جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "Neoplasms" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Among mesenchymal tumors arising in the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common. GISTs that do not have metastatic spread are treated surgically. Our case report aims to describe a newer & less invasive approach for resection of GISTs & early gastrointestinal tumors.

An Iranian woman 41 years old with stomach stromal tumor is presented. Her complaint was minor epigastric discomfort. Tumor en-bloc resection was performed using a hybrid endoscopic-laparoscopic approach. She was doing very well & discharged the day after the operation.

GISTs and early gastrointestinal tumors can be treated with hybrid endoscopic and laparoscopic en-bloc resections instead of invasive surgery.

Cancers are extremely dynamic diseases that can actively cause refractorines to be gained from applied therapies, which is why they are at the forefront of deaths worldwide. In this literature review,  we covered the most recent and important discoveries regarding the influence of human microbiota, including tumor bacteriome, on the development and treatment of cancer. Advances in research on microbial communities have enabled us to discover the role of the human microbiome in the development and course of this disease, helping us understand neoplasms better and design new potential therapies. As we show through our findings, by immunomodulation and the secretion of certain chemical substances, the correct bacteriome of the intestinal tract, respiratory system, or skin can protect humans against cancer development and help during the treatment process. Bacteria also reside inside tumors, forming part of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where they interact with immunological and cancer cells in many complex ways. Some bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Akkermansia muciniphila, can stimulate anticancer cell-mediated immune responses or even directly lead to cancer cell death. We also present the clinical possibilities of using some live, usually modified bacteria to develop bacteriotherapies. Modifying the gut microbiome to stimulate standard treatment is also important. Research on the microbiome and cancer remains a challenging topic in microbiology, having a great potential for advancements in cancer therapy in the future, and is continuously becoming a more and more popular field of research, as shown by our statistical analysis of PubMed data.

The workplace and the context in which oncology nurses work are unique due to the complex and dynamic nature of cancer care. Nurses who care for cancer patients are exposed to varying degrees of psychological pressure. The present study was conducted to explore oncology nurses’ perceptions regarding mental health in the workplace.

This study was conducted in 2018–2019. The participants were recruited through purposive sampling from eight educational specialty cancer treatment centers in Iran. Data were collected through individual semistructured interviews and analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis method. The Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used to document the report of the study.

The extracted concepts were classified into three main categories and 17 subcategories. The main categories included attention to nurses’ occupational stress‑provoking factors, attention to emotional/psychological responses in the workplace, and healthy mental atmosphere in the workplace.

The findings indicate that oncology nurses need to be supported to enhance their mental health in the workplace. The findings of this study could help policymakers and nurse managers to understand the importance of improving the mental health of nurses in cancer care. In this regard, it is essential to make the necessary plans and scientific decisions to design and provide strategies to alleviate workplace problems and improve nurses’ mental health.Keywords: Neoplasms, occupational health, oncology nursing, qualitative research

Considering the non-invasiveness, sensitivity, and specificity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), as well as its ability to diagnose prostate lesions in the early stages, this study aimed to determine the value of the MRS method compared to the standard method (pathology) for diagnosing prostate cancer.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 male patients. Individuals with indications for prostate biopsy were first subjected to a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and a finger examination. It should be noted that the negative or positive result of MRS, in terms of the imaging method used for the patients did not affect the biopsy. After evaluating the patients using the MRS method, the MRS and prostate biopsy results were assessed for each patient separately and compared with the pathological results of the biopsy. To determine the diagnostic value of the test, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated.

The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value of MRS in the left prostate region were calculated as 100%, 66.7%, 33.3%, and 100%, respectively. On the right side of the prostate, these values were 50%, 93%, 50%, and 93%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of MRS was 71.4% in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in the left area and 88.57% in the right area. On both sides, the test’s sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were 87.5%, 59.3%, 38.9%, and 94.1%, respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy of neoadjuvant systemic therapy was 65.7%.

MRS, as a non-invasive method, demonstrates optimal sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compared to other pathological and clinical methods.

