Prevention
در نشریات گروه پزشکی-
مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، سال شصت و هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 201، امرداد و شهریور 1404)، صص 222 -235
آموزش و آگاهی بخشی عمومی از خطرات حشرات و بند پایان می تواند باعث پیشگیری از بروز مشکلات و بیماری های منتقله توسط آن ها شود و به سیستم سلامت جامعه به خصوص در مناطق روستایی که تعداد افراد بی سواد و یا کم سواد در آن بیشتر است کمک کند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی روش های نوین (تاثیر آموزش از طریق شبکه های اجتماعی) بر میزان آگاهی از سلامت روستاییان (بی سواد و کم سواد) در نحوه مواجهه و پیشگیری با بیماری های منتقله توسط بند پایان (کنه، پشه، شپش، ساس، پشه خاکی وکک) در شهرستان بردسیر استان کرمان انجام پذیرفت. یافته های این پژوهش کمی و مداخله ای از نوع نیمه تجربی بوده و نظرات شرکت کنندگان نشانداد که استفاده از شبکه های اجتماعی در آموزش، روشی مفید و تفاوت آماری معنی داری (1/0) p value < قبل و بعد از آموزش بین دیدگاه های شرکت-کنندگان وجود دارد. همچنین میزان آگاهی از علائم و پیشگیری بیماری های منتقله توسط حشرات و بندپایان و آگاهی از سلامت افراد جامعه، قبل و بعد از آموزش تفاوت معنیداری را نشانداد. به علاوه نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد آموزش از طریق شبکه های اجتماعی بر افزایش میزان آگاهی روستاییان شهرستان بردسیر درباره شناخت حشرات و بندپایان و بیماری های منتقله توسط آن ها تاثیر مثبت داشته است و از نظر شرکت کنندگان استفاده از شبکه های اجتماعی در نحوه مواجهه با حشرات و بندپایان و بیماری های منتقله در عین اینکه بسیار ساده است مفید هم بوده و موجب افزایش سطح آگاهی بر سلامت و یادگیری عموم افراد شرکت کننده شده است. این نتایج بیانگر این است که شرکت کنندگان از برگزاری این دوره ها استقبال نموده و از تجربه حضور در آن رضایت داشته اند.
کلید واژگان: شبکه های اجتماعی، آگاهی، پیشگیری، نحوه مواجهه، بیماری های منتقله از طریق حشرات و بندپایانMedical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Volume:68 Issue: 3, May and Jun 2025, PP 222 -235Educational and public awareness about the dangers of insects and arthropods can help prevent the problems and diseases transmitted by them, particularly in the rural areas where the illiterate or less educated population is higher. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of novel methods (such as education through social networks) on the level of awareness among rural residents (illiterate and less educated) in dealing with and preventing diseases transmitted by arthropods (ticks, mosquitoes, lice, fleas, sand flies, and ticks) in Bardsir County, Kerman Province. The results of this quasi-experimental study indicated that the use of social networks in education is a useful method, and there is a statistically significant difference (p value < 0.01) between the perspectives of the participants before and after the education.
Moreover, the level of awareness of prevention of diseases transmitted by insects and arthropods, showed a significant difference before and after the training. Additionally, the results of this research indicated that education through social networks had a positive impact on increasing the awareness of rural residents in Bardsir County about the identification of insects, arthropods, and the diseases transmitted by them. According to the participants, the use of social networks in dealing with insects, arthropods, and the diseases they transmit was not only very convenient but also useful, leading to an increase in awareness levels among the participants. These results suggest that the participants welcomed these trainings and were satisfied with their experience.Keywords: Social Networks, Education, Awareness, Prevention, Diseases Transmitted Through Insects, Arthropods -
مقدمه
در دنیای امروز، با توجه به افزایش هزینه های درمانی و چالش های مرتبط با بیماری های مزمن و اپیدمی ها، نیاز به بازنگری در سیستم آموزش علوم پزشکی امری ضروری است. در این میان، رویکردهای آموزشی مبتنی بر مراقبت های پیشگیرانه می توانند نقشی کلیدی در کاهش بار مالی نظام بهداشت و درمان و بهبود سلامت عمومی داشته باشند.
