جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کم وزنی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The prevalence of low birth weight is one of the important sanitary indices in evaluating the prenatal care all over the world. So, recognition of risky factor related to low birth weight can help prevent the occurrence of being low birth weight. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of positive intervention on reducing depression, anxiety and stress in mothers with Infant’s low birth weight.

This semi-experimental study was conducted as pre-test and post-test with control group. Statistical population included all mothers with Infant’s low birth weight in the city of Dezful. From among these mothers, 30 mothers were randomly selected and put into the experimental and control groups of 15 persons each. The DASS-22 Scale was the instrument of this study. First, the pretest was conducted on the two groups. Then, the experimental group was exposed to an eight-session training of group schema therapy these sessions were weekly held in group. At the end, the post-test was applied on both groups. One-way analysis of variance was used for intergroup changes using SPSS version 25 software and a significance level of P<0.05.

The results of univariate covariance analysis showed that the positive intervention reduced depression, anxiety and stress of mothers with low-birth-weight babies (P<0.001).

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that positive intervention is an effective treatment for reducing depression, anxiety and stress of mothers with low-birth-weight babies and generally improving people's mental health

Low birth weight is among the causes of various disorders. Low birth weight is one of the most serious health problems in today's world. It is probably a cause of death in the neonatal period. The mortality rate of infants weighing less than 2500 grams is 40 times higher than their normal–weight counterparts. This case is valid in these children even concerning mortality before 15 years of age (at greater risk). Low birth weight can also be associated with short–term and long–term problems for the individual. Sensory and motor disorders, such as intellectual disabilities, behavioral problems, hyperactivity, cardiovascular disease, can also be induced by low birth weight. Several factors contribute to this condition. Thus, recognizing these characteristics can be controlled by taking them to reduce the incidence of this disorder. Among the factors affecting birth weight are biological, cognitive, and psychological characteristics. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between parents' biological and cognitive characteristics and low birth weight in neonates.

This was a case–control study. The statistical population consisted of all infants born from October 2014 to October 2015 and their parents. Using the neonatal and maternity records of Imam Reza Hospital in Sirjan City, Iran, 25 parents of neonates weighing less than 2500 grams and 25 parents of neonates weighing over 2500 grams were selected. Dr. Afrooz's questionnaire on biological, psychological, and social characteristics was used to collect the necessary data. The mean and standard deviation were used; for the serial variables, frequency and percentage were applied. Furthermore, to investigate the relationship between the study variables, the Chi–squared test, Fisher's Exact test, linear correlation, binary logistic regression analysis, and nonparametric test, Independent–Samples t–test (for continuous variables), were used. SPSS was implemented to analyze the collected data at the significance level of 0.05.

The present study findings suggested no significant difference between the mean scores of maternal and fetal age and the mean maternal overweight at the time of admission in both groups of low and normal infants (p<0.05); however, the mean weight at birth, birth height, and head circumference in normal–weight infants were significantly higher than those in their low birth weight counterparts (p<0.05). Marriage type did not present any significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). In single–variable and logistic regression analyses, only the father's knowledge about maternal pregnancy significantly affected low birth weight (p=0.017).

The biological characteristics and recognition features affect newborns' weight at birth. This study's results can be used in health care, especially for pregnant women.

Low birth weight is one of the most widespread public health problems associated with high infant mortality. This study aimed to identify maternal risk factors affecting low birth weight neonates in Rafsanjan hospitals.

This case-control study consisted of 120 low birth weight infants (less than 2500 grams) as the case group and 120 normal weight infants (2500 grams and more) as controls in 2018. The data were collected by a randomized checklist from the records of the delivery mothers in the hospitals of Rafsanjan and were analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-test and logistic regression.

According to the results of the tests, the number of prenatal care and gestational age at birth was lower in the case group than in the control group, but the history of low birth weight was higher in the case group. Logistic regression for the history of low birth weight (OR=4.196, p=0.008) in the case group was more than the control and mean birth interval (OR=0.992, p=0.036) and gestational age at birth delivery (p<0.001, OR=0.61) was lower in the case group than in the control group.

Findings showed that low number of prenatal care, having low birth weight, preterm delivery, and low birth interval have a role in low birth weight. Therefore, increasing pregnancy care coverage and paying attention to mothers who have low birth weight and preterm birth and increasing the interval between births can decrease low birth weight infants.

