جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "Iron" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The purpose of this study is to investigate the rate of allogeneic transfusion after the administration of intravenous iron in patients who are candidates for intertrochanteric fracture surgery.

Patients who were candidates for intertrochanteric surgery referred to the orthopedic surgery and trauma department of Shahada Tajrish Hospital were included in the study after providing full explanations and obtaining written consent. The 80 patients were randomly divided into control group (No: 40) and intervention (No: 40). Patients in the intervention group were prescribed 600 mg of Venofer drug by ViforCo. This is while patients in the control group were not injected with Venofer before surgery. The results were evaluated using t-test and SPSS21 software.

Based on the results, the 1 hour after surgery, three indicators of systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing rate, RBC showed a significant decrease in patients undergoing intervention (P<0.05). However, the oxygenation index showed a significant increase in the patients of this group (P>0.05). Meanwhile, in the period of 1 week after the surgery, we also see a significant decrease in the two indices of average hemoglobin and PTT time in the mentioned patients compared to the control subjects (P=0.030, P=0.037). The amount of blood consumed significantly lower in the patients of the intervention group than in the control group.

The administration of injectable iron in patients with intertrochanteric fracture surgery candidates can improve some of the patients' clinical indicators in addition to a significant reduction in allogeneic blood transfusion.

To identify the effect of Iron as a preventive and therapeutic agent on depression and other hematological indices by a systematic review and meta-analysis.

International databases like Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane,  International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Scopus were searched until 27 July 2024 to identify eligible articles with the appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).  The risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was used for precise assessment.  Heterogeneity was determined using Cochran’s Q-test and the I2 index. To assess source of heterogeneity, meta-regression was used. The pooled standardized mean difference (PSMD) was calculated by considering the random effects model.

of 2154 studies,14 studies were included in systematic review and 6 studies were excluded from analysis due to lack of data for calculating PSMD and finally, 8 studies were included in meta-analysis. Based on the results, iron therapy led to improvement in depression symptoms (PSMD = -0.18; 95% CI: -0.32 to -0.03). The iron therapy led to increasing the blood level of Iron (PSMD = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.95), Ferritin (PSMD = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.85), HCT (PSMD = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.61), MCV (SMD = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.18 to 1.15) and Transferrin saturation (PSMD:0.26; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.50). Based on the meta-regression result, the sample size, participant age, and publication year had no significant role in heterogeneity between studies.

The use of iron supplements in patients with depression can be considered. However, there is a need to conduct further studies involving various kinds of depression.

Considering the damage caused by heavy metal pollution, researchers and environmental health organizations have prioritized developing methods to remove heavy metal ions from polluted water. This study reviews existing literature on the use of agricultural waste, as well as the modification of agricultural waste with iron and iron oxides, for heavy metal removal.

The systematic review included a search for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2022 in English, with 50 articles being selected for inclusion. After removal of duplicates and screening for eligibility, thematic analysis was conducted to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of practical, economic methods for preparing and modifying agricultural waste for heavy metal removal.

A total of 50 articles were selected for inclusion, covering the preparation and modification of adsorbents from cellulose sources and agricultural waste. Thematic analysis revealed that agricultural waste is an environmentally friendly adsorbent with a high capacity for removing cadmium, lead, and arsenic from aqueous solutions. Moreover, modified adsorbents with iron and iron oxide nanoparticles demonstrated superior adsorption capacities compared to their unmodified counterparts.

This review highlights the potential of utilizing cellulose sources, particularly processed fruit waste, as a suitable material for preparing carbon-based adsorbents and modifying their surfaces with iron and iron oxide nanoparticles. Their abundance, adsorption capacity, low cost, and availability make them a promising solution for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

Iron homeostasis in the human body is precisely regulated, primarily through the action of proteins such as hepcidin, produced by the liver. Hepcidin plays a crucial role in controlling iron release by binding to ferroportin, the exporter of iron from cells into circulation. Under normal conditions, absorbed iron effectively binds to transferrin for transport to various tissues. However, individuals with blood disorders requiring frequent blood transfusions are susceptible to iron overload. This condition arises because the body’s mechanisms for iron excretion become overwhelmed, leading to chronic accumulation of excess iron. Additionally, dysregulation of iron-related proteins, such as ferritin and transferrin receptors, can further complicate this imbalance in iron homeostasis. This review focused on iron hemostasis and the pharmacological treatments available for managing iron overload, with a particular focus on Deferoxamine and Deferasirox. These medications aim to chelate excess iron, promoting its excretion and alleviating the detrimental effects associated with chronic iron accumulation. By understanding the pathways and proteins involved in iron regulation, as well as the available treatment options, better strategies can be developed to address the challenges faced by patients with iron overload due to frequent blood transfusions.