This study aimed to investigate how COVID-19 affects patients with Gastric Cancer (GC) and what should be expected to happen in post-CVOID-19 era. A retrospective study of GC patients referring to Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in two parallel time periods of February 25th to December 25th of 2020 and the same period in 2019 was conducted.  Twenty-six patients during COVID-19 pandemic and 54 patients during pre-COVID-19 time were recruited. Mean age, gender, tumor location and T status distribution did not show statistically significant difference between study groups (all p-values >0.05). Regarding N status, distributions of N0, N1, N2 and N3 in pre-COVID group were as follows: 2(3%), 21(39%), 25(48%) and 6(10%). In COVID-19 period, group N0 was not reported and N1, N2 and N3 were 7(27%), 7(27%) and 13(46%), respectively (p-value <0.05). Among pre-COVID patients, 6(11%) patients had gross metastasis in Staging Laparoscopy (SL) and 10(18.5%) patients had positive malignant cytology. In COVID-19 group positive SL and positive cytology were found in 9(35%) and 11(42%) patients, respectively (all p-values <0.05). Health care systems should adopt reasonable approaches to cancer management, otherwise we might face the upcoming pandemic of locally advanced and metastatic cancers.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using plant extracts has gained significant attention for its eco-friendly approach and potential therapeutic applications. In this study, we present the green synthesis of AuNPs utilizing Stachytarpheta jamaicensis extract, exploring its potency for anticancer therapy. 

The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using various techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The anticancer potency of AuNPs was examined by MTT assay in the breast cancer (MCF7) cell line, along with gene expression analysis of two oncogenes, c-Myc (MYC) and Cyclin D1 (CCND1). 

The formation of AuNPs was proven by SEM with an average particle size of 60.3 nm. FTIR analysis elucidated the plant extract components responsible for the reduction and stabilization processes during AuNP synthesis, affirming the involvement of multiple compounds from S. jamaicensis extract. Cytotoxicity assessments in the MCF7 cell line demonstrated a substantial reduction in cell viability, yielding an IC50 value of 19.53 µg/mL. The downregulation of MYC and CCND1 following AuNP treatment hinted at a potential mechanism underpinning the observed decrease in cell viability. 

Our findings significantly contribute to the evolving body of evidence advocating for the use of green-synthesized AuNPs from S. jamaicensis extract as promising contenders in anticancer therapy. Emphasizing their potential in targeted cancer treatment strategies, this study underscores the importance of environmentally conscious approaches in nanomedicine development.

The present study aimed to investigate the association between rheumatic diseases and cancer in patients referred to two medical-training centers and private clinics over 10 years in Mashhad, Iran.  This study, which was retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional in nature, involved 1,036 rheumatic patients who were referred to Imam Reza and Ghaem Hospitals, as well as rheumatology clinics in Mashhad, Iran, between 2007 and 2018. For each patient, data was collected on demographics, laboratory results, type of rheumatic disease, duration of the disease, frequency of malignancy among rheumatic patients, type of malignancy, and the drug treatments administered up until the final diagnosis of malignancy. The study concluded with a comparison between rheumatic patients with malignancy and those without.  The incidence of malignancy was found to be higher in women (p=0.005) and in older age groups (p=0.005). Furthermore, patients with malignancy were observed to use biological drugs (p=0.001), Adalimumab (p=0.02), and Infliximab (p=0.01) less frequently. Upon examination of laboratory data, it was noted that the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was higher in cases of malignancy (p<0.005), while the serum hemoglobin level was lower in such cases (p=0.009). The study’s findings suggest a higher incidence of malignancy was observed in women and older age groups. Additionally, patients with malignancy were less likely to use biological drugs, including Adalimumab and Infliximab. These insights could potentially guide future research and therapeutic strategies in the management of rheumatic diseases.

Cancer is one of the common diseases in old age that imposes the burden of care on family caregivers, and by creating physical, psychological, and social problems for caregivers, it affects their healthy lifestyle.

This study aimed to determine the impact of the social support program on the health-promoting lifestyle of family caregivers of older adults with cancer.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 in Dezful-Iran. 58 eligible samples were selected consecutively and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received social support. Walker and Hill-Polerecky’s Health-Promoting Lifestyle tool was completed before and 6 weeks after the intervention in both groups. Data analysis was done using SPSS software v.16.

The overall score of the health-promoting lifestyle in the intervention (129.58 ± 15.21) and control (116.13 ± 24.62) groups had a statistically significant difference (P = 0.01). Also, after the intervention, the interpersonal relations subscale in the intervention (24.58 ± 3.00) and control (21.62 ± 5.41) groups and the health responsibility subscale in the intervention (26.68 ± 2.79) and control (5.37 ± 22.00) groups, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). However, this difference was insignificant in other subscales in the two groups after the intervention (P > 0.05).

