جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "Diabetes" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly consequential to global health among chronic diseases. Due to a limited researches that have examined relationships between liver enzymes and DM, this study aimed to investigate the link between elevated liver enzymes and diabetes among Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) Guilan cohort study (PGCS) population.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10519 individuals. The demographic and clinical information of the participants was recorded. The changes in alanine aminotransferases (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were evaluated. IBM SPSS Version 21 was used to analyze the data, with a significance level < 0.05.

The frequency of diabetes was 24.1% and was more prevalent in women than men (27.4% vs. 20.2%, p< 0.001). After removing all confederates, patients with elevated ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP levels were 1.27, 1.27, 1.52, and 1.46 times more likely to have diabetes, respectively. The likelihood of developing diabetes rose in correlation with the number of elevated liver enzymes, up to almost 1.77-fold among subjects with three or four increased liver enzymes.

Patients diagnosed with diabetes exhibited significantly increased levels of liver enzymes compared to those without diabetes. Also, impairment of three or four liver enzymes demonstrated a positive correlation with an elevated likelihood of DM. This indicates the importance of considering the liver status in the management of the DM population.

Health professionals have been making efforts to avoid heart and kidney complications among diabetes patients. However, these efforts were not effective due to not directly addressing the personal needs of each patient. The purpose of this study was to explore the preferences of diabetes patients regarding health services to prevent heart and kidney complications.

A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was used in this study. The samples were diabetes mellitus patients living in the Kedungmundu Community Health Center’s working area who were not experiencing heart or kidney complications, totaling about 25 participants. After obtaining consent, in-depth interviews were conducted using five questions prepared as a semi-structured interview guide. The duration of the interviews ranged from 30 to 60 minutes. The data analysis utilized the seven steps of the Colaizzi phenomenological analytic method. 

The identified themes were diet pattern adjustment, expectations for health information, information on choosing the right medication, need for information on the right type of exercise, biochemical and hemodynamic control, and expectations for health care services.

The themes found provide valuable information for health professionals and the government to develop a national health improvement program to prevent complications in a more optimal and targeted manner, according to the needs of patients in Indonesia and other countries in Asia with the same culture. The development of a personalized care program to reduce the risk of heart and kidney disease complications needs to be pursued in the future.

Sucrose is the most common sweetener used in food products. Nowadays, sugar consumption in all daily food items increases the incidence of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Due to its harmful effects on human health, the desire to reduce it in food products has increased. One of the ways to reduce sugar in food products is the use of sweeteners instead of sugar. There are different types of sugar substitutes, which are divided into natural, artificial, and semi-synthetic groups. The main purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the application of various sugar substitutes in food products with a focus on recent advances and outputs. Sweeteners used as sugar substitutes in food products may cause changes in the technological, organoleptic, or physicochemical properties of the new product. It may also cause nutritional challenges in the produced product. Therefore, challenges and future trends of sugar substitutes in food products are investigated in more detail.

Electronic information technology (EIT) to improve self-management among diabetes patients has become a current trend in other countries. Thus, this study aimed to explore policymakers perspectives on EIT for self-management among patients with diabetes.

This research is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, conducted through in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out using the seven steps outlined by Polit and Beck. The research process was conducted from November 2023 to February 2024 at Roemani Hospital Semarang, Indonesia. The participants were 15 policymakers in the hospital recruited through purposive sampling.

Three major themes emerged in this study: 1) Information through existing media is not effective (additional information needed can be accessed through the app; information through social media is not recommended in several hospitals, there are no special media for diabetes, only video; time constraints affect patients’ ability to obtain health information); 2) Pros and cons of digital technology in hospitals (there are significant benefits of digital technology in hospitals, the effectiveness of technology can improve self-management in controlling the diet among patients, there are both positive and negative impacts on health services, understanding various perspectives regarding obstacles to the realization of technology is essential); and 3) Self-management education to increase self-awareness is needed (healthy behavior can be seen from self-management, and providing education based on patients preferences may improve diabetes self-management). 

Digital technology can improve collaboration between health workers and patients, but its effectiveness may be reduced for those less familiar with technology.

Neuropathic pain is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes, significantly affecting their quality of life. This study investigates the effects of combined vitamins C and E treatment on pain sensitivity in diabetic mice, aiming to elucidate their therapeutic potential for managing diabetic neuropathic pain.

Adult male BALB/c mice (25-30g) were used to induce animal model of diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The pain sensitivity was evaluated by several behavioral tests such as hot plate, tail flick and formalin test.