Children's health, preserving and promoting it is a health priority of any society. Malnutrition affects all age groups, but malnutrition in children is one of the most common nutritional problems that can delay body growth, shortened height, frequent infections, mental retardation, the prevalence of mental disorders, lack of academic achievement and reduced efficacy. Because of the importance and impact of this issue in children, the purpose of this study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of underweight in Iranian children, in order to highlight the importance of this issue to health policy-makers.
A meta-analysis was performed for relevant articles in scientific databases including Scientific Information Database (SID), ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google Scholar. Entrance criteria included cross-sectional studies (March 1996 to February 2017) that had a low incidence of underweight in Iranian children in different parts of Iran. Non-relevant articles included review articles, interventions, cohorts and case studies, and studies that looked at obesity, overweight and the relationship between these factors and other diseases, excluded from the study list. Reference lists of identified articles were reviewed for additional articles. Heterogeneity of study was checked using I2 index and the possibility of publication bias by funnel plot and Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test and a significance level of 0.1. Data were analyzed using the comprehensive meta-analysis software, version 3 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA).
In 26 articles reviewed in the study, total number of participants was 142938 persons at the age of 1 month to 12 years. The overall prevalence of underweight in Iranian children was 15.5% (Cl 95%: 12%-19.7%) during 1996 to 2017. The highest prevalence of underweight in was recorded in Birjand city in 2006 and Zahedan city in 2009, 68.6% (Cl 95%: 63.3%-72.9%) and the lowest prevalence of underweight in was found in city of Jahrom in 2013, 1.8% (Cl 95%: 1.2%-2.9%).
According to the results of this study, the prevalence of low-birth-weight in the country is high and requires interventional measures.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 250 million children under the age of five suffer from vitamin A deficiency and 2.8 to 3 million children under the age of 5 suffer from clinical symptoms of vitamin A deficiency. Since the malnutrition of children is related to their diet, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of vitamin A in children aged 1-6 years in Darab city and its relationship with some socioeconomic factors and anthropometric indices using a specific vitamin A questionnaire.
In this cross-sectional study, which was part of a project to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in children under 6 years old in Fars province Fars province, 510 one to six years old children were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling in Darab. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics were evaluated through questionnaires and interviews. Children height and weight were calculated based on Z score. To evaluate the status of receiving vitamin A, the Helen Clare International Center for Dietary Frequency Questionnaire was used. Chi-square test and logistic regression were adjusted for age and sex were used.
father's occupation [OR=1.1; CI %95 [0.980-1.46], P=0.05] differed significantly in two groups [no efficient or efficient vitamin A].Contact between Property and income with vitamin A deficiency means no statistic different. [p>0.05]. Mild degrees of malnutrition in children is more common and there is significant difference between under weighting and stunting and wasting parameters with vitamin A deficiency in animal source [p Vitamin A deficiency is not a matter of health issue in Darab. It rather correlates with deficiency in animal vitamin A intake that might be proxy of poor socioeconomic status.

Aims: Two major health problems in the developing countries are malnutrition and growth failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth indices (height and weight) and rate of growth failure in 1- to 18-mounth infants.
Instrument &

In the analytic-descriptive cross-sectional study, 1- to 18-mounth infants referred to the health centers of Quchan were studied in two steps in 2012. 1002 infants were selected via available method classified in three age groups. Heights and weights of the infants were recorded. Height and weight diagrams were described. Data was analyzed by SPSS 14 software.
Findings: Less than 5 percentile height and weight in 1- to 6-mounth infants, in 7- to 12-mounth infants, and in 13- to 18-mounth infants were 7.9 and 3.5% (in females) and 8.6 and 2.4% (in males), 5.3 and 9.3% (in females) and 8.1 and 7.0% (in males), 11.6 and 8.6% (in females) and 9.7 and 6.5% (in males), respectively. In growth failure, the most prevalent ages in males (9.7%) and in females (9.3%) were 13- to 18-mounth and 7- to 12-mounth, respectively. Maximum frequency of less than 5 percentile height was in 13- to 18-mounth infants (both genders).

Based on WHO criteria, nutritional status is favorable in 1- to 18-mounth infants in Quchan.

Low birth weight is the most important public health problem, especially in the developing countries, associated with many complications. Magnesium, an essential element for many enzymes, have been studied in recent decades and can reduce preterm labor and low birth weight. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship of maternal serum magnesium levels and the incidence of low-birth-weight infants.

In this case-control study, 21 low- (cases) and 39 normal-birth-weight (control group) infants were studied. Information was collected by infant physical examination, interview with the mother and maternal blood laboratory tests. For the measurement of maternal serum magnesium level, atomic absorption spectrometry method was used. The collected data were analyzed using independent t and chi-square tests.

