دانشجویان

Having a healthy relationship with cross-sex has numerous physical, psychological, and social benefits. However, it can also lead to traumatic experiences and debilitating symptoms that require significant time to heal, impacting a substantial portion of the global population. This study aims to investigate the detrimental effects of emotionally abusive relationships on girls.

This research employed a descriptive phenomenological approach. The participants consisted of nine female students aged between 20 and 30 years old who were involved in emotionally abusive relationships and referred to the counseling offices of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Data were collected through purposeful sampling and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Lincoln and Guba's method was utilized to validate the findings.

The analysis of participants' interviews revealed three main categories and twelve subcategories: 1) emotional harms (negative emotions towards oneself and others, damage to self-esteem, symptoms of depression, anxiety, emotional proximity-seeking, and an inconsistent emotional plan), 2) behavioral harms (impulsive behavior and behavior driven by jealousy), and 3) cognitive harms (representation and mental review of negative memories, negative judgment towards oneself and others).

Many girls enter emotional relationships without adequate knowledge, leading to emotional, behavioral, and cognitive harm. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize the implementation of support, educational, and counseling programs in educational and counseling centers to prevent and mitigate these harms.

  Distraction is a common symptom among students, indicating hidden psychological disorders. This study aimed to determine the frequency and correlation of symptoms of psychological disorders with distraction.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 371 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences students. Data collection tools included a demographic information checklist, adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder self-report scale (ASRS-v1.1), Beck's depression inventory (BDI-II), Beck's anxiety inventory (BAI), and dissociative experiences scale (DES II) questionnaires. Distraction was evaluated based on self-report.

 More than half of the participants (52.6%) were women, and the mean age of the participants was 24.18 years. The prevalence of distraction, adult ADHD symptoms, and anxiety symptoms in the participants was 58.5%, 10.2%, and 56.1%, respectively. The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe anxiety was 36.7%, 11.6%, and 56.3%, respectively, and the prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe depression was 34%, 14.8%, and 7.5%, respectively. The prevalence of distraction symptoms was higher in men (67%) than women (50%) (P = 0.001). The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms was higher in women (56% and 63%, respectively) than in men (55% and 48%, respectively) (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively). There was a significant relationship between distraction and adult ADHD (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and depression (P < 0.001).

 The prevalence of distraction among students was notable and was related to the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and ADHD disorders in adults. Due to the low frequency of dissociative symptoms (4 people), more studies are needed to investigate the relationship between distraction and dissociative disorders.

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between students' expectations and perceptions of the five dimensions of quality of educational services in Shahed Dental School in the academic year 2020-2021 to identify the shortcomings of educational services provided.

In this cross-sectional study, 39 students of fifth and sixth year of Shahed Dental School in the academic year of 2020-2021 were surveyed. The standard SERVQUAL questionnaire included two sections of personal information and 27 questions about five dimensions of quality of educational services (physical dimensions, assurance, accountability, reliability, and empathy).

The results showed that most participants were female (61.5%) with an average age of 24.1 ± 2.1 years. In general, in all departments, a negative gap was observed in the quality of educational services. It was related to oral medicine, community oral health and endodontic departments and the least negative gap was related to reconstructive and pathology departments, respectively. In general, the negative gap from highest to lowest was related to assurance, empathy, reliability, accountability and physical.

Students' expectations of the quality of college educational services in various dimensions are not met, and in the meantime, the difference between expectations and perceptions of the assurance dimension is greater than in other dimensions, which requires planning and spending sufficient resources to increase quality, especially in this dimension.

Examining the level of satisfaction of service recipients from any educational system can reveal the strengths and weaknesses and improve each system. The objective of this study was to investigate the satisfaction of dental students at Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran branch, with the clinical departments in the academic year 1401-1402.

A total of 150 fifth- and sixth-year dental students participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. They were given a 16-question satisfaction questionnaire to assess their satisfaction with 10 clinical departments. The questionnaire focused on professors, nurses, facilities and equipment, and the students' self-confidence in their learning. The average satisfaction level of students with each department was measured. One-way ANOVA was used to compare satisfaction levels between different departments, while multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between satisfaction and factors like age, gender, academic semester, and overall grade point average.