Our results demonstrated that glucose levels in diabetic mice were significantly elevated compared to controls, and Vitamin E treatment notably reduced glucose levels, while vitamin C alone did not show significant changes. Pain behavior was assessed using the formalin test, where both vitamins significantly reduced licking time during the acute phase and chronic phase with combined treatment exhibiting an additive effect. Additionally, the tail flick test revealed prolonged latency in response to thermal stimuli with both vitamins, indicating enhanced analgesic effects, particularly when administered together. The hot plate test further confirmed increased latency times with vitamin supplementation.

These findings suggest that vitamins C and E co-supplementation ameliorates pain sensitivity and may improve metabolic outcomes in diabetic conditions, highlighting the benefits of these antioxidants and their potential as therapeutic agents to improve clinical outcomes for patients suffering from diabetes-related pain.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a major debilitating complication in patients with diabetes. Evidence suggests that the early screening diagnosis of neuropathy can reduce the risk of diabetic foot ulcers and amputations.

The present study was conducted to screen peripheral neuropathy in type-2 diabetes mellitus.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus who were randomly  Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy is a major debilitating complication in patients with diabetes. Evidence suggests that the early screening diagnosis of neuropathy can reduce the risk of diabetic foot ulcers and amputations. The present study was conducted to screen peripheral neuropathy in type-2 diabetes mellitus. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus randomly recruited from a diabetes center in Khorrambad, Iran, in 2020.

DPN was assessed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument in two parts:

 interviews about neuropathic symptoms and clinical examinations. The validity and reliability of the tool have already been confirmed.Two hundred patients (110 men, 90 women) with type-2 diabetes mellitus were studied. A total of 57 (27%) of them had Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. The duration of the disease [OR: 4.01; 95% CI (2.1-5.2)], age [OR: 1.3; 95% CI (1.4-3.5)], BMI [OR: 3.1; 95% CI (1.5-5.7)] and smoking [OR: 2.8; 95% CI (1.8-4.9)] were the main risk factors that had significant positive correlations with neuropathy (P<0.05). The present findings emphasize the importance of screening for the early diagnosis of neuropathy in patients with diabetes. Foot examination is recommended to be incorporated into the routine management of diabetic patients in primary care centers.

The study focuses on evaluating the combined effects of quercetin (QCT) and catechin (CAT), both plant-based antioxidants, on alloxan-induced liver toxicity and diabetes in leptin-deficient (Lepob/ob) mice. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin secretion or insulin resistance.

Thirty mice were divided into five groups of 6, including: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic mice treated with 150 mg/kg CAT, diabetic mice treated with 150 mg/kg QCT, and diabetic mice treated with 150 mg/kg CAT, and 150 mg/kg QCT for seven days. Mice were anesthetized after overnight fasting on the 8th day, and the blood sample was collected and the levels of antioxidants and pro-inflammatory factors in serum, and the expression of ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) protein were measured, and histological studies were performed.

The results showed that diabetic mice receiving QCT and CAT showed lower liver enzymes, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), TNF-α, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total thiol, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in the liver compared to the ALLO group alone (P<0.001). The level of PARP protein significantly declined in the ALLO group compared to the control group.

The findings of this study demonstrated that QCT, and CAT are reasonably effective in preventing hepatotoxicity and diabetes in mice.

Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder and represents a significant global health challenge. The prevalence of diabetes is steadily increasing, making it a prevalent health condition worldwide. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is notably high in Iran. Traditional Iranian medicine incorporates a diverse array of plants and minerals for the management of diabetes. This review aims to identify and evaluate the medicinal plants native to Northwest Iran that have been traditionally employed for the treatment of diabetes.

This systematic review utilized a comprehensive search strategy to identify relevant literature on the use of medicinal plants for diabetes management in Northwest Iran. Authoritative scientific databases, including Google Scholar, SID, MagIran, PubMed, and Scopus, were systematically searched using the following keywords: 'medicinal plants,' 'Iran,' 'diabetes,' 'Urmia,' 'Tabriz,' 'Ardabil,' 'West Azerbaijan,' 'East Azerbaijan,' and 'ethnobotany.' The search results were filtered to include only ethnobotanical studies relevant to the research question.