The mean maternal serum magnesium level was significantly (P = 0.001) lower in the case group (2.24 ± 0.07 mg) compared with the control group (2.61 ± 0.09 mg). Low maternal serum magnesium level is a risk factor for incidence of low birth weight.

Maternal serum magnesium level is a predictive risk factor for low birth weight. Therefore, to reduce the incidence of low birth weight, as one of the most important causes of infant mortality, oral administration of magnesium and dietary advices can be taken.

Introduction & Children, with special dietary needs due to growth are significantly at risk for malnutrition. Malnutrition, particularly underweight malnutrition, is one of the nutritional problems in children. This study investigated the prevalence of children underweight 3- 6 years old in the villages of Neyshabur. This cross-sectional study was done in all 3-6 year- old children (1621 cases) in the rural kindergartens of Neyshabur in 1388. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software ver. 16, used t-student, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. This study showed that 576 cases (Prevalence=35.5%) of 1621 children under observation were suffering from underweight, of this number, 330 cases (Prevalence=39%) were boys and 246 cases (Prevalence 31.7%) were girls.This difference was statistically significant (P=0.002). 77.2% of children had mild malnutrition, 20.7% had moderate malnutrition and 2.1% had severe malnutrition.The highest prevalence of underweight was observed in 6- year- old children. According to the results of this study, the prevalence of underweight in children studied in rural areas, especially in boys, is relatively high and appropriate training is essential to be given to parents in the field of proper nutrition in children.

Unfortunately, today the incidence of abnormal body mass index (BMI) in adolescents is increasing for various reasons that can have a negative impact on their health. This study aimed to determine the status of BMI in adolescents and its socio-demographic predictors in adolescents was conducted in the city of Sanandaj in 1391. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1,500 adolescents 18-14 years (750 boys and 750 girls) enrolled in public, semi-public and private schools in the city of Sanandaj. The sampling method was random. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine socio-demographic predictors of BMI. The mean (SD) of BMI in adolescents was 20.89 (3.73) kg/m2. About a quarter of adolescents had abnormal BMI (4.9% and 21.2% respectively for lower and higher than the normal range). Gender, employment status, and use drug continually were predictors of abnormal BMI. The lower and higher range of BMI was more in boys. Frequency of higher rang of BMI was significantly more frequent in adolescent used drug continually and lower in adolescents who were working with education. Discussion & According to our results, the prevalence of abnormal BMI, particularly overweight and obesity is high in adolescents. It seems that further researches to determine the main reasons of this problem and practical solutions to solve it are urgent necessity for the health of adolescents and so the next generation.:

Preterm birth and low birth weight are considered as causes of morbidity and mortality، developmental disorders and child abnormalities. Since health outcomes differ on ethno-racial groups and there is little information among hand with regards to the said matter in Iran، this study was designed to survey the preterm and low birth weight prevalence on Iranian and Afghan nationalities. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 5925 Iranian and Afghan live births which delivered in Rafsanjan Nik-Nafs hospital on 2011-2012. Data was collected via use of delivery records of hospital medical documentary unit. The criterion for preterm birth was gestational age less than 37 weeks، and for low birth weight was birth weight less than 2500 grams. For data analysis، independent two-sample t-test، chi-square and Fisher''s exact tests were used. overal، 5532 infants (93. 4%) were Iranian and 393 infant (6. 6%) were Afghan. Preterm birth prevalence was 7. 5% (447 cases)، so that 7. 1% (391 cases) and 14. 5% (56 cases) were Iranian and Afghan respectively (p<0. 001). In the present study، low birth weight prevalence was 7% (416 cases) out of which 6. 7% (367 cases) were Iranian and 12. 7% (49 cases) were Afghan (p<0. 001). Since high prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight were seen among the Afghan refugees، it appears that race and different factors such as: lack of proper insurance، availablity of health services and a lower socio-economic status are in linked with this increase.

low birth weight is one of the important sanitary indices in evaluating the prenatal care all over the world. So، recognition of risky factor related to low birth weight can help prevent the occurrence of being low birth weight. The purpose of this research is comparison of psychological distress of low birth weight – newborns، mothers with those of normal weight- newborns’ counterparts. In this causal-comparative study، first، all newborn babies in hospitals and maternity centers Khuzestan between Farwardin (May. 2012) and Esfand (March. 2013) were selected. Then، 100 low birth weight babies and 100 normal weight babies were randomly selected along with their mothers who filled the Depression‚ Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS- 21) with 0/82 reliability. the results are compared using t-test. there was a significant difference between the mothers of the two groups in Depression‚ Anxiety and Stress (p<0/ 001). recognition of some risk factors pertaining of low birth weight province can help take preventive measures to reduce its rate. the results of research were discussed، and research limitation and suggestions were presented.