Anemia is considered as one of the risk factors affecting the outcomes after cardiac surgery. Accordingly, the improvement of iron deficiency anemia through injection or oral may be associated with the improvement of post-procedure results, especially the improvement of cardiovascular function. This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of iron treatment shortly before surgery in reducing the need for blood transfusion and improving myocardial performance parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction) in coronary bypass surgery patients. This study was a single-blind randomized clinical trial. In total, 60 candidates for coronary bypass surgery having iron deficiency anemia before the operation were randomly divided into two groups treated with injectable iron supplement (iron sucrose at a dose of 200 mg/200 ml of normal saline injected in 30 minutes) 48 to 72 hours before surgery or without therapeutic intervention. The patients were examined during and after the operation in terms of surgical outcomes. Treatment with injectable iron before surgery was associated with improvement in serum hemoglobin level after surgery and a significant reduction in the need for intraoperative and postoperative transfusions. Preoperative treatment of iron deficiency was associated with a reduction in the length of hospitalization of the patients after surgery.  Treatment of iron deficiency anemia within 48 to 72 hours before surgery will improve the condition of patients’ anemia and compensate serum hemoglobin, reduce the need for blood transfusion during surgery and the length of hospitalization of the patients after surgery.

The involvement of essential trace elements in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) has been suggested, although the available evidence is limited.

The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between serum selenium (Se), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) status with thyroid auto-antibodies and thyroid echogenicity in women with newly diagnosed HT.

A cohort of newly diagnosed female HTs (n = 56) and matched controls (n = 64) were recruited. Serum Se, Fe, Zn, and Cu were measured by furnace graphite atomic absorption spectrometry (FGAAS). Thyroid hormone profiles and thyroid autoantibodies were assessed via ELISA.

In HTs, mean serum Se, Fe, and Zn were significantly lower, while serum Cu was higher in HTs compared to controls (64.11 ± 20.75 vs. 92.3 ± 29.36 μg/L, 53.67 ± 14.09 vs. 70.38 ± 18.44 μg/dL, 64.38 ± 18.88 vs. 90.89 ± 29.99 μg/dL, and 101.18 ± 33.40 vs. 82.2 ± 26.82 μg/dL; all P < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum Se, Zn, and Cu with thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) levels (P < 0.001). While no significant correlation was observed between thyroid antibodies and serum Fe levels, logistic regression revealed associations between thyroid antibodies and serum Fe. Upon dividing serum Se and Zn into quartiles, there was a significant alteration in the levels of TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab, with a reduction in the levels of antibodies observed from the first quartile to the fourth quartile.

We conclude that Se, Fe, and Zn deficiency, coupled with increased Cu levels, are associated with elevated thyroid antibodies in the setting of Hashimoto Thyroiditis.

Iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent form of anemia, particularly among women. Diagnosing and tracking this condition typically requires various measurements of serum iron, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) through blood testing.

This study aims to evaluate the utility of saliva as a predictive marker for monitoring iron levels in iron deficiency anemia by comparing and correlating iron, ferritin, and TIBC levels in the serum and saliva of anemic and healthy women.

In this comparative analysis, 40 women aged 20 - 40 with a similar periodontal status (anemic subjects = 20 and healthy subjects = 20) were examined. After a complete hematological and oral examination, salivary samples were collected using the spitting method, and iron, ferritin, and TIBC levels were measured and compared to the serum levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.

The study results showed that the differences in saliva iron and ferritin levels were insignificant between the two groups (P-value = 0.07 and 0.26, respectively), but those were statistically significant in the serum (P-value = 0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). Additionally, a significant difference was found in the saliva TIBC level (P-value = 0.001), which was negligible in the serum (P-value = 0.118).

The results underscore the efficacy of integrating both serum and saliva analyses for comprehending iron-related parameters. While saliva analysis cannot entirely substitute for serum analysis, it represents a convenient approach that may serve as an initial step or be employed in large-scale anemia screenings.