The highest average satisfaction level was found in the oral&maxillofacial diseases department, while the removable prosthesis department had the lowest satisfaction level. However, there was no significant difference in satisfaction levels between different departments (p=0.6). Additionally, there was no significant difference in satisfaction levels across the four investigated areas. None of the investigated variables showed a significant relationship with satisfaction

Overall, the satisfaction level with the clinical departments of the Faculty of Dentistry was average. There were no significant differences in satisfaction levels between different departments or in the four investigated areas.

Due to the increasing use of ionizing radiation, this study aimed to investigate the radiation dose of students during their hospital internship course.

In this descriptive study, the radiation dose received by radiology students during their hospital internship course at Imam Khomeini Medical Center in 2023 was investigated using a packet dosimeter. A total of 182 patients were radiographed with 363 exposures using different technical factors. The background radiation dose rate was measured using a Geiger dosimeter. The radiation dose limit for each training session and the annual radiation exposure of students were calculated. A one-sample t-test was used to analyze the data.

The average cumulative effective dose for students in each training session was 0.021 mSv, and the annual radiation exposure was calculated to be 1.05 mSv, which is below the dose threshold for radiation workers.

The dose received by the students is within the annual threshold of exposure for the general public. However, it is necessary for them to use a personal dosimeter device like other radiation workers.
Key words: Radiography, Internship, Students, Radiation Dosimetry

Funding: This study was funded by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.MAZUMS.REC.1402.460).
Authors’ contributions: -Conceptualization: Gholamreza Fallahmohammadi
-

Gholamreza Fallahmohammadi
-Data collection: Amir Saemian, Mobina Darbayar
-Formal analysis: Gholamreza Fallahmohammadi
 -Supervision: Gholamreza Fallahmohammadi
- Project administration: Gholamreza Fallahmohammadi
- Writing – original draft: Gholamreza Fallahmohammadi, Amir Saemian, Mobina Darbayar
- Writing – review & editing: Gholamreza Fallahmohammadi

Due to the importance of reading reference books in learning and fully understanding academic concepts, this study aimed to assess the changes in the knowledge level of undergraduate audiology students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, through book reading sessions.

In this developmental study, book reading sessions were designed and implemented based on the five-stage Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. Three chapters from the Handbook of Clinical Audiology were studied over eight two-hour weekly sessions on the Skyroom platform. A knowledge assessment questionnaire was completed by students before and after each chapter. Additionally, students filled out a satisfaction form at the end of each session. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test.

Ten out of 22 fifth-semester Undergraduate Students in Audiology participated in the present study. A comparison of students' pre- and post-session scores using the Wilcoxon test indicated a significant difference in their scores for all three chapters studied: Chapter One (P=0.005), Chapter Two (P=0.004), and Chapter Three (P=0.004). The mean difference in students' knowledge scores (out of 5 points) before and after the reading sessions was 2.9, 3.2, and 3.5 for the first, second, and third chapters, respectively. The overall mean satisfaction score for the book reading sessions was 4.7±0.48 out of 5.

The present study demonstrated that book reading sessions significantly enhanced students' foundational knowledge of the topics covered in all three chapters of the audiology reference book. Additionally, students expressed a high level of satisfaction with these sessions. Therefore, this method can encourage students to read reference books.

Talented students, being perceived as individuals capable of performing tasks better than others and making significant contributions toward solving environmental, societal, and national challenges, are considered valuable human resources in any society. The present study aimed to identify the factors influencing the academic performance of talented students.

The methodological approach of this study was qualitative, and the adopted research method was the seven-step meta-synthesis approach by Sandelowski and Barroso.The researchers conducted a systematic search of studies related to these factors in academic databases, such as the Scientific Information Database (SID), Noormags, Magiran, the Comprehensive Humanities Portal, Civilica, and Elmnet. The search spanned the years 2006-2024 using keywords, such as "talented students," "academic performance of gifted students," and "factors influencing the academic performance of talented students." In the initial review, 136 references were identified. After screening and validation steps and using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool, a total of 32 studies were analyzed through thematic analysis. To assess the quality or reliability of the indicators, the Kappa coefficient in IBM SPSS Statistics Software Version 26 was utilized, which in this study was calculated as 0.813, indicating a satisfactory reliability level for the indicators used.