کلید واژگان: آموزش علوم پزشکی، مراقبت های پیشگیرانه، کاهش هزینه های درمانی، سلامت عمومی، پیشگیریJournal of Shaeed Sdoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Volume:33 Issue: 4, Jul 2025, PP 8881 -8884IntroductionIn the present era, considering the rising expenses of healthcare and the difficulties associated with chronic diseases and epidemics, it is essential to evaluate the medical education system. Meanwhile, educational approaches based on preventive care can significantly help lower the financial burden on the healthcare system and enhance public health.
Keywords: Medical Education, Preventive Care, Reducing Healthcare Costs, Public Health, Prevention -
مقدمه
کارآفرینان اجتماعی نقش کلیدی در تغییر و بهبود جامعه ایفا می کنند. با در نظر گرفتن اهمیت کارآفرینی اجتماعی در ارتقای سلامت، این پژوهش به بررسی عناصر و عوامل تاثیرگذار کارآفرینی اجتماعی در پیشگیری از بیماری های غیرواگیر در ایران پرداخته است.
روش بررسیاین پژوهش یک مطالعه کیفی است با روش پدیدارشناسی تفسیری انجام شد. معیارهای انتخاب شامل فعالان بخش سلامت، کار آفرینان اجتماعی، مسوولین وزارت بهداشت در حوزه بیماری های غیرواگیر و سازمان های مردم نهاد بودند. نمونه گیری تا رسیدن به اشباع (15 نفر) ادامه یافت. گردآوری داده ها با استفاده از مصاحبه های عمیق و بر اساس روش دیکلمن و آلن، تحلیل گردید. فرایند تحلیل از طریق نرم افزار اطلس تی آی ورژن 9 انجام گردید.
نتایجتعداد 358 کد اولیه از مصاحبه ها استخراج و در قالب 19 مقوله و نهایتا 4 مضمون طبقه بندی گردید. مضمون ارزش آفرینی اجتماعی شامل آموزش و توانمند سازی بیماران؛ حفاظت مالی از بیماران و حمایت طلبی از نیازهای درمانی بود. مضمون فرصت های اجتماعی شامل پرکردن خلاهای دولتی و محرومیت زایی؛ الگوی کارآفرینی اجتماعی و مطالبه گری و درک نیازهای بیماران بود. مضمون منابع و جذب سرمایه از سه مقوله جذب و تولید منابع؛ کسب انتفاع و سود آوری مالی و تامین مالی و سرمایه گذاری تشکیل شد. نقش افراد شامل آموزش همتایان در پیشگیری، آموزش حرفه ای به ارائه دهندگان خدمات سلامت، توانمند سازی و ظرفیت سازی سمن ها، جهت دهی و هدایت بیماران بود و مضمون توسعه زیست بوم کارآفرینی سلامت شامل همکاری و هماهنگی بین بخشی، آموزش و ارتقاء سواد سلامت، بین المللی سازی اقدامات و استانداردها، حرفه ای گرایی در پیشگیری، شکل گیری مراکز درمانی تخصصی، نظارت و پایش در بیماری های غیرواگیر بوده است.
نتیجه گیریچشم انداز فعلی در سازمان های مراقبت های بهداشتی با ورود کارآفرینان نوآور و دیگر بازیگران در زنجیره ارزش با بهره گیری از فناوری های دیجیتال، اینترنت اشیا و مدل های کسب وکار نوآورانه تغییر می نماید.
کلید واژگان: بیماری های غیرواگیر، کارآفرینی اجتماعی، پیشگیریJournal of Shaeed Sdoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Volume:33 Issue: 4, Jul 2025, PP 8933 -8945IntroductionSocial entrepreneurs play a key role in changing and improving society.This research aimed to examine the elements and influencing factors of social entrepreneurship in the prevention of non-communicable diseases in Iran.
MethodsThis research was qualitative and employed the interpretive phenomenological method. The selection criteria included health sector activists, social entrepreneurs, officials of the Ministry of Health in the field of NCDs, non-governmental organizations. Sampling continued until saturation (15 person) was reached. Data were collected through using detailed interviews and analyzed using interpretive phenomenology and Dickelman and Allen method.