Background &  Pregnant women need more nutritional intake than before pregnancy. If this nutritional intake is insufficient for the mother, it will result in Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). To determine if pregnant women are experiencing malnutrition or cannot be known by measuring the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Based on service regulations for pregnant women in Indonesia, the minimum number of Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) tablets pregnant women get is 120. Regarding this condition, a study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the amount of IFA consumption on MUAC and several other therapeutic outcomes.Materials &  This study used a cross-sectional method by examining the patient's medical records. Patients who received IFA as many as 120 tablets or more will become the exposure group. Data will be analyzed descriptively using chi-square. The MUAC size significantly differed at the end of pregnancy (P=0.01). However, overall, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The IFA administration generally gives good results, but the optimal number of IFA doses still needs further study.

Ferritin is an indicator of iron (Fe) storage in the body and plays the main role of cellular oxidation. It is hypothesized that Fe causes insulin resistance and then by reducing insulin secretion leads to type 2 diabetes. Considering the effects of exercise training in increasing insulin sensitivity, this study was designed the effect of various resistance (DR), endurance (DE), and combined (DER) activities on serum ferritin and Fe levels in diabetic rats.

Type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Nicotinamide solution (120 mg/kg) and Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). One week after the confirmation of diabetes, the training groups underwent DR, DE and DER exercises for 10 weeks. After completing the research protocol, blood sampling was done to measure serum ferritin and Fe levels.

Type 2 diabetes caused an adverse increase in blood glucose, insulin levels, increased HOMA-IR, Fe, serum ferritin and decreased HOMA-IS. Looking to improve glycemic indices after 10 weeks of DE, DR and DER training, we saw a decrease in serum Fe and ferritin levels, and DER training had a significant decrease in Fe compared to DR and DE training.

This study shows that serum iron and ferritin levels in diabetes are significantly increased and increased ferritin may be one of the reasons for insulin resistance in diabetes. Given the importance of iron and ferritin levels in insulin resistance, combined exercise with moderate intensity and time by reducing these biomarkers can reduce glycemic indices in diabetes.

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an inherited autosomal recessive iron metabolism disorder resulting from a C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. Mutations in the HFE gene may result in iron accumulation and oxidative stress in the retina, resulting in macular degeneration. This article describes two patients with HH who were treated with erythrocytapheresis or phlebotomy, with no exposure to deferoxamine or any other chelation therapy, and who developed visual symptoms.

Both patients had known diagnoses of HH. Because of visual symptoms, they were referred to the ophthalmology clinic and underwent a retinal exam, multimodal imaging, and electrodiagnostic studies, which revealed structural and functional degeneration of the central macula. Fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and fundus autofluorescence revealed changes at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the central macula. In addition, optical coherence tomography revealed subfoveal accumulation of hyperreflective material at and below the RPE. Multifocal electroretinography confirmed a decreased cone response, whereas the full-field electroretinogram was unremarkable. Genetic testing ruled out Best’s vitelliform macular dystrophy and the other known hereditary macular dystrophies. The patients had known diagnoses of HH, homozygous C282Y mutations in the HFE gene, and no comorbidities; thus, we presumed that HH led to the observed morphological and functional disorders of the RPE, which in turn caused structural macular changes in both patients.

Considering the macular findings and the nature of the patients’ primary illness, we believe that the accumulation of iron and photoreceptor metabolic products caused dysfunction in the RPE, which led to morphological and functional changes in the macula. Because the patients were not treated using chelating agents, we attribute the macular changes solely to iron accumulation and oxidative stress caused by the pathophysiological processes of HH. Further studies are needed to identify the plausible molecular or cellular insults underlying pseudovitelliform macular degeneration in patients with HH.

Certain trace elements, like cerium, have the potential to disrupt iron metabolism. This study explored the impact of cerium on intestinal iron absorption, focusing on the initial stage of iron metabolism. We employed the rat everted gut sac (EGS) segments to assess the interference caused by cerium. The primary objectives of this study were to examine the absorption of cerium in the intestines and to compare iron absorption in the presence and absence of cerium.

For the EGS experiment, segments of the rat's duodenum, ileum, or jejunum were promptly excised, cut into 5-6 cm segments, and rinsed with a physiological solution. These freshly prepared rat EGS segments were then incubated in Earle's medium containing iron (III) and/or cerium (III). We examined the impact of ascorbic acid, glucose, and different time intervals on the intestinal absorption of cerium and iron. Specifically, we investigated how glucose (5 mM) and ascorbic acid (2.8 mM) affected the absorption of cerium and iron at various concentrations (ranging from 0 to 200 mg/L). Additionally, we assessed the interfering effect of cerium on iron absorption.