The review has highlighted the use of numerous medicinal plants, including Apium graveolens, Alyssum desertorum, Arctium lappa, Avena sativa, Berberis integerima, Cerasus microcarpa, Crataegus aronia, Allium schoenoprasum, Urtica dioica, Phlomis aucheri, Salvia aethiopis, Melilotus officinalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Euphorbia helioscopia, Salvia officinalis, Salix aegyptiaca, and many others, in the provinces of West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, and Ardabil for the treatment of diabetes. These plant species have been traditionally used in the folk medicine of the region for their presumed antidiabetic properties.

The region of Northwest Iran possesses a rich tradition of ethnobotanical knowledge. The medicinal plants identified in this review warrant further investigation through rigorous clinical and pharmacological studies. If these plants demonstrate anti-diabetic effects, they could potentially serve as a valuable source for the development of novel anti-diabetic drugs.

Quercetin and exercise both have antidiabetic effects through decreasing blood glucose while increasinginsulin sensitivity. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT)and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) exercises along with quercetin administration on apoptosis andcardiomyopathy in diabetic obese rats. In this experimental study, 35 male Wistar rats [diabetic rats for experimental groups andnormal rats for healthy control (HC)] were divided into seven groups (for each group n=5): HC, diabetic control (DC),diabetic quercetin control (DQC), diabetic HIIT (DHT), diabetic MICT (DMT), DHT with quercetin (DQHT) and DMTwith quercetin (DQMT). The rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ)was administered to create a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eight weeks of HIIT and MICT with or withoutquercetin treatment were performed. Quercetin was used at 15 mg/kg, as a suspension in carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) at a concentration of 0.5%. One-way analysis of variance with LSD’s post-hoc test with a significant level ofP≤0.05 was used to analyze data. Just 8 weeks of HIIT and MICT protected the protein content of PI3K, AKT, and FOXO3 and caspase-8 (Casp-8) gene expression in heart tissues (P<0.05). Quercetin and both training protocols decreased blood glucose, whileimproving inflammatory markers and the lipid profile (P<0.05). Reduction in blood glucose along with improvements in the inflammatory markers and the lipid profile byquercetin injection may be a promising approach for the development of new antidiabetic medications. In addition, bothtraining protocols showed potentially successful diabetic cardiomyopathy treatments through modulating the FOXO3and PI3K/AKT pathways.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression resulted in increased intrarenal oxidative stress and increased inflammatory resulting in further renal fibrosis. Achatina fulica mucus was regarded to exerts anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect.

This study aims to observe the effect of administration of A. fulica mucus on oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in DKD-induced rats. Methods and Materials: In this study, we used 32 males white Wistar rats divided into four groups; a control, and other three different groups induced with 45 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ) and 110 mg/kg nicotinamide (NA) intra-peritoneally. Achatina fulica mucus was administered orally in the last groups; 3.5 mL/d (S1), and 7 mL/d (S2). Post-test measurement of inflammatory and oxidative biomarker was used to determine the outcome.

The study resulted in reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in A. fulica mucus administration in our STZ-NA induced rats, with higher dose of the mucus further reduce the inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers.

Current study showed the potential of A. fulica mucus usage in future management of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetes and DKD.

Angina Bullosa Hemorrhagica (ABH) is a rare condition characterized by hemorrhagic blisters and is often asymptomatic. These lesions appear more commonly in the oral cavity and oropharynx and are often misdiagnosed. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in clinically confirmed cases of ABH to study its epidemiology, etiology and presentation in a tertiary care hospital in Southern Asia.  Total of 8 patients of ABH were evaluated and included in the present study. All clinical data and track records were assessed by the medical records department. Cases were studied and results were interpreted. Total of 8 cases were enrolled with male-to-female ratio of 0.6:1 and middle age as the most common age of presentation. Buccal mucosa was the most common site involved with average lesion size of 1.6 cm. Masticating trauma was the most common etiological risk factor. Majority patients were asymptomatic with spontaneous resolution of lesions in all the cases.  Due to smaller number of studies reported, the lesions of ABH remained poorly understood with uncertain etiology. The knowledge of characteristic clinical features of the lesion and pattern of spontaneous healing is of utmost importance as a lesion of ABH can share some features with other serious disorders, thereby delaying the diagnosis. A thorough clinical history and examination of the lesion should always be done to establish an accurate diagnosis. Due to its completely benign nature, proper counseling of the patients must be ensured for better patient compliance.

Diabetes mellitus decreases reproductive and sexual function in men by causing oxidative stress in testis cells and decreasing antioxidant enzymes. Several recent studies have found the effects of Cornus mas and Galega officinalis extracts on improving spermatogenesis dysfunction caused by diabetes. This meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the impact of G. officinalis and C. mas extract on testicular oxidative stress indices and sperm parameters in diabetic laboratory animals compared to healthy animals.