ResultsFrom the interviews, 358 initial codes were derived; it was classified into 19 main categories and concluded with 4 themes. The theme of generating social value encompassed educating and empowering patients; it involved safeguarding patients financially and seeking support for medical needs. The theme of social opportunities included filling government gaps and creating deprivation; it served as a model for social entrepreneurship while recognizing and meeting patients’ needs. The materials related to resources and capital acquisition from the three categories of resource attraction and production; gaining profit and financial profitability and financing and investment were formed. The responsibilities of individuals encompassed training their peers in prevention, providing professional development for health service providers, empowering and enhancing the skills of health workers, orienting and advising patients, and the aspect of developing a health entrepreneurship ecosystem involved collaboration and coordination among departments, promoting and educating about health literacy, internationalizing measures and standards, ensuring professionalism in prevention, establishing specialized treatment centers, and overseeing monitoring for non-communicable diseases.
ConclusionThe current landscape in healthcare organizations will change with the entry of innovative entrepreneurs and other innovative actors in the value chain, who will use the power of digital technologies, internet of things and innovative business models to achieve ever-increasing growth.
Keywords: Non-Communicable Diseases, Social Entrepreneurship, Prevention -
مقدمه
سلامت انسان ارتباطی پیچیده با عوامل داخلی و خارجی دارد، و میکروبیوم روده به عنوان یکی از عوامل کلیدی در تنظیم سلامت انسان در مرکز تحقیقات علوم زیستی قرار گرفته است. در این راستا، شناخت عمیق تر از نقش میکروبیوم روده در پیشگیری و درمان بیماری های مزمن می تواند راه گشای رویکردهای درمانی نوینی باشد.
کلید واژگان: میکروبیوم روده، بیماری های مزمن، پروبیوتیک، پیوند میکروبیوم، پیشگیری و درمانJournal of Shaeed Sdoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Volume:33 Issue: 3, Jun 2025, PP 8757 -8760IntroductionHuman health is closely connected to both internal and external factors, and the gut microbiome, as one of the key factors regulating human health, has become a focus of life science research. In this regard, a deeper understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases might pave the way for new therapeutic approaches.
Keywords: Gut Microbiome, Chronic Diseases, Probiotics, Microbiome Transplantation, Prevention, Treatment -
Background
The mortality rate of breast cancer has increased in women who are referred late in the advanced stages of their disease, while morbidity and mortality from cancer can be reduced through prevention programs, such as self‑care behaviors and early detection. Therefore, more attention should be paid to primary prevention, self‑care, and the role of women in breast cancer prevention. The aim of this study was to describe women’s experiences of self‑care in breast cancer prevention.
Materials and MethodsIn this descriptive‑exploratory qualitative study, 38 participants, including 23 women who were eligible for breast cancer screening, eight service providers, and seven health policymakers, were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi‑structured interviews and analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. To assess data trustworthiness, Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used.
ResultsThe results of this study are summarized in one theme, three categories, and eight subcategories. The theme extracted from the data analysis was “the agency of women in self‑care in breast cancer prevention,” which included three main categories: women’s understanding of the concept of self‑care in breast health, subjective challenges in breast cancer prevention, and active management and follow‑up of breast health status.
ConclusionsThis study provided a new understanding of the experience regarding women’s self‑care in breast cancer prevention. The experiences were in a wide range demanding comprehensive attention. Healthcare authorities/providers can use the findings of this study to develop strategies to support women regarding preventive self‑care for breast cancer.
Keywords: Breast Neoplasms, Iran, Prevention, Control, Qualitative Research, Self‑Care -
Objectives
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) involves the peripheral nervous system developed by infections or immune conditions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and electrodiagnostic tests are essential diagnostic methods for GBS. However, limited data are available on how the findings from these methods relate to each other. This study aimed to evaluate changes in CSF analysis and electrodiagnostic tests in pediatrics with GBS.
Materials & MethodsThe present study retrospectively evaluated electrodiagnostic tests and CSF changes in pediatrics with GBS who were admitted to Tabriz Hospital, Iran, from 2010 to 2020 due to CBS. Patients’ data, including age, gender, CSF analysis, and electrodiagnostic test results, were recorded from the patients’ files. Electrodiagnostic data included pace and amplitude of tibial, median, peroneal, sural, ulnar nerves, nerve conduction velocity (NCV), F-wave, and motor unit action potential (MUAP). The significance level was considered less than 0.05.