Social Support Programs, in addition to enhancing the lifestyle of family caregivers, can also contribute to improving the quality of care for older adults. The findings of this study recommend sharing insights with nurses, formal and family caregivers of older adults with cancer, and health services policymakers to inform and guide the development of targeted interventions and support systems that can enhance the health-promoting lifestyle of family caregivers of older adults with cancer.

Understanding the epidemiology of Candida species among cancer patients is crucial for preventing invasive infections. This study aimed to identify Candida species and assess risk factors among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Birjand, eastern Iran.

The samples were obtained from the oral cavity of 140 patients and the initial identification of Candida species was carried out through fungal cultures. Subsequently, Candida isolates were molecularly identified using the PCR-RFLP method with the restriction enzyme Msp1. Furthermore, the demographic characteristics, risk factors, and clinical history of the patients were extracted and scrutinized using a multiple logistic regression model.

Among the 140 patients examined, 55 individuals (39.3%) tested positive for oral candidiasis (OC). Notably, Hemorrhagic cancer emerged as the most common type of cancer associated with OC (46.7%). The predominant species isolated was the Candida albicans complex (64.8%), followed by the Candida glabrata complex (26.8%). A noteworthy finding was the significant association between the occurrence of OC and the number of chemotherapy sessions (P<0.05). Conversely, no significant correlations were detected between OC and variables such as sex, age, type of cancer, occupation, residence, underlying disease, and drug use (P>0.05).

The prevalence of Candida spp. and its correlation with the number of chemotherapy sessions underscored the importance of preventive measures. These findings provided valuable insights for designing targeted interventions to mitigate the burden of oral candidiasis in this vulnerable population.

Nanoliposomes are spherical nano-sized capsules enclosed by lipid membranes, serving as a biocompatible vehicle to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents.The objective of this research is to prepare and characterize nanoliposome-encapsulated auraptene and compare its cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic effects to non-liposomal auraptene .

Liposomal auraptene was formulated using DSPC/ DSPG/ Cholesterol (molar ratio of 4:1:2) in combination with two different molar ratios of auraptene (0.1 and 0.05). The entrapment efficiency was evaluated using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Various parameters, including Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), zeta potential, stability, and release kinetics, were investigated. Subsequently, both liposomal and non-liposomal auraptene, along with bare liposomes, were applied to the MDA-MB-231 cell line for duration of 72 hours at 37°C at varying concentrations. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. Additionally, the study examined the anti-angiogenic effects on the vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos .

The entrapment efficiency of auraptene was found to be satisfactory at 50%. The liposome size ranged from 85 to 241 nm, with a Z-Average of 190.9 nm. The zeta potentials for all formulations were consistently around -55.7, and the Polydispersity Index (PDI) was less than 0.3 for all formulations. The release profile demonstrated approximately 80% drug release over a period of 130 hours. Notably, liposomal auraptene exhibited a significantly lower IC50 value (38.61 (95% Confidence Interval: 30.56 to 48.78)) compared to non-liposomal auraptene (50.36 (95% Confidence Interval: 43.58 to 58.19)) (p = 0.0240).

Moreover, the administration of 2.5 and 5 μM of liposomal auraptene led to a reduction in the vessels within the chorioallantoic membrane at the injection site when compared to the control group.In summary, the use of biodegradable nanoliposomal carriers improved the solubility, release profile, and stability of auraptene while demonstrating anticancer and anti-angiogenic properties.

Determining the incidence of lesions in communities, including salivary gland diseases, is an important pillar of epidemiological studies that affects the recognition of oral lesions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of salivary gland lesions referred to the pathology centers in Rasht City between 2016 and 2021.

This retrospective study is of a descriptive-analytical type, which was conducted using the records of 261 patients between 2016 and 2021, referring to the archived records at Rasht pathobiology laboratories. The required information, including the age and sex of the patients, histopathological diagnosis, and location of the lesions, was recorded and analyzed by SPSS 26 software using the incidence formula at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The highest incidence was observed for benign tumors (15.44 per 100,000 individuals), non-neoplastic salivary lesions (15.29 per 100,000 individuals), and malignant tumors (4.85 per 100,000 individuals), respectively. The highest frequency based on the location of secondary salivary glands was related to the palate region (48.4%), and based on the type of main gland, the parotid gland (63.5%). Pleomorphic adenoma and inflammatory lesions had the highest incidence.