A search using Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted on studies that investigated the effects of plant extracts of C. mas and G. officinalis on testicular tissue and sperm indices in diabetic animals. The first part included the investigation of malondialdehyde (MDA) (nmol/mg), rate of catalase antioxidant activity, and superoxide dismutase. In contrast, the results of the second part included total sperm count (×106 ), total sperm motility (%), and immobility. The mean difference (MD) (95% confidence interval [CI]) was selected to express the effect size.

Out of 154 identified articles, four studies on mice were included in the meta-analysis. The random effect size yielded an overall effect size for MDA (6.96) with a 95% confidence interval [-6.09; 20.00]. The random effect size yielded an overall effect size for SOD of -0.5076 with a 95% confidence interval [-0.62; -0.40]. The random effect size yielded an overall effect size for CAT of -1.68 with a 95% confidence interval [-1.88; -1.47]. Also, a significant decrease in total sperm count showed the random effect size yielded an overall effect size of -24.74 with a 95% confidence interval [-30.73; -18.74]. The random effect size yielded an overall effect size for sperm motility of -26.65 with a 95% confidence interval [-29.54; -23.76]. A significant increase was demonstrated in sperm immobile in diabetic animals compared to the control group. The random effect size yielded an overall effect size for this indicator is 6.5157 with a 95% confidence interval [-1.96; 14.99].

G. officinalis or C. mas extracts have reduced effects on MDA levels and tissue damage and increased antioxidant enzymes in laboratory animals with diabetes.

In recent years, anti-cancer and stem cell differentiation properties have been reported for some molybdenum derivatives such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Diabetes mellitus as a chronic metabolic disorder has symptoms such as insufficient insulin secretion or insulin dysfunction due to β cell destruction. Each of the current diabetes treatment methods has limitations. In the present research the effects of MoS2–PEG on survival rate, expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism, and insulin secretion in diabetic RIN-5F β cell was studied. Synthesized MoS2-PEG nanosheets was used for possible effects of MoS2 on RIN-5F cells induced by STZ (40 mM). MTT assay, RT-PCR, and hormonal analyses were used to investigate the anti-toxicity effect of MoS2 and its role in improving the function of diabetic RIN-5F cells. The results showed that MoS2 is biocompatible and non-toxic at the dose used in the present study and significantly increased the expression of GLUT4, GCK, and INS genes involved in glucose metabolism as well as anti- apoptotic gene BCL2 in the diabetic RIN-5F cells. Also, treatment with MoS2 increased insulin secretion in diabetic RIN-5F cells. It could be concluded that MoS2 –PEG represents a protective role in the diabetic cells and significantly improve the treatment of diabetic cells mouse model. These results demonstrate the increased expression genes involved in glucose metabolism in pancreatic damaged cells.

The global surge in diabetes presents a significant healthcare challenge. Viral infections complicate diabetes by influencing systemic metabolism and disrupting glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D). High glucose levels impair macrophage activity, raising the risk of chronic infections. Viral-induced type-I immune responses initiate insulin resistance, which affects muscle, liver, and pancreatic functions. Diabetogenic viruses impair pancreatic cells or affect gut microbiota. Viral survival tactics disrupt antigen presentation and use viral miRNAs to target diabetes-related gene expression. The hidden association between latent viruses, particularly herpesviruses like Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and diabetes is explored, emphasizing CMV's role in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. Inflammatory pathways triggered by viral infections play a critical role in islet-specific autoimmunity and the development of T1D. The HCMV’s pervasive reach, from local areas to the entire body, involves infected monocytes infiltrating organs, persisting in the bone marrow, and enabling virus spread during reactivation events. When a viral infection occurs, the immune system mounts a type 1 response characterized by the activation of CD4+ T-cells and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). These cytokines can lead to the recruitment of immune cells to pancreatic islets, resulting in inflammation and damage to insulin-producing beta cells. Furthermore, the chronic inflammation caused by sustained cytokine release can impair insulin signaling pathways. Specifically, pro-inflammatory cytokines interfere with insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, leading to decreased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue. This cascade of events ultimately contributes to the development of insulin resistance, setting the stage for T2D. This investigation highlights the complex relationship between viral infections and diabetes. Research indicates that viral infections can increase the risk of developing T2D.