ResultsThe mean age of patients was 4.83±2.72 years, and 54.6% were boys. The most common type of GBS involvement was demyelinating type. No gender differences were found between involved nerves unless the ulnar nerve was significantly more involved in girls (P-value: 0.012). The obtained findings indicated no significant relationship between electrodiagnostic tests and CSF protein (P-value: 0.439).
ConclusionNo association was observed between electrodiagnostic results and CSF changes in pediatrics with GBS.
Keywords: Migraine, Children, Prevention, Sleep Disorder, Melatonin -
سابقه و هدف
تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه-کنگو (CCHF) یک بیماری ویروسی حاد است که توسط ویروس جنس نایروویروس ایجاد و عمدتا از طریق گزش کنه های آلوده به انسان منتقل می شود. بیماری به دلیل نرخ بالای مرگ ومیر و شیوع در مناطق مختلف جهان، به ویژه در ایران، نیازمند بررسی دقیق تری است. این مطالعه یک مرور روایتی است که داده های مورد نیاز آن از طریق جستجو در موتورهای جستجوی Google Scholar، پایگاه های علمی بین المللی Web of Science، ScienceDirect، Scopus و Pubmed و داخلی شامل پایگاه اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی (SID)، بانک اطلاعات نشریات کشور (Magiran) و مرجع دانش (Civilica) با استفاده از کلمات فارسی، تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه-کنگو، نایروویروس، شیوع، اپیدمیولوژی، ناقلین، کنه، کنترل، ایران و معادل های انگلیسی آن ها به صورت جستجوی انفرادی و پیشرفته ترکیبی از 1348 تا 1403 گردآوری شد. بررسی ها نشان می دهد شیوع CCHF در ایران در سال های اخیر افزایش یافته و موارد ابتلا از تمامی 31 استان کشور گزارش شده است. استان های سیستان و بلوچستان و خراسان رضوی بیش ترین موارد ابتلا را دارند. این بیماری در فصول گرم سال، به ویژه از اواسط بهار تا تابستان، همزمان با فعالیت کنه ها، بیش ترین شیوع را دارد و به دلیل شرایط شغلی، بیش تر در مردان مشاهده می شود. افرادی مانند قصابان، دامداران و کسانی که به هر نحوی با دام و فرآورده های دامی یا بیماران مبتلا سروکار دارند، مخصوصا در مناطق روستایی، در معرض خطر بالای ابتلا به بیماری قرار دارند. از 37 گونه کنه در ایران، 11 گونه آلوده به ویروس CCHF هستند. بیش ترین تعداد گونه های کنه آلوده به ویروس در استان همدان گزارش شده است. هیالوما مارژیناتوم و هیالوما آناتولیکوم به عنوان ناقلین اصلی CCHF شناخته می شوند. با توجه به وضعیت کنونی بیماری در ایران و تاثیر عوامل محیطی و اجتماعی در سال های اخیر، ایجاد برنامه های جامع و همه جانبه در زمینه پیشگیری، آموزش و آگاهی رسانی برای کاهش شیوع و کنترل این بیماری از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است.
کلید واژگان: تب خونریزی دهنده کریمه-کنگو، کنه، پیشگیری و کنترل، اپیدمیولوژی، ایرانBackground and purposeCrimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an acute viral disease caused by a virus of the genus Nairovirus, transmitted primarily through the bites of infected ticks. Due to its high mortality rate and prevalence in various regions worldwide, particularly in Iran, different aspects of the disease warrant more detailed investigation. In this narrative review, data collection was performed through comprehensive searches of scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, as well as Persian databases such as the Scientific Information Database (SID), the National Journals Database (Magiran), and Civilica. The search employed both Persian and English keywords, including “Crimean-Congo fever,” “Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever,” “Nairoviruses,” “Prevalence,” “Epidemiology,” “Distribution,” “Vectors,” “Tick,” “Control,” and “Iran,” using both individual and advanced combined search strategies, covering the period from 1969 to December 2024. The findings indicate that the incidence of CCHF in Iran has risen in recent years, with cases reported from all 31 provinces. Sistan and Baluchestan and Khorasan Razavi Provinces have reported the highest number of cases. The disease shows peak prevalence during the warm seasons, particularly from mid-spring to mid-summer, coinciding with heightened tick activity, and is more frequently observed in men due to occupational exposure. Individuals such as butchers, livestock farmers, and those who handle livestock or infected patients are at high risk, especially in rural areas. Among the 37 tick species identified in Iran, 11 are infected with the CCHF virus. The highest number of CCHF-infected tick species has been reported in Hamedan Province. Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma anatolicum have been documented as the primary vectors of CCHF.Given the current status of CCHF in Iran and the influence of environmental and social factors in recent years, the establishment of comprehensive programs focusing on prevention, education, and public awareness is crucial to reducing the prevalence and controlling the spread of this disease.