The results indicated that the maximum intestinal absorption of Fe (III) and Ce (III) occurred at a concentration of 200 mg/L. Furthermore, it was observed that their uptake increased following the reduction by ascorbic acid. The absorption of these elements also rose in the presence of glucose, suggesting energy-dependent transport. Additionally, a consistent cerium concentration was found to decrease iron absorption by 24.3% (P ≤ 0.05).

Based on the results, cerium likely reduces iron uptake by competing with iron. Cerium can also disrupt iron metabolism and lead to iron-related metabolic disorders. However, further studies at the molecular and intracellular levels are needed to gain a better understanding of this mechanism.

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an essential role in endothelial repair and neovascularization. Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to EPC depletion and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, iron overload is closely related to the development of diabetes and its various chronic complications. This study was designed to determine the relationship between EPC markers (CD34, CD133), vitamin D, and iron in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

This case-control study was conducted on 67 diabetic patients with or without nephropathy. Blood pressure and all biochemical parameters were measured and compared. Serum concentrations of insulin, vitamin D, CD34, and CD133 were measured using ELISA. Serum iron concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry.

Body mass index (P= 0.006), diastolic pressure (P= 0.018), insulin level (P= 0.028), Creatinine (P= 0.013), duration of diabetes, uric acid, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were significantly different between the two groups (each P= 0.0001).The vitamin D (P= 0.034), CD34 (P= 0.0001), and CD133 (P= 0.025) levels decreased, and Iron (P= 0.0001) increased in the case group. Also, CD34 has a significant direct relationship with insulin, insulin resistance, and CD133. The results showed that vitamin D, iron, CD34, and CD133 had a significant relationship with the severity of nephropathy (P= 0.0001, each).

Increased iron levels and decreased vitamin D, CD34, and CD133 levels are associated with the severity of nephropathy. This result indicates that diabetic nephropathy may directly reduce CD34 and CD133 levels in the body, increasing the incidence of secondary complications in these patients.

 An association has already been hypothesized between iron, copper, and magnesium status assessed through food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, self-reported dietary assessment methods are prone to measurement errors. We studied the association between iron, copper, and magnesium status and ESCC risk, using hair samples as a long exposure biomarker.

 We designed a nested case-control study within the Golestan Cohort Study, that recruited about 50000 participants in 2004-2008, and collected biospecimens at baseline. We identified 96 incident cases of ESCC with available hair samples. They were age-matched with cancer-free controls from the cohort. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure iron, copper, and magnesium concentrations in hair samples. We used multiple logistic regression models to determine odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

 Median concentrations of iron, copper, and magnesium were 35.4, 19.3, and 41.7 ppm in cases and 25.8, 18.3, and 50.0 ppm in controls, respectively. Iron was significantly associated with the risk of ESCC in continuous analysis (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.03-1.92), but not in the tertiles analyses (ORT3 vs. T1=1.81, 95% CI=0.77-4.28). No associations were observed between copper and magnesium and ESCC risk, in either the tertiles models or the continuous estimate (copper: ORT3 vs. T1=2.56, 95% CI=1.00-6.54; magnesium: ORT3 vs. T1=0.75, 95% CI=0.32-1.78).

 Higher iron status may be related to a higher risk of ESCC in this population.

The present work seeks to ascertain immunological and biochemical characteristics in thalassemic individuals who have contracted giardiasis.
Materials &

This experimental study was conducted at the Thalassemia Center in Thi-Qar province, Iraq, in 2022. Fifty patients (21 males and 29 females) and 20 healthy controls were investigated. Of the patients’ group, twenty-five were thalassemic and had giardiasis. The other 14 patients were thalassemic and free of giardia infection, and the remaining 11 patients were non-thalassemic but had giardia infection. Five ml of venous blood from each participant was withdrawn to determine WBCs, neutrophil activity, and levels of IL-6, iron, ferritin, and transferrin.

The levels of interleukin-6 in the three patient groups (28.20, 23.29, and 30.94pg/ml) were considerably higher than those in healthy controls (16.09pg/ml). In patient groups, there was a notable rise in WBCs but a notable fall in neutrophil activity. Additionally, a substantial increase in iron and ferritin was found, although transferrin was lower in the patients than in the control group.