From the content analysis of the selected sources, 240 initial codes were extracted, encompassing 16 sub-themes. These sub-themes were organized into four main themes: individual factors (demographic characteristics, cognitive and psychological components, motivational traits, attitudinal traits, behavioral traits, family characteristics and conditions); organizational factors (organizational culture and climate, intra- and inter-university interactions, characteristics of the university of study); supportive factors (support and backing from the community, support and backing from the government, support and backing from the university); educational factors (development of student talent and abilities, educational strategies, development of educational content, educational facilities and resources)

The factors affecting the academic performance of talented students are multidimensional. In addition to the individual characteristics of the student, they are also influenced by factors at the university and social environment. Therefore It is recommended that educational administrators and planners, considering the individual, organizational, supportive, and educational factors affecting the performance of talented students, which were explained in this study, provide a suitable platform for the advancement and improvement of these students' academic performance in universities.

In modern educational systems, one of the primary objectives of higher education institutions is the achievement of the highest quality of education. One of the areas affecting the quality of education in medical universities is learning practical and professional skills. Practical skills training in medical universities prepares students for society, exerting a marked impact on public health. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the quality status of practical courses from the experiences of students at the School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.

This qualitative study was conducted on the 30 students of the School of Health at Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in the second semester of the academic year 2023-2024. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with students. Participants were selected via the purposive sampling method and after obtaining informed consent, they participated in the study. The interviews continued until the data were saturated. Data analysis was performed using the Diekelmann and colleagues method. To increase the credibility and reliability of the results, Lincoln and Guba’s methods were employed.

 The factors affecting the quality of practical course education from the students’ perspective were identified in six main themes: managerial skills (five categories), educational infrastructure (four categories), educational coordination (eight categories), communication-interaction skills (four categories), interdepartmental interaction (two categories), and faculty empowerment (two categories).

 As evidenced by the obtained results, managerial skills and mastery of the subject by professors, modern educational infrastructure, professor's connection with the industry, and coordination between theoretical and practical courses are the key factors in improving the quality of practical course education. Furthermore, attention to staff behavior and the development of a supportive and coordinated educational environment help increase students’ motivation and satisfaction.

Students as highly sensitive groups in society are exposed to psycho-social harm due to different reasons, such as lack of necessary ability to confront life problems. The present study aimed to assess students’ life skills status in Maragheh and Tabriz Universities of Medical Sciences.

In this cross-sectional study (from 2021-2022), 800 students from Tabriz and Maragheh Universities of Medical Sciences (400 from each university) voluntarily participated. The status of life skills (including self-awareness, empathy, effective communication and interpersonal relationships, emotion management and coping with stress, problem solving and decision-making, critical thinking, and creative thinking) was assessed by a 162-item questionnaire scored based a Likert scale from 1-6 (the most preferred option, score 6 and the most unfavorable option, score 1). The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.79 and its reliability was very good (Cronbach's alpha 0.88). Data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square, linear regression, and analysis of variance in SPSS software (version 27).

The level of self-awareness skill, emotion management and coping with stress skills were lower than other skills among students. Age demonstrated a significant relationship  with emotion management, coping with stress, and creative thinking. The skills of self-awareness, empathy, effective communication, interpersonal relationships, emotion management, dealing with stress, problem solving, and decision-making were higher among female students. In all life skills, the level of PhD and associate degree students was higher than others; nonetheless, there was no significant relationship between any of the educational levels and the level of skills.

based on findings,  greater attention to improving students' awareness of life skills is necessary. This study can help university administrators to identify the students with low levels of life skills in order to design and implement appropriate strategic programs, such as developing and presenting related course units, holding educational workshops, lectures, and conferences to increase the level of life skills of students of Maragheh and Tabriz Universities of Medical Sciences.