Keywords: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Tick, Prevention, Control, Epidemiology, Iran -
مقدمه
همه ساله با آغاز سفرهای تابستانی به سواحل گیلان، مرگ ومیر ناشی از غرق شدگی در دریا و شناگاهای تفریحی موجب ایجاد خسارات جبران ناپذیری می گردد. در خرداد ماه سال1402جمعیت هلال احمر استان گیلان برنامه آموزش محور مراقبت ساحلی را با هدف کاهش میزان مرگ و میر درسوانح دریایی، به مرحله اجرا در آورد. لذا پژوهش حاضر، با هدف بررسی میزان اثربخشی برنامه آموزش محور مراقبت ساحلی گیلان، انجام گرفته است.
روشاین پژوهش مشاهده ای از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی و داده ها از طریق توزیع پرسشنامه "محقق ساخته" با 45 گویه در مقیاس لیکرت 5 گزینه ای و مرتبط با اثربخشی برنامه مراقبت ساحلی در کاهش حوادث ساحلی، جمع آوری گردیده است. قابلیت اعتماد Reliability پرسشنامه با ضریب (0.7) آلفای کرونباخ تایید و روائی پرسشنامه توسط 12نفر از پاسخگویان خارج از نمونه مورد مطالعه بررسی و قابل قبول اعلام گردید. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل: عوامل نظارتی، نجاتگران، ناجیان غریق، مراقبین ساحلی، مربیان آموزش میدانی، امدادگران و نجاتگران و اعضای جوان جمعیت هلال احمر استان گیلان (450=N) است. تعیین حجم نمونه پژوهش، با استفاده از جدول کرجسی مورگان، 207 نفر (207=n) محاسبه شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزار(SPSS.27.1) استفاده شد.
یافته هابا بررسی ویژگی های جمعیت شناسی افراد مورد مطالعه مشخص شد، بیشترین فراوانی مربوط به گروه سنی 30 تا 44 سال با 89 نفر (43.0درصد) است. 123 نفر (59.4درصد) از پاسخگویان مرد هستند. تحصیلات کاردانی و کارشناسی هر کدام با 59 نفر (28.5درصد) بیشترین فراوانی را دارد. 45 گویه مندرج در پرسشنامه، به شش بخش دموگرافیک (5گویه)، مهارت خود امدادی (8گویه)، آگاهی از اطلاعات سواحل(8گویه)، آگاهی از خطرات ساحلی (8گویه)، مهارت کاربرد تجهیزات شناوری (8گویه) و تجربیات ساحلی (8گویه) دسته بندی شدند. 12سوال با بیشترین میانگین پاسخ به عنوان عوامل موثر برنامه آموزش محور معرفی شدند. همبستگی بین انتخاب محل ایمن برای شنا توسط گردشگران معنی دار براورد شد (P<0.05).
نتیجه گیرینتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد اجرای موفق طرح سالمسازی دریا با رویکرد پیشگیری از وقوع حوادث منجر به غرق شدگی و انتخاب محل امن شنا، ابتدا به توسعه برنامه آموزش محور مراقبت ساحلی از جمله آموزش چهره به چهره و بعد به تامین سلامت نوار ساحلی وابسته است.
کلید واژگان: مراقبت ساحلی، پیشگیری، آگاهی بخشی، آموزش میدانیINTRODUCTIONDeaths from drowning at sea and recreational diving annually cause irreparable damage with the start of summer trips to the coasts of Gilan. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the coastal care education-based program.