Based on the results of the present study, the incidence of salivary gland neoplastic lesions has increased in the last 5 years. Pleomorphic adenoma and adenocystic carcinoma were the most common benign and malignant tumors reported in this study, respectively. These findings highlight the need for further studies on the causes of salivary gland neoplasms.

To explore the radiomics features of osteoporotic and malignant neoplastic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), and to analyze the application value of radiomics in differential diagnosis of osteoporotic and malignant neoplastic VCFs.

Fifty-one patients with VCFs caused by malignant tumors and forty-nine patients with osteoporosis-induced VCFs treated in the Xiaoshan Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Normal University from January 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively collected into a training set (70 cases) and a verification set (30 cases) according to a stratified random sampling design and a 7:3 ratio. The radiomics parameters of T2WI images of the diseased vertebral bodies were extracted, and the parameters with statistical differences were screened out by dimensionality reduction, so as to build a prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the differential diagnosis performance of radiomics for the etiology of vertebral fractures.

Eight radiomics features were obtained after dimensionality reduction using the LASSO algorithm. The constructed model was effective in differentiating osteoporotic and malignant neoplastic VCFs, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.95; while the AUC for the validation set was 0.84.

The radiomics features of T2WI images of vertebral fractures have high efficiency in the differential diagnosis of fracture etiology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are revolutionizing healthcare by enhancing the prediction of learning needs and enabling tailored educational interventions for patients and staff. This study explores the application of AI and ML models to predict learning needs from the patient's perspective.

Three ML models (Linear Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting) were trained on health literacy, demographic, and treatment data from 218 cancer patients at Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Center. Evaluation metrics included Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), R2 Score, and Area Under the Curve (AUC). Classification models (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Decision Tree, and Extra Trees) were assessed for accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC in categorizing learning needs.

Gradient Boosting had the best predictive performance (MAE:0.0534, RMSE: 0.0788, R²:0.9844, AUC:0.96), followed by Random Forest (AUC:0.93). Linear Regression was less effective (AUC: 0.85). Key predictors included literacy level in chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and treatment experiences, while demographic factors had minimal impact. For classification, Gradient Boosting and Decision Tree models achieved the highest accuracy (96.51%) and AUC (0.96). Random Forest showed 94.19% accuracy, while Extra Trees had 90.70%, indicating variability in model performance.

AI and ML, particularly Gradient Boosting, demonstrate strong potential in predicting and categorizing learning needs.

Gastric Cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer globally, with the second highest mortality rate. Given its significance, this study aims to ascertain and explore the 1-5-year survival rates of patients diagnosed with Gastric Cancer.

This descriptive analytical study examines data from patients diagnosed with Gastric Cancer in Sagheze city, Kurdistan province, spanning from 2010 to 2018. Data from 236 patients with confirmed Gastric Cancer diagnoses, including demographic information, date of diagnosis, tumor morphology, tumor site, and tumor stage, were collected from the Cancer Registry Center at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and the Digestion and Liver Research Center at Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj. The data were then analyzed using SPSS 22 software, employing survival analysis based on the Kaplan-Meier method, the Log-rank test statistic, and Cox regression.

Of the patients, 159 (67.4%) were male, with a mean age at diagnosis of 68.46±15.50 years. Tumor morphology varied, with 132 (55.9%) categorized as unspecified neoplasms, 39 (16.5%) as invasive types, 35 (14.8%) as adenocarcinomas, 22 (9.3%) as intestinal types, and 8 (3.4%) as diffuse types. Gender (p=0.190), tumor site (p=0.084), and tumor stage (p=0.739) showed no significant relationship with the 1-5-year survival rate. However, age at diagnosis (p>0.001) and tumor morphology (p>0.001) were found to influence survival rates, which were estimated at 43%, 40%, 39%, 39%, and 36% for years 1 to 5, respectively.

 Age at diagnosis, tumor site, tumor morphology, tumor differentiation, and treatment type emerge as crucial factors influencing disease prognosis and patient survival.

Given the significant occurrence of skin cancer in the Middle East and the existing research gap concerning its incidence and trends, this research aimed to study the epidemiology and trend changes of skin cancer in the Golestan province, Northeastern Iran.

The Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry’s (GPCR’s) data bank was utilized to gather information on confirmed skin cancer cases in the province during 2005–2018. We used Poisson regression analysis for comparing incidence rates between groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Of 1690 patients (mean age: 62.05±15.83 years), most were male (60.1%) and resided in urban areas (61.5%). The agestandardized rate (ASR) of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer was 8.49 and 0.56 per 100000 persons-year, respectively. A notably higher ASR for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) was observed in men (ASR: 10.60; 95% CI: 9.91-11.29) (P<0.01) and urban residents (ASR: 10.19; 95% CI: 9.52-10.82) (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the ASR of melanoma skin cancer based on gender (P=0.24) and place of residence (P=0.48). The incidence trend of melanoma (estimated annual percent change [EAPC]: -3.28; 95% CI: -18.54 to 14.83) and NMSC (EAPC: 0.39; 95% CI: -3.99 to 4.97) did not differ significantly.

During the 14-year study period, the ASR of both types of skin cancer exhibited a consistent pattern, except for NMSC, which showed higher rates among men and urban residents. This should be taken into consideration when formulating preventive and control strategies in the study area

The presence of nurses plays a crucial role in ensuring patient safety and delivering necessary nursing care. This study aimed to explore the process of nurses' presence at patients' beds in cancer wards.

Employing a grounded theory approach, this qualitative study was conducted in a cancer ward, involving 34 participants including nurses, patient companions, and hospital staff. Participants were purposefully selected for their involvement. Interactive interviews were conducted for data collection, and data analysis followed the approach proposed by Corbin and Strauss in 2015.

The data analysis revealed the core category of "Striving to be with the patient", which encompassed the following axial categories: "Challenges of accompanying patients with diverse needs" (Context), "Striving to be with the patient" (Process), "Motivational factors driving the desire to be with the patient"(Mediating facilitator), "Difficulties encountered in maintaining patient presence"(Mediating inhibitor), and "Mixed feelings of satisfaction and sorrow accompanying the presence" (Outcome).

Nurses in oncology wards demonstrate tremendous dedication as they strive to maintain a delicate equilibrium between their own emotional well-being and the diverse needs of their patients. This task can be highly demanding, but through the implementation of customized strategies and drawing inspiration from personal sources, these nurses effectively navigate the emotional challenges associated with patient care.

Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP)-targeted nanoparticles (NPs) are designed to accumulate in cancerous stroma. These NPs hold promise for imaging applications in cancer therapy.

This systematic review aimed to comprehensively explore the use of FAP-targeting NPs for cancer diagnosis through different imaging modalities.

This systematic review followed the framework proposed by O’Malley and Arksey. Peer-reviewed studies were searched in the Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Eligible studies were selected, and data were extracted to investigate the FAP-targeting NPs in imaging. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was also utilized to present the results.

Five studies met the specified inclusion criteria and were finally selected for analysis. The extracted data was classified into two categories: general and specific data. The general group indicated that most studies have been conducted in Mexico and have increased since 2022, and the specific group showed that colorectal cancer and Nude mice have received the most research attention. Furthermore, FAP-targeted NPs have demonstrated superior diagnostic imaging capabilities, even compared to specific methods for each cancer type. Also, they have been safe, with no toxicity. 

FAP-targeted NPs using different ligands, such as Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor (FAPI), can accurately detect tumors and metastases, and outperform specific cancer peptides like PSMA in cancer diagnosis. They are also non-toxic and do not cause radiation damage to tissues. Therefore, FAP-targeted NPs have the potential to serve as a viable alternative to FAP-targeted radionuclides for cancer diagnosis.

This literature review emphasizes the innovative role of ferroptosis in cancer treatment. Ferroptosis is a kind of deliberate cell death that is characterized by the generation of lipid peroxides and needs the presence of iron. Ferroptosis is a controlled cell death process that adheres to certain rules and regulations. The inhibition of System Xc- and the involvement of GPX4 are two of the primary areas of exploration that are engaged in the process of ferroptosis. This review explores the treatments that are used to treat ferroptosis in a range of malignancies, with a particular focus on breast carcinoma. Attention is paid to certain pathways, such as the FSP1-independent regulation of glutathione, involvement of cholesterol, and the prominin 2-MVB/exosome-ferritin pathway. Ferroptosis plays a key role in resistance to tumor therapy.