mindfulness-Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy has significantly increased social well-being (0/05>p). Also, in the follow-up phase, the significant effect of this therapeutic method on psychological hardiness and psychological well-being continued (p<0.05).

From the results of the research, it can be concluded that Mindfulness-Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy has increased the psychological Hardiness and social well-being of female heads of households, therefore psychologists and counselors can increase the psychological toughness and social well-being of female heads of households. Use the techniques of this therapeutic approach.

Experts believe that motivation plays an important role in the academic performance of students and according to the current conditions, various factors can improve it. Among these factors, psychological and social well-being is considered as effective variables. Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of determining the role of psychological and social well-being on the academic motivation of nursing students through the mediation of academic civic behaviors.

This is a correlational descriptive study. The statistical population consisted of nursing students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during the academic year of 1400-1401 (2021-2022). The number of 250 people was selected out of available 700 nursing students based on Morgan's table using stratified random sampling method. Harter's academic motivation questionnaire (1981), Rief's psychological well-being (1989), Keyes' social well-being scale (2004) and Gol Parvar's academic civic behavior questionnaire (2019) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation analysis using SPSS-21 and Amos-22.

The results of showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social well-being and its components (including prosperity, correlation, cohesion, acceptance and social participation) and psychological well-being and its components (including self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, control over the environment, purposeful life, and personal growth) and academic motivation (p<0.05). Furthermore, academic civic behaviors have a mediating role in the relationship between psychological well-being and its components and social well-being and its components and academic motivation (p<0.01).

Based on the study findings, due to the influencing role of psychological and social well-being on variables such as academic motivation and civic academic behaviors in nursing students, universities should make efforts to hold consultation centers inorder to increase psychological well-being and academic motivation of their students

The ever-increasing expansion of cyberspace has affected people's lives. The new generations who were born in this space, day by day, use cyberspace more and have formed a virtual lifestyle, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of life skills training on the cognitive flexibility and social well-being of students’ dependence of cyberspace.

Methods and Materials: 

The design of this research is a semi-experimental type of pretest, posttest and follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research includes students’ dependence to cyberspace of Neyshabur city in the year 2022-2023. The sample of the research was selected using the convenience sampling method of 30 students’ dependence to cyberspace of Neyshabur city. Research tools included internet addiction questionnaire (Young, 1998), cognitive flexibility scale (Martin and Rubin, 1995), and social well-being questionnaire (Keyes, 1998). The life skills training program was taken from Zare et al. (2019) research, which was implemented in eight ninety-minute-sessions. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The data was analyzed using SPSS software

The results show that the life skills training program has been able to improve cognitive flexibility and social well-being among the students dependence of cyberspace.

Life skills training by improving cognitive, emotional and skill abilities increases the perception of emotions and provide adaptive responses that improve cognitive flexibility and social well-being of students.

ensuring the social well-being of society members, especially students, who are considered the young and active stratum of every society, is necessary and important; the present study was conducted to determine the role of moral intelligence in predicting the social well-being of nursing students with the mediation of psychological hardiness.

The present study was a descriptive-correlation type of path analysis. The research population included all the female and male students of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery in Qain City in the academic year 2019-2020, 180 of whom were selected by available sampling. To collect information, the questionnaires on the moral intelligence of Lenik and Keel (2007) and, the psychological hardiness of Kiamerei et al. The research model was analyzed using SPSS version 18 and Amos software.

Based on the results, moral intelligence has a direct effect on psychological hardiness, and psychological toughness has a direct effect on social well-being. Also, the indirect effect of moral intelligence on social well-being was confirmed through the mediation of psychological hardiness (p<0.01).

The research results emphasize the importance of moral intelligence and psychological hardiness in improving the social well-being of nursing students.

This research has been done to present the Quranic model of the social well-being of a Muslim person in Islamic society.

This research has conceptualized and developed ideas by using Grounded Theory and analysis of the verses of the Holy Quran. Grounded theory is a descriptive and qualitative system that describes and expands the process, actions, and interactions in a specific subject and partial reality at a general conceptual level.

, the Quranic model of social well-being with causal conditions of economic elements, context conditions of moral elements, interveing conditions of cultural elements, action strategies of security and its consequences, i.e. social salvation, is presented.Keywords: Social welfare, economic elements, moral elements, cultural elements, security, social salvation.