METHODSIn this descriptive-analytical study, data were collected with a 45-item researcher-made questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale. The reliability and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha (0.7) and by 12 specialists. The statistical population (N=450) includes supervisory agents, rescuers, lifeguards, coastal guards, field training instructors, relief workers, and young members of the Red Crescent Society of Gilan province. Finally, 207 people selected and studied using Morgan table. Data analyzed using SPSS-27 software.
FINDINGSAccording to the findings, the age group of 30 to 44 years has the highest frequency with 89 people (43.0%), a total of 123 respondents (59.4%) were male and associate and bachelor's degrees each have the highest frequency with 59 people (28.5%). The 45-items questionnaire were categorized into six sections including demographics (5 items), self-help skills (8 items), knowledge of coastal information (8 items), knowledge of coastal hazards (8 items), skills in using buoyancy equipment (8 items), and coastal experiences (8 items). About 12 questions with the highest mean responses were identified as effective factors of the education-based program. The correlation between the selection of safe places for swimming by tourists was estimated to be significant (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONThe results of the study showed that the successful implementation of the sea sanitation plan with the approach of preventing drowning incidents and selecting safe swimming locations depends on the development of a coastal care education program, including face-to-face education, and then on ensuring the health of the coastal strip.
Keywords: Coastal Care, Prevention, Awareness, Field Training, Red Crescent Society -
Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery, Volume:22 Issue: 1, Spring 2025, PP 43 -48Background
While intravenous injections are essential in life-saving situations, their routine use can lead to various complications, particularly phlebitis, which negatively impacts patients' physical and psychological health. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of topical aloe vera gel compared to 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in preventing phlebitis associated with peripheral venous catheters.
MethodsThis three-arm randomized controlled trial, executed in 2024 at a university-affiliated hospital situated in southern Iran, enrolled 90 hospitalized individuals receiving intravenous therapy. The study employed convenience sampling for participant recruitment, followed by permuted block randomization with a block size of six to allocate participants into three distinct groups, each comprising 30 patients. Aa (aloe vera group): Disinfection with 70% alcohol, and the catheter fixation with an adhesive dressing impregnated with aloe vera gel; Bb (chlorhexidine group): Disinfection with 70% alcohol and chlorhexidine, followed by fixation with a chlorhexidine-impregnated adhesive dressing; and C (control group): Disinfection with 70% alcohol and standard adhesive dressing. The catheter insertion site was systematically evaluated for the incidence of phlebitis using a standardized phlebitis checklist at discrete time points: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours post-sampling. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed employing SPSS version 25 statistical software. A significance threshold of α = 0.05 was adopted for all statistical tests, which included Chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
ResultsAt 72 hours post-intervention, the incidence of phlebitis demonstrated a statistically significant disparity between the groups (p = 0.005). Conversely, no significant intergroup differences were evident in the manifestation of phlebitis symptoms at the 12-hour (p = 0.999), 24-hour (p = 0.493), 36-hour (p = 0.493), 48-hour (p = 0.186), and 60-hour (p = 0.064) time points after the intervention. Specifically, out of 30 participants in the aloe vera group, 12 (40%) remained asymptomatic for phlebitis—defined by the absence of redness, edema, pain, and vein induration—up to the 72-hour assessment. In comparison, the chlorhexidine group exhibited 5 (16.7%) patients, while the control group presented with only 2 (6.7%) patients who did not display phlebitis symptoms during this period.
ConclusionBased on the observed outcomes, nurses may consider using aloe vera gel to reduce phlebitis in patients requiring catheterization for more than 48 hours, due to its anti-inflammatory properties and non-pharmacological benefits. However, this recommendation should be approached cautiously, pending further rigorous research to validate these initial findings and develop standardized guidelines. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects of aloe vera gel, compare its effectiveness with other interventions, and assess patient outcomes in various clinical settings to better understand its role in preventing phlebitis.