Malnutrition is a serious medical condition marked by a deficiency of energy، essential protein، fats، vitamins and mineral in a diet. Malnutrition causes a high rate of childhood morbidity and mortality in the world. The aim of this study was to assess the effective factors (anthropometrics) on malnutrition in infants of Babol، Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed on 782 infants from six medical health centers in Babol. Data were gathered by using a questionnaire including demographic and anthropometric information، family characteristics and kind of nutrition. In this study، the height، weight and age measurement was used to evaluate the nutrition condition. NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) reference which confirmed by WHO were used to compare these measurements. From 782 infants، 370 (47. 3%) were female and 412 (52. 7%) were male. 250 infants (89. 9%) under 6 months were fed with breast milk and 349 (69. 8%) infants above 6 months fed with breast milk and supplementary feeding. 5. 4% of female and 0. 5% of male infants were underweight، 4. 6% of female and 1% of male infants were stunting، and wasting observed in 10. 4% of female and 3. 9% of male infants. Gender had a relationship with underweight (p=0. 000)، wasting (p=0. 000) and stunting (p=0. 002). There was also a significant relationship between birth weight and underweight (p=0. 006) and stunting (p=0. 000) In this study the infants had mild malnutrition based on growth indices. This study showed that the infants had mild malnutrition. So، promoting family awareness about different factors causing malnutrition، family education، family support and nutritional support are recommended

Malnutrition among children under five year is a significant public health index. The aim of study was to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in under 5 years old children in Chadegan (area district city) parish of in Isfahan، Iran. This was a community-based cross-sectional study. It was carried out on all randomly selected households with children age under five years old in rural and urban area of Chadegan in 2010 year. Demographic information was collected via household and a standardized questionnaire was administered to mothers or guardians and trained personnel measured weight and height or length. The results revealed that prevalence of malnutrition’s based on wasting، underweighting and stunting and obesity were 17. 8%، 34. 5%، 37% and 2. 2% respectively. The main contributing factors for wasting were found to be child’s age، habitat، onset of complementary food، history of disease، hospitalization (P<0. 05). Gender، father''s job، mother’s education، ethnic، habitat، history of disease were found to be correlated with stunting as well. (P< 0. 05). Development programs should focus on the disadvantaged rural and urban arears of people to improve their nutritional status. Intervention strategies and programs should be developed to target the preventable risk factors.

Back ground& Malnutrition in under 5 year old children is one of the main issues of our country. To achieve the goal of higher healthy children، nutrition condition and the related risk should be identified. In this descriptive – cross sectional study، 596 under – five – year – old children in Maneh – Semelghan were examined by classified sampling method. The children were 0 – 60 months old، using NCHS reference curve for comparison. For evaluating the nutrition، three indices: weight for Gomez Age standard، weight for height and height for Waterlow Age standard were used for assessing underweight، wasting and stunting respectively. The data were analyzed by SPSS and Chi – Square (P≤0. 05). Children in this study suffered from under weightness (%10. 5)، stunting (%9. 3) and wasting (%10. 8). The predisposing factors of children malnutrition (parent education level، father’s job، child’s weight at the moment of being born) were significantly related to the issue. The results show that nutrition of the children in Maneh – Semelghan is not satisfactory and they suffer from severe to chronic malnutrition. It seems that low level education of mothers and also children’s weight lower than 2500 gr at the moment of being born can be considered as a risk factor on stunting and wasting of children.

Being underweight or obese in adolescence may lead to chronic diseases in adulthood. Stunting has adverse effects on behavioral development. The present study assessed anthropometric indices for school children aged 12-14 yr in the city of Ilam in Iran. A cross-sectional study was performed on 493 students aged 12-14 years. Systematic sampling was used to select the samples for each grade. Data was gathered using validated scales. Weight، height، and BMI were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS software. CDC2000 criteria were used in anthropometric assessment. The incidence of being underweight، at risk of being overweight، being overweight، or being stunted in the school children studied were 21. 5%، 8. 2%، 0. 6%، and 13%، respectively، based on CDC2000 anthropometric criteria. Furthermore، it was found that stunting in girls was three times higher than in boys. A significant relationship was observed between the incidence of being underweight and the mother’s literacy (p<0. 05). No relationship was found between family height، BMI، stunting، and birth order for being underweight. Considering the prevalence of stunted، underweight and overweight school children، it is necessary to implement appropriate strategies to improve nutritional status by educating parents at the local level.