The evidence shows that contrary to the increasing trend of household headship by women, their quality and social well-being has not improved and this has fueled the occurrence and escalation of personal and social problems and injuries; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of group meaning therapy training in social well-being and quality of life of women heads of households. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The research population consisted of female heads of households covered by the Karaj District Relief Committee in the second six months of 2022, 30 people were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The data collection tool was Keyes and Magyarmo (2003) social well-being questionnaires and World Health Organization (2000) quality of life questionnaires. Eight sessions of group meaning therapy were held for the experimental group, but the group did not receive a training certificate. To analyze the data, univariate analysis of covariance was used with the help of SPSS version 22 software. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test scores of social well-being and quality of life of the two experimental and control groups, and group meaning therapy had a positive effect on the experimental group (P<0.01). The findings of this research potentially have important practical implications for specialists and therapists to pay special attention to the training of meaning therapy in the way of helping women heads of households.

 Social well-being means the personal report of people about the quality of their relationship with others. The purpose of this research was to compare the social well-being of active female students in the cultural and social centers of Vali-e-Asr University in Rafsanjan with non-member students in 2022.

 This study was conducted using a causal-comparative method with the participation of 40 undergraduate female students of Vali-e-Asr University in Rafsanjan in the 2022. To select of participants, 20 female students who had an active and continuous presence in cultural and social centers, and 20 non-member students were selected using the available sampling method. Data was collected using the Keyes social well-being questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using covariance analysis test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

 The mean (SD) score of social well-being among students active in cultural and social centers was 115.1 (10.9), while it was 113.2 (16.4) among non-member students. There was no significant difference between the two groups.

 The study showed that there is no difference between the subscales of social well-being and ultimately social well-being among students active in cultural and social centers and non-member students.

Bullying poses a pervasive problem, disrupting one's learning process and leading to undesirable personality and social consequences. Adverse consequences of bullying include loneliness, low self–esteem, psychological problems, high suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in adulthood, problems in romantic relationships in adulthood–marriage, substance abuse, anxiety, carrying weapons, adjustment problems, poor relationships with peers, challenging friendships, personality disorders, antisocial behaviors, and reduced empathy. Bullying is one of the factors that, in the long run, can decrease empathy and social wellbeing in students. Meanwhile, people with high moral intelligence show more warmth and intimacy. They are kind to their friends and are more sensitive to their needs. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of teaching moral intelligence skills on empathy and social wellbeing of bullying students.

The method of the present study was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The statistical population comprised all senior high school students in the 18th district of Tehran City, Iran, in the academic year 2021–2022. Two schools were selected from the boys' high schools in the region. Finally, 40 students who received the highest score in Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire–Revised (OBVQ–R) (Olweus, 2003) were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (20 students) and the control group (20 students). The inclusion criteria included not using other psychological and psychotherapeutic services while participating in the research, lacking psychiatric disorders, not taking psychiatric drugs, and not undertaking the advice of another group during the research. The exclusion criteria included dissatisfaction to participate in the study, absence from more than two training sessions, and inability to perform training sessions. The study data were collected using Basic Empathy Scale (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006), Social Welfare Questionnaire (Keyes, 1998), and Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire–Revised (OBVQ–R) (Olweus, 2003). Experimental group participants received 11 sessions of moral intelligence skills training (Borba, 2001). However, no intervention was provided for the control group. The analysis of the data obtained from the research was done with the help of SPSS version 22 in two parts: descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate covariance analysis). The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that after removing the effect of the pretest, moral intelligence training was effective in increasing the empathy (p<0.001) and social wellbeing (p<0.001) of students. According to Eta squared, the increase in the mean scores of empathy and social wellbeing was 85% and 76%, respectively, after the intervention with moral intelligence training.

According to the results, moral intelligence skills training effectively increases the empathy and social wellbeing of bullying students. Therefore, it is recommended that school counselors use moral intelligence skills training to improve the empathy and social wellbeing of bullying students.

Identifying the effective factors in promoting students' social well - being can be a guide for educating students for the educational system. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of religious coping and psychological hardiness in predicting the social well - being of Payam - e Noor university students during the Covid - 19 outbreak .

Methods :

The statistical population included all students (no=350) of Payam - e Noor University in Hajiabad, South Khorasan, Iran in the academic year 2020 - 2021. Based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table, 180 students were selected by available sampling method completed Pa rgament et al.'s Religious Coping Questionnaire, Kiamarei et al.'s Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire, and Keyes and Magyar - Moe’s Social Well - being Subscale online. Pearso n correlation test and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests .

The results showed that the correlation of psychological hardiness with social well - being (r=0.585), and the correlation between positive religious coping and social well - being were positive and significant (r=0.498), but the correlation between negative religious coping and social well - being was negative (r= - 0.285) (P<0.01). Also, the value of the coefficient of determination showed that religious c oping strategies and psychological hardiness explained 38.8% of the variance in social well - being .

According to the results of the study, by planning to improve religious coping strategies and psychological hardiness of students, their social w ell - being can be increased at all times, especially during the corona pandemic .

Panic disorder is one of the anxiety disorders caused by frequent and sudden attacks of fear and anxiety, and its sufferers experience a decline in health and well-being. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to predict social well-being based on health-oriented lifestyle and irrational beliefs in women with panic disorder.

This descriptive research was correlation type. The research population was women suffering from panic disorder who referred to counseling centers in Ahvaz city in 1400. The sample of the study was 150 people who were selected by purposive sampling method after checking the inclusion criteria. Data were collected with Keyes social well-being questionnaire, Walker et al.'s health-oriented lifestyle profile, and Jones' irrational beliefs questionnaire and were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression methods in SPSS version 24 software.

The findings showed that health-oriented lifestyle and all its six dimensions had a positive and significant relationship with social well-being in women with panic disorder, and irrational beliefs and all ten dimensions had a negative and significant relationship with their social well-being (P<0.05). Also, health-oriented lifestyle and irrational beliefs, dimensions of health-oriented lifestyle and dimensions of irrational beliefs were able to predict 54%, 46% and 59% of social well-being changes in women with panic disorder, respectively (P<0.001).

The results showed the effective role of health-oriented lifestyle and irrational beliefs in predicting the social well-being of women with panic disorder. Therefore, to improve the social well-being of panic disorder sufferers, it is possible to increase their health-oriented lifestyle and reduce their irrational beliefs.

Instant and easy access to smartphones and the internet has become the cause of addiction. Mobile phone addiction has a negative effect on the quality of the relationship between parents and children. The aim of this study was to compare and test the causal relationship model of social well-being, emotional self-awareness with parents due to smartphone addiction in high-intelligence students.

The statistical population included all high-intelligence students of Alborz province, who volunteered to enter the university in the academic year 2020-2021. 372 people were selected by convenience sampling method through online call and answered online to Social Welfare Questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction Questionnaire (SPAQ), Emotion Awareness Questionnaire (EAQ), and Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS).

There was a direct relationship between social welfare and smartphone addiction in high-intelligence students.. Furthermore, the findings showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between social welfare and smartphone addiction in high-intelligence students (p <0.01 and β = -0.29). There was a direct relationship between emotional self-awareness and smartphone addiction in high-intelligence students. There is a negative and significant relationship between emotional self-awareness and smartphone addiction in high-intelligence students. (p <0.01 and β = -0.15). According to the findings, the direct relationship between the quality of the relationship with parents and smartphone addiction in high-intelligence students was negative and significant (p <0.01 and β = -0.13).

Smartphone addiction can be reduced by improving the quality of social welfare and emotional self-awareness and increasing the quality of the relationship between high-intelligence students and their parents.

Paying attention to the personality abilities of adolescents with conduct disorder can reduce the context of crime in them. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Positive Psychological Intervention" on social well-being in male adolescents with conduct disorder in Ahvaz Correctional Center.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental and its design was pre-test-post-test-follow-up with the control group. This study was conducted in 2020 in the statistical population of boy adolescents with conduct disorder in Ahvaz Correction and Rehabilitation Center in the age range of 15 to 18 years. 30 boy adolescents with conduct disorder were selected by purposive sampling method and then randomly divided into intervention and control groups using lottery. The intervention group participated in 8 sessions in 90-minute focused on “Positive Psychological Intervention” and the control group was on the waiting list to receive the intervention. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire and the “Social Well-Being Scale”, which was completed by two groups in three rounds of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The validity of this scale was based on previous studies and the reliability was calculated by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was analyzed in SPSS.20.   

There was a significant difference between the two groups in the social welfare score (F=53.915, P=0.001) over time (P<0.05) and the scores of the intervention group from pre-test to follow-up. It has had an upward trend. In total, “Positive Psychological Intervention” explains 65% of the differences observed in social well-being scores.