 Ethical decision-making is a fundamental aspect of management and a vital competency for healthcare professionals, enabling them to handle complex responsibilities effectively. Surgical technology students, as one of the key groups involved in bedside care, train and work in a complex environment. Due to their close interaction with patients and their presence in the high-risk environment of the operating room, this group experiences higher levels of stress and must make proper ethical decisions in response to ethical dilemmas encountered at the bedside. This study aims to explore the experiences of ethical decision-making among surgical technology trainees.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2023 at Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Using a purposive sampling method, 15 eighth-semester surgical technology students voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured, interactive, face-to-face interviews with open-ended questions focusing on students' experiences of ethical decision-making during clinical training. For data analysis, MAXQDA software (version 24) and the conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman were employed.

Data analysis yielded a total of 283 meaning units, categorized into three main themes: "Violation of Patient Rights," with four subcategories; "Violation of Student Rights," with five subcategories; and "Educational Shortcomings in Students", with two subcategories.

This study highlights the crucial need for ethical decision-making skills among surgical technology students and underscores the importance of addressing educational shortcomings to better prepare them for the challenges of the operating room environment

Academic burnout is a common problem among students, and academic motivation is a key factor in its reversal. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between academic motivation and academic burnout in medical students.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study involved 350 students from Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, selected through a stratified sampling method. The data was acquired by utilizing both the Wallerand academic motivation questionnaire and the Moslesh academic burnout questionnaire - student version. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 19 software, including independent t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and Pearson correlation coefficient, at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The average age of the students was 22.73±2.75 years, and 57.4% were female, 89.4% were single, and 53.1% were undergraduates. 54.3% were from medical school and 81.7% were non-native. Also,10.6% of participants reported experiencing high academic burnout, 66.6% reported moderate academic burnout, and only 22.8% reported low academic burnout. In addition, a significant negative correlation was observed between the academic motivation and academic burnout scores (r=-0.41, p=0.03).

Considering that academic burnout is common in students and it is less common in those with more academic motivation, it is suggested to use educational and psychological interventions to enhance students' academic motivation and ultimately reduce academic burnout.Keywords: Academic Motivation, Academic Burnout, Student, Medical Sciences.

Information-seeking behavior of individuals has been greatly influenced by the emergence of digital libraries. The objective of this research was to examine the factor affecting information-seeking behavior of medical students when utilizing the digital library. This descriptive-analytical study, through the utilization of Morgan table and stratified random sampling techniques, 234 student at Abadan University of medical sciences was chosen to partake in the research. Data collection was carried out using an information seeking behavior. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21 software and frequency, one-sample t test, independent t test, and ANOVA analysis of variance calculated at a significance level of 0.05. Highest averages were observed for the flow of experience, usefulness, and ease of use. The average information-seeking behavior of students was calculated to be 3.38, with a standard deviation of 0.68. A notable distinction was observed among the three components, self-efficacy in obtaining information, information seeking, and information need, in relation to the information-seeking behavior of students in the digital library. However, no significant differences were found between gender, age, and field of study of students in terms of their attitude towards information-seeking behavior in the digital library. The advancement in digital library usage depend on adapting to the information needs and information-seeking behaviors of users to maximize productivity. To enhance the usability of digital libraries, customized programs should be developed to increase user familiarity with the services offered, alongside a more proactive involvement of librarians.

Mental health is a state of well-being in which each person understands their potential abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, have productive and fruitful work and be useful for his society, and since students are one of the most important strata of society and as future managers, they play an important role in the future administration of the country and the growth and development of the society, their mental health has special importance. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the attitude and practical commitment to prayer and its effect on the mental health of Iranian students.

Identification and retrieval of studies was done through searching SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Noormags, Civilica, Ensani Portal databases and Google Scholar without publication time limit (from the beginning to the end of November, 2023). After reviewing the articles, twelve studies with a total sample of 4135 students, which met the inclusion criteria, were systematically reviewed.

The results of the included studies showed a statistically significant relationship between commitment to prayer and reducing depression, increasing mental health, and life satisfaction of students (p<0.05). The effect of gender (women more than men) on the tendency to prayer was also observed in the results of the studies.

Considering the direct effect of prayer on the mental health of students, it is suggested that comprehensive and effective measures be taken in cultural planning and university policies to promote culture associated with performing prayer in universities to improve the mental health of students.

Hope is essential for human health, so life expectancy is definitely a basic need for students. On this basis, the present study was conducted with the aim of examining the mediating role of resilience in relation to spiritual experiences in predicting hope in students.