Keywords: Aloe Vera Gel, Chlorhexidine, Phlebitis, Intravenous Catheter, Prevention -
موضوع روز جهانی بهداشت امسال فرصتی را فراهم می کند تا اهمیت حیاتی 1,000 روز اول زندگی بیشتر مورد توجه قرار گیرد. از 1,000 روز اول زندگی، یعنی از زمان لقاح تا پایان دو سالگی کودک، به عنوان اولین و مهمترین دانشگاه برای هر فرد یاد می شود. مادر باردار و شیرخوار در این دوران نیازمند مراقبت جسمی، تغذیه ای و عاطفی است. بذر بسیاری از بیماری های غیرواگیر از جمله بیماری های قلبی عروقی، ناباروری و اوتیسم در این دوران کاشته می شود. آسیب های اجتماعی از جمله اعتیاد به الکل، خودکشی و طلاق نیز از این قاعده مستثنی نیستند. کشورهای متفاوت دنیا در زمیته آگاهی رسانی به مردم پیرامون این دوره طلایی و بی بازگشت فعالیت می نمایند. ضروری است در کشور ما نیز عموم مردم، ارائه دهندگان خدمات بهداشتی و سیاست گذاران به اهمیت و حساسیت این دوره حیاتی پی ببرند. افزایش آگاهی در این زمینه می تواند به بهبود مراقبت های بهداشتی پیش از بارداری، مراقبت های دوران بارداری و مراقبت های پرورشی در دوران کودکی منجر شود. با اولویت دادن به این مراحل است که می توانیم مسیری برای آینده ای روشن تر برای نسل های بعدی هموار کنیم.
کلید واژگان: تکامل اوان کودکی، شیرخوار، نوزاد، بارداری، پیشگیریThis year’s World Health Day theme provides an opportunity to further highlight the critical importance of the first 1,000 days of life. The first 1,000 days of life, from pregnancy through a child's second birthday, is considered the first and most important university for every individual. During this period, pregnant mothers and infants require physical, nutritional, and emotional care. The seeds of many non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, infertility, and autism, are sown during this critical time. Social problems, such as alcohol addiction, suicide, and divorce, are also not exempt from this rule. Various countries worldwide are actively raising public awareness about this golden and irreversible period. In Iran, the general public, healthcare providers, and policymakers must also recognize the importance and sensitivity of this vital period. Increased awareness can lead to improved preconception health care, prenatal care, and nurturing care during early childhood. By prioritizing these stages, we pave the way for a brighter future for the next generation.
Keywords: Early Child Development, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Prevention -
کم خونی پس از جراحی چاقی (گاسترکتومی اسلیو و بای پاس معده) و راهکارهای پیشگیری و درمان: چکیده سیاستیمجله غدد درون ریز و متابولیسم ایران، سال بیست و ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 133، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1403)، ص 7
کم خونی پس از جراحی چاقی، به ویژه در روش های گاسترکتومی اسلیو و بای پس معده، یکی از عوارض شایع و مهم است که به دلیل تغییرات فیزیولوژیک و آناتومیک ناشی از این جراحی ها رخ می دهد. شیوع کمبود آهن و کم خونی در بیماران پس از این اعمال جراحی؛ به ترتیب 6 و 12 برابر بیشتر از جمعیت عادی است. این مقاله به بررسی وضعیت کم خونی پس از جراحی چاقی در ایران و چالش های مرتبط با آن می پردازد. همچنین، پیشگیری و درمان کم خونی، شامل توصیه های مصرف مکمل های آهن و پیگیری های لازم، مورد بحث قرار می گیرد.
نتیجه گیریارائه آموزش و آگاهی های لازم به متقاضیان، در زمینه لزوم رعایت برنامه غذایی، مصرف مکمل و پیگیری های پزشکی، پیش از جراحی ضروری است. همچنین لازم است سیاست گذاران بهداشت و درمان با در نظر داشتن مشکلات اقتصادی و معیشتی رایج در کشور، تمهیداتی جهت تحت پوشش بیمه قرار گرفتن اقلام دارویی و مکمل های مورد نیاز این افراد بیاندیشند.
کلید واژگان: چکیده سیاستی، جراحی چاقی، کم خونی، کمبود آهن، کمبودهای تغذیه ای، راهکارهای پیشگیری و درمانAnemia after bariatric surgery, particularly in sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass procedures, is a common and significant complication that arises due to the physiological and anatomical changes resulting from these surgeries. The prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia in patients post-surgery is 6 and 12 times higher than in the normal population, respectively. This article examines the status of anemia following bariatric surgery in Iran and the associated challenges. Additionally, it discusses the prevention and treatment of anemia, including recommendations for iron supplementation and necessary follow-ups.