The thalassemia and giardia patients have greater iron and ferritin levels but much lower transferrin levels than the healthy individuals.

 Complex interplays happen in absorption and function of iron, zinc and copper. Both zinc deficiency and excess may lead to anemia. In Iran, commonly available supplements for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients contain 25 mg-zinc (Zn). This study compared 25 mg versus 7.5 mg dose of zinc in anemia of CKD patients, the latter dose approximates to recommended dietary intake (RDI) of zinc.

 In this double-blinded clinical trial, 51 non-dialysis CKD patients were randomized to continue previous formulation (25 mg-Zn group) or change to a new preparation (7.5 mg-Zn group) for three months. Blood counts and serum iron, zinc and copper status were compared between and within the groups.

 At the end of the study, serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations were significantly higher in 7.5 mg-Zn group compared with those in 25 mg-Zn arm (115.04± 23.05 vs. 102.48±14.98 µg/dL; P= 0.02 and 29.97±7.94 vs. 25.42±4.23 mg/dL; P= 0.01, respectively). Serum zinc levels did not differ between two groups (76.73±15.35 vs. 77.68±18.07 µg/dL for 7.5 mg-Zn and 25 mg-Zn groups, respectively; P= 0.84). After three months, patients in 7.5 mg-Zn group experienced increase in their Hb (11.11±1.17 vs. 10.72±1.03 g/dL; P= 0.04), HCT (35.28± 4.01 vs. 33.96± 3.74%; P= 0.03), MCV (86.30 (81.40-90.82) vs. 86.00 (80.35-88.77) ¦L; P= 0.01) and ferritin (202.60 (79.29-298.97) vs. 129.07 (42.25-225.87) ng/mL; P<0.001) compared to their baseline values.

 Reducing zinc content to its RDI value in supplement for CKD patients led to increased serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations. Moreover, patients who switched to RDI zinc-containing formula experienced a significant rise in blood hemoglobin. hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and ferritin concentration.

Leghemoglobin is an oxygen transporter and a hemoprotein found in nodule roots of nitrogen fixator plants from Leguminosae family. Leghemoglobin is produced in response to presence of bacteria belonging to Rhizobia family. Structurally, leghemoglobin is similar to hemoglobin and has a kind of heme iron structure.  Study of leghemoglobin as a heme iron containing agent can open up a new way for treatment and natural prevention of iron deficiency anemia and substitution with mineral iron salts.

Five different cultivars of alfalfa plants including Esfahani, Bammi, Yazdy, Nik shahri, and Hamedani were cultivated in gardening farm of the faculty of agriculture in Shahid Chamran University in a linear form. Cultivation was done with biological fertilizer containing Sinorhizobium meliloti for test groups and without fertilizer for sham groups. After 60 days, the samples were harvested, and the amount of leghemoglobin produced in nodules was quantified using LaRue and Child fluorometric method.

The results from five cultivars of alfalfa planted with biological fertilizer showed a significant increase in viscosity of leghemoglobin in nodules of the test group in comparison with sham group (P<0.0001). Moreover, the high viscosity of leghemoglobin in nodules of Bammi cultivar indicated the capacity of this plant to produce leghemoglobin in Ahvaz.

According to the findings of this study, Bammi cultivar of alfalfa is a good option for future studies and even production of high amounts of leghemoglobin in Khuzestan Province.

Medicago sativa (alfalfa) has a long history of traditional use. Several studies indicate that the ingestion of M. sativa reduces cholesterol absorption and atherosclerotic plaque formation in animals and has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of hemorrhage, as a tonic after blood loss and during anemia. Because of hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for heart diseases and anemia as a common problem in developing country, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of alfalfa extract on lipid profile and iron indices in healthy volounteers. 19 volunteers (all male) with an average age of 35 elected for a randomized double blind study. These volunteers divided into two groups for drug (9 males) and placebo (10 persons). The capsules 250 mg were taken three times a day for two months. Blood samples were collected at baseline, one month and two months after taking the capsules. Ferritin, TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity), Iron, CBC (Complete Blood Count), cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL were determined by laboratory testing standards. After two months in treated group, serum iron showed more increase and TIBC factor decreased more in comparison with control group and their LDL and triglyceride decreased and HDL increased but was not statistically significant. Alfalfa extract, with 750 mg/day can help decreasing LDL and triglyceride and increasing HDL, and maybe increasing serum iron as an adjunctive for hypercholetrolemia and anemia treatment.