The current research was descriptive-correlational. The research population included all male and female undergraduate students of Farhangian University of Qazvin province in the academic year 2021-2022 (no = 900). Based on Morgan and Gujersi's table, 269 students were selected by available sampling method. The data collection instruments included the spiritual experiences questionnaire by Underwood and Tersey (2002), and Connor and Davidson's resilience (2003), and Snyder et al.'s (1991) life expectancy questionnaires. To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test was used on SPSS version 24 and AMOS software was used to check the research model.

The feeling of the presence of God both directly (P < 0.01, β = 0.205) and indirectly with the mediation of resilience (P < 0.01, β = 0.126) had an effect on life expectancy. Positive Communication with God both directly (P < 0.01, β = 0.135) and indirectly with the mediation of resilience (P < 0.01, β = 0.082) had a positive effect on life expectancy. The feeling of responsibility towards others both directly (P < 0.01, β = 0.172) and indirectly with the mediation of resilience (P < 0.01, β = 0.110) had a positive effect on life expectancy.

The results of this study show the importance of paying attention to spiritual experiences and resilience as variables affecting hope in students. Therefore, such issues as supporting, facilitating and attention to people's spiritual desires and needs should be taken into consideration in the care programs.

Mental health is closely related to emotions and feelings. In this regard, emotional maturity can provide the groundwork for managing emotions in response to environmental demands. The present study aimed to predict emotional maturity based on early maladaptive schemas, mediated by perceived social support, in college students.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The study population consisted of Ferdowsi University students enrolled in the academic year 2022-2023. Among them, 353 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. The Singh and Bhargava Emotional Maturity Scale (1990), the Young Schema Questionnaire (1998), and the Zimet et al. Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (1988) were used for data collection. To examine the mediating role of a variable, structural equation modeling using AMOS 26 was employed.

The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant negative correlation between early maladaptive schemas and emotional maturity, as well as between early maladaptive schemas and perceived social support. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between emotional maturity and perceived social support. The results of the structural equation model indicated that the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and emotional maturity can be mediated by perceived social support.

Based on the findings of this research, conducting individual or group sessions based on schema therapy for students and teaching appropriate support methods for family members can be crucial in fostering emotional maturity among students.

Religious attitude is related to people's way of thinking, speech, and behavior. The present research aimed to investigate the relationship between religious-spiritual attitudes with happiness, self-esteem, and self-concept in students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted using a correlation method among 350 students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster, and the subjects were all students of this university. The collection of data was carried out using demographic questionnaires, as well as Clark and Stark's Religious Orientation (1965), Oxford Happiness (Argyle and Lou, 1990), Rosenberg's Self-esteem (1965), and Sarasut's Self-concept (1981) scales. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS (version 25) software.

The results indicated that the mean age of all participants was 19.33 years. Among the participants, 62, 57, 76, and 94 identified as Kurdish, Turkish, Lor, and Fars, respectively, with 61 belonging to other ethnicities. The majority of participants were of Fars ethnicity, constituting 26.86% of the total. In terms of gender, the number and percentage of participants were equal (women=175, men=175). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between happiness (r=0.621; P<0.05), self-esteem (r=0.498; P<0.05), and self-concept (r=0.469; P<0.05) with religious-spiritual attitudes.

According to findings, there were significant differences between religious and spiritual attitudes regarding happiness, self-esteem, and self-concept; therefore, paying more attention to religious and spiritual capacities, especially among teenagers and young people, can lead to the promotion of happiness, self-esteem, and self-concept in them.

The academic performance of students is an index by which their learning and progress is judged, and many individual and environmental factors are effective in academic performance.

The present study aimed to develop a model of student's academic performance based on personality traits and academic engagement with the mediation of self-efficacy and academic motivation.

The research method was descriptive correlational and the statistical population of the present study included all students of Azad University, Science and Research Branch in 2018 and 2019 among them, 422 people were selected by available sampling method. The research tools include the NEO Five-Factor Inventory by Costa & McCrae (1989); the Academic Engagement Questionnaire by Reeve et al., (2013); the Self-Efficacy Scale by Sherer et al. (1982); the Academic Motivation Scale by Vallerand et al. (1992) and Educational Performance Test by Dortaj & Delavar (2005). The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data.