“Positive Psychological Intervention” is an effective treatment method in increasing the social well-being of boy adolescents with conduct disorder. It is recommended to use “Positive Psychological Intervention” in other Correction and Rehabilitation Center.

The social well-being of the students as an influential group, who face different experiences in society, university, and family, is affected by various factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of psychological hardiness components and emotions (positive and negative) in predicting the students' social well-being.

This study was conducted based on a descriptive-correlational research method. The statistical population included all students at the School of Nursing and Midwifery in Ghaen, Iran, during the academic year 2020-21. The samples (n=180) were selected using the convenience sampling method, as well as Gajresi and Morgan table. They were then asked to answer the questionnaires online. The data were collected using the Psychological Hardiness Scale (Kiamarsi et al., 1998), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al., 1988), as well as the Social Well-being Subscale (Keyes and Magyar-Moe, 2003). The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 25) through the Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions simultaneously.

The results showed a direct correlation between positive emotion and psychological hardiness with social well-being; however, there was an inverse and significant association between negative emotion and social well-being (P<0.01). Moreover, the results of the regression revealed that emotions and psychological hardiness explained 40% of the variance in social well-being.

The results emphasize the development of psychological hardiness and the promotion of positive emotion in order to increase the social well-being of students during Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common psychological disorders in today’s society in which a person individual and social behavior is affected. This disorder has devastating effects on the normal functioning of life. Therefore, the present study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of group reality therapy on social well-being, life expectancy and locus of control in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The design of this study was pre-test/post-test/follow-up semi-experimental with a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of allwomen with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Ahvaz city in 2018 of whom 30 individuals were selected through convenient sampling and then randomly assigned to the experimental group and control group (15 individuals in each group). The experimental groupwent through reality group therapy proposed (Glasser, 2003) for 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The control group did not receive any therapy. The research instruments included the Social Well-being Questionnaire (Keyes, 1998), Life Expectancy Questionnaire (Snyder et al., 1991) and Locus of Control Questionnaire (Rotter, 1966). Data were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis and bonfroni pursuit test with SPSS 24 software.

The results of the analysis showed that reality therapy had a significant effect on improving social well-being, life expectancy and the source of internal control and reducing the source of external control in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder in the experimental group compared to the control group. Remains in the follow-up stage (P <0.001). In the post-test stage as well as follow-up in the variables of social welfare, life expectancy and source of internal and external control in the control group with the treatment group there is a significant difference (P <0.001).

The results showed the effectiveness of group reality therapy on social well-being, life expectancy and internal and external locus of control in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, it is recommended that this approachto be used with other therapies to improve the psychosocial characteristics of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of couple therapy with well-being therapy method on depression, marital life quality, optimism and social well-being in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Patients with cardiovascular disease experience many problems in their marital life and health, and one of the effective methods for improving the characteristics of marital life and their health is possibly the couple therapy with well-being therapy method.

This study was a semi-experimental pretest- posttest study with control group. The study population was patients with cardiovascular disease referred to Javad Al-Aeme Cardiovascular Hospital in Mashhad city, Iran, in 2021. Thirty patients and their couples were recruited by purposive sampling method based on inclusion criteria and allocated to experimental (n=15 couples) and control (n=15 couples) group by simple random sampling. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute duration (two sessions per week) couple therapy with well-being therapy method and during this period the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected through the self-reported questionnaires of depression, marital life quality, optimism and social well-being and analyzed by Chi-square, independent t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-19 software.

The findings showed that the experimental and control groups were not significantly different in terms of education, gender, age and duration of cardiovascular disease. Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of the mean scores of depression, marital life quality, optimism and social well-being, but after intervention, a statistically significant difference was groups between experimental and control group in the mean scores of all four variables (P≤0.0001). The couple therapy with well-being therapy method led to reduced depression (F=192.046, P≤0.0001) and increased marital life quality (F=329.770, P≤0.0001), optimism (F=230.267, P≤0.0001) and social well-being (F=359.558, P≤0.0001) in patients with cardiovascular disease.

The results of this study indicated the effect of couple therapy with well-being therapy method on reducing depression and increasing marital life quality, optimism and social well-being in patients with cardiovascular disease. Health professionals and therapists can use this method to improve the characteristics of marital life and those related to health.