Malnutrition of children, which has undesirable effects on mental and physical health of them, is one of the important health problems throughout the world; particularly in developing countries. Most of the studies about malnutrition in Iran have been done on the basis of NCHS standards, but, today it is recommended to do this kind of study according to new WHO standards. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of malnutrition in under-5 year olds in Birjand city according to the recent standards. This cross-sectional and descriptive study was done on 480 under-5 year olds that selected through multistage cluster sampling method in Birjand city in 2011.At the same time of measuring height and weight, demographic data of the children (age, sex, birth order, and birth weight) were recorded in the questionnaires by interviewing their mothers. In order to study malnutrition, three indices were used namely weight to age (underweight), weight to height (leanness), and height to age(shortness). The obtained data was analyzed by means of descriptive statistical methods and chi-square test, using SPSS software (V:15), and a=0.05 was taken as the significant level. Out of 480 children 50.4% were males, 93.3% had birth weight ≥2500 gr, 56% were above 24 months. 57.7% were the first in birth order. According to the new WHO standards, Weight index showed that 93.7% were normal and 6.3% were underweight (5% moderately and 1.3% severely). Regarding stunting criteria, 90.2% were normal and 9/8 % were short (7.7% moderately and 2.1% extremely short). Prevalence of underweight and stunting was significantly higher in children with birth weight under 2500 gr (P<0.001). Wasting criteria showed that 99.2% were normal and 0.8% had moderate wasting. According to the results and comparing them with those of similar studies, it is concluded that the nutritional status of under 5 year children in Birjand is appropriate. Regarding the significant relationship of underweight and stunting with low birth weight, more control on high risk pregnancy for reducing the rate of low birth weight infants and supportive nutritional and educational measures for these children are recommended.

The evaluation of growth in children in addition to show nutritional status and health of children in each community is considered as a valid tool for measuring quality of life (QoL). UNICEF reported a total of 40،000 daily deaths due to malnutrition. The present study was conducted to review the nutritional status of rural children under 6 in Zahedan، Iran. In a cross-sectional study، 514 rural children 6 to 59 months by multistage random sampling and by questionnaire، interview and house-to-house survey in Zahedan were studied. Data collection tools were scale، questionnaire and metric measurement. Data analysis performed by Nutritional survey، besides anthropometric data were compared to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). According to these criteria، the moderate and severe underweight، wasting and stunting was Z score ≤ -2 and severity of malnutrition was defined as mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 115. 17. 3%، 25. 5% and 6. 8% of the studied children had moderate to severe underweight، stunted and wasted، respectively. Overall average height (83 ± 11. 4 vs. 82 ± 12. 2)، weight (11 ± 2. 6 vs. 10 ± 2. 6) and MUAC (145 ± 14. 3 vs. 141 ± 16. 2) in the boys was higher than the girls. The prevalence of stunting (29. 7% vs. 22. 5%)، underweight (20. 7% vs. 15. 7%) and wasted (9. 8% vs. 4. 4%) were higher in boys than in girls (P > 0. 05). The findings indicated that the prevalence of malnutrition is one of public problems in the rural children under 6 in Zahedan. Thus، this suggested that the gap might be filled by improvement in nutrition and health services along with the socio-economic development.

Birth-weight is affected by many factors. Some studies have shown that season of birth may be affected on birth-weight. However، there is less information about this effete mechanisms underlying. This study was carried out to define the relationship among birth weight and season of birth and some related factors. This analytical cross-sectional study was held on 808 children under one year old who were attended to health centers of west of Ahvaz in 2008. Samples were randomly selected in two stages. Data were gathered through questionnaire and were analyzed by the means of statistical SPSS software version 17، Chi-Square and Pearson correlation tests، ANOVA، and linear regression. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Mean birth-weight was 3273. 5±525. 4، 3251. 6±421. 3، 3280. 5±547. 6 and 3192. 9 ±518. 4 gram in spring، summer، autumn and winter respectively. Although there was no significant correlation between these variables، a seasonal rhythm in mean birth-weight was observed. The rates of low birth weight were 4. 9% with highest rate (6. 5%) in winter. The relationship between birth-weight and other variables such as sex، birth rank، maternal age، and weight gain in pregnancy were significantly positive (p<0. 05). In regards to the findings، improvement of proper and efficient prenatal care، educational and interventional programs focusing on gestational weight-gain and special care of nuliparous women can play an important role in increasing birth weight.