The results of the present study showed that the coefficient of the indirect path between academic engagement and academic performance through academic self-efficacy was significant (p<.01, β=.072). The indirect path coefficient between academic engagement and academic performance through academic demotivation was significant (p<.01, β=.056). The indirect path coefficient between neuroticism and academic performance through self-efficacy was significant (p<.01, β=-.050). The indirect path coefficient between conscientiousness and academic performance through internal academic motivation (p<.01, β=.064) and through academic demotivation (p<.01, β=.055) were significant. The indirect path coefficient between agreeableness and academic performance through internal academic motivation (p<0.01, β=.068) and academic demotivation (p<0.05, β=.034) were significant.

Personality traits and academic engagement predict academic performance with the mediation of self-efficacy and academic motivation. It is suggested to hold workshops with academic self-efficacy content to the officials, administrators, and teachers.

Today, educational systems are vital for social and economic development. In this regard, making fair and accurate assessments of student competencies, particularly in medical sciences, is essential. The purpose of this study is to explain the challenges and necessities of designing a new scoring system in the student Olympiad of health system management and to seek to provide practical and scientific solutions to improve the scoring process and achieve educational justice in this field. This developmental process utilized the Scholarship of Teaching & Learning (SoTL) approach within an innovative Multi-Dimensional Scores Calibration Model (MDSCM).  The model comprises seven steps: needs and objectives analysis, scoring system design, anchor point determination, evaluator training, system implementation, analysis and evaluation, and continuous improvement. The process successfully met the defined educational objectives. The novel scoring system, based on score calibration and anchor point adjustments, minimized evaluator discrepancies and question difficulty errors, enhancing scoring accuracy and fairness. Additionally, it empowered evaluators and led to the development of score calculation software. The findings indicated that innovative approaches and calibration techniques can significantly mitigate scoring biases and promote educational equity. This system enables students to showcase their true abilities and fosters a fairer, more efficient educational environment. The achievements of this process can be considered a model for other educational systems and scientific assessments, contributing to the improvement of quality in education and evaluation across various fields.

Cosmetic surgery is defined as a method of maintaining, restoring, or enhancing the physical appearance through surgical and medical techniques, and considering that in recent years, people's attention and interest in surgical and non-surgical methods have greatly increased and about 90% of these procedures are performed by women. This study aimed to determine the effect of life skills training on the attitude of female students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences towards cosmetic medicine interventions.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 female dormitory students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 1402 in two randomly selected intervention and control groups. Data were collected using the demographic and attitude toward cosmetic surgery (ACSS) and body image fear (BICI) questionnaires. Training was conducted in 6 one-hour sessions for 3 weeks in a face-to-face manner using a question and answer method. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and analytical statistics including independent t-tests and paired t-test were used to analyze the data and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data.

The participants in the study before the intervention were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables and average score (ACSS) and (BICI) (P ≥ 0.05). After the educational intervention, there was a significant difference between the average score of (ACSS) and (BICI) in both the test and control groups (P ≤ 0.05). The test group participants had a significant decrease in the average score (ACSS) and (BICI).

Life skills training was able to help the intervention group students reduce their body image fears by improving skills such as informed decision-making, management, and coping with their loss in a healthy way. Therefore, the results of the present study confirm the effectiveness of life skills training on female students' attitudes towards cosmetic medicine interventions.

The profession of dentistry is one of the most vulnerable professions. The purpose of this research was to determine the ergonomic status of Rafsanjan dental students using the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) method in 2022.

In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the students were selected in one academic semester using convenience sampling method (50 people). RULA and Nowerdik’s Questionnaire were used to examine the ergonomic and skeletal-muscular condition, respectively. Data analysis was done by non-parametric Chi square and Spearman tests.

In the study of ergonomic status with the RULA tool, a high percentage of dental students prioritized corrective action three (34%) and four (56%). There was no significant relationship between the ergonomics course score and the final grade of RULA and (p>0.05).

 Most of the dental students in Rafsanjan need more training and posture changes. Also, the symptoms of skeletal-muscular disorders and pain in Rafsanjan dental students have a high percentage.