Nurses have a key role in providing health services, so promoting their social well-being and life expectancy is associated with improving in job performance. The present study was done with the aim of investigation the effectiveness of mindfulness and metacognition education on social welfare and life expectancy of nurses.

in this quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest design 60 nurses of Sirjan hospitals Were randomly divided in 3 groups (each group 20 members), consist of: 2 treatment groups (one for education based on mindfulness and another for education based on metacognition) and one control group. Mindfulness training based on social relationships and social skills training with metacognition approach are used for intervention groups. Keys social wellbeing scale and Schneider’s life expectancy questionnaire are used for data gathering before and after educational intervention, data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics. Significance level was set at 0.05.  

The mean scores of social welfare dimensions improved in intervention groups after applying mindfulness and metacognition education. The most increase in mindfulness and metacognition groups, was related to social participation and social acceptance subscales, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed that mindfulness and metacognition educations had a positive effect on social welfare and life expectancy of nurses (P<0.05(

mindfulness and metacognition educations can produce beneficial effects on social welfare and life expectancy of people who face with high level of stress such as nurses.

The World Health Organization stressed on the importance of social health as well as physical health, so social health has become the common concern of sociologists and social planners in each community. The present study was conducted to determine the role of irrational beliefs, mindfulness and perceived social support in predicting the social health in diabetic patients.

This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all type 2 diabetes patients referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ardabil in 2019. One hundred twnety patients were selected by convenience sampling method. For data collection, the irrational beliefs scale, mindfulness scale, multidimensional scale of perceived social support and social health scale were used. Data analysis was made using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression and using SPSS version 16 software.

According to the results a significant relationship was observed between irrational beliefs (r=-0.54, p<0.05) and mindfulness (r=0.51, p<0.05) with social health in diabetic patients. Also, a significant relationship was observed between social support perceived by the family (r=0.64, p<0.05), friends (r=0.62, p<0.05) and others (r=0.59, p<0.05) with social health in diabetic patients. The results of multiple regression indicated that irrational beliefs, mindfulness and perceived social support predict a total of 0.60 in social health among the diabetic patients (p<0.05).

According to the results of this study, irrational beliefs, mindfulness and perceived social support are effective in improving the social health in patients with type 2 diabetes patients.

After physical violence, marital infidelity could be considered as the most damaging event that could harm both parties and ultimately lead to divorce. Infidelity has also been defined as the defiance of commitment in emotional or sexual relationships, or both, which leads to a departure from fundamental communication without the other party’s consent. The psychological symptoms of spouse–related trauma are very similar to depression as well as inability to enjoy life, severe decline in motivation, disturbed sleep and wakefulness, and severe morning fatigue. Significantly reduced or increased appetite, a tendency for high–risk behaviors, like smoking, a significant decline in sexual desire in males, the disruption of the menstrual cycle in females, inattention, and a tendency to commit suicide or suicidal ideation are other possible symptoms. However, proper functioning in life is not limited to the effects of psychological and emotional well–being and includes social tasks and conflicts. One approach that seems to improve social relationships and negative emotions after recognizing the infidelity of a spouse is reality therapy, i.e., based on Glasser’s choice theory. The theory of control was first developed and renamed the choice theory, accordingly. Choice theory and reality therapy are based on the idea that all behaviors are controlled and perceived. Reality therapy is among the approaches to counseling and psychotherapy that focuses on concepts, such as acceptance of responsibility, reality, and incorrect understanding, as well as their relationship to everyday life. The focus of reality therapy is on learning to be more effective. Humans need to take responsibility for their lives instead of being victims of conditions beyond their control. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Glasser’s group choice theory training on depression and social well–being in women affected by marital infidelity.

This was a quasi–experimental with pretest–posttest and a control group design. The study sample consisted of 20 subjects who were divided into two groups of case and control (n=10/group). Both study groups completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI–II) and Keyes Social Well–Being Questionnaire (1998). The study subjects in the case group were then trained for 10 sessions according to the Glasser choice theory protocol. At the end of training, both groups were reassessed. Data analysis was performed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) by SPSS. The significance level was considered as 0.05.

This study showed that Teaching Glasserchr('39')s theory of choice is useful in depressing women affected by marital infidelity (F=17, 31, p<0.001), and in the social well–being of them (F=13, 67, p<0.001).

The obtained data suggested that Glasser’s group choice theory training had significantly reduced depression and increased social well–being in the explored women affected by marital infidelity.