ConclusionProviding education and awareness to candidates regarding the importance of adhering to dietary plans, taking supplements, and medical follow-ups prior to surgery is essential. Furthermore, health policymakers need to consider the prevalent economic issues in the country and devise measures to ensure that necessary medications and supplements for these individuals are covered by insurance.
Keywords: Policy Brief, Bariatric Surgery, Anemia, Iron Deficiency, Nutritional Deficiencies, Prevention, Treatment -
Background
Anemia is a significant public health problem worldwide in rich and poor countries. Anemia among teenagers can be seriously almost entirely caused by a lack of substance iron, which is closely related to the level of severity of anemia. The most visible effect of anemia is a decline in achievement studying in school. This article briefly introduces anemia, etiology, pathophysiology, impact, and preventive measures.
MethodsMajor databases, including Scopus, Pubmed, Proquest, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, were researched to obtain articles related to anemia in adolescent girls. The keywords used in the literature search were “ anemia and teenage girls "and " anemia prevention. " The time frame of the articles obtained ranged from 2012 to 2023.
ResultsEnhancement observed prevalence during several final years will cause prevalence to exceed the agreed target level. The most visible impact of anemia is a decline in achievement studying in school. Not only that, teenage women who suffer from anemia are at risk of experiencing anemia during pregnancy, which can hurt the growth and development of the fetus in Content. Apart from that, there is the potential to experience complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
ConclusionIdentifying and understanding the etiology of anemia is critical to developing effective prevention strategies with screening. An integrated approach to early prevention of anemia involves collaboration between the health, education, and community sectors.
Keywords: Anemia, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Impact, Prevention -
مقدمه
نگهداری حیوانات خانگی به عنوان یک پدیده جهانی، با تاثیرات مثبت بر سلامت روانی و فیزیولوژیک افراد همراه است، اما ممکن است این دسته از حیوانات به عنوان میزبان جهت انتقال بیماری های مشترک بین انسان و حیوان (زئونوتیک) عمل کنند. با توجه به این مسئله، آگاهی از خطرات این بیماری ها و رفتارهای پیشگیرانه مورد نیاز است. بررسی سطح آگاهی و نگرش افراد، به ویژه دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی البرز، در مورد بیماری های زئونوتیک بخصوص بیماری های انگلی و ارائه راهکارهایی جهت تقویت آگاهی و کاهش خطرات ناشی از این بیماری ها در جوامع مورد نظر است.
روش کارمطالعه حاضر به صورت توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده است. جامعه مورد بررسی دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی البرز بودند. در این بررسی 197 نفر از 6 دانشکده (پزشکی، دندانپزشکی، داروسازی، بهداشت، پیراپزشکی، و پرستاری) به عنوان شرکت کننده انتخاب گردیدند. داده های با استفاده از پرسش نامه جمع آوری و از طریق نرم افزار آماری SPSS نسخه 22، بر حسب نوع متغییرها و آزمون های آماری متناسب مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافته هانتایج این مطالعه نشان داد بیشتر شرکت کنندگان مطالعه زن (109 نفر، 3/55 درصد)، دانشجویان مقطع دکتری عمومی (117 نفر، 4/59 درصد) بوده و حیوان خانگی نگه داری نمی کردند (125 نفر، 5/63 درصد). تجزیه و تحلیل آماری (ضریب همسبتگی اسپیرمن) نشان داد که بین سطح آگاهی و سطح نگرش افراد شرکت کننده (P < 0.001, r = 0.241)، سطح آگاهی و سطح عملکرد افراد شرکت کننده (P < 0.001, r = 0.363)، و همچنین سطح عملکرد و نگرش افراد شرکت کننده (P < 0.001, r = 0.380) ارتباط مستقیم و معنی داری وجود دارد.
نتیجه گیرییافته های این بررسی که برای اولین بار در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی انجام گرفته است، نشان می دهد آموزش در زمینه بیماری های زئونوتیک به دانشجویان گرایش های مختلف دانش علوم پزشکی باید ادامه یافته و این افراد در جهت گسترش دانشی که فراگرفته اند، باید تلاش نمایند. با توجه به مطالعات گذشته انجام شده در سطح جامعه، سطح دانش و آگاهی افراد درباره بیماری های مشترک بین انسان و حیوان کم بوده و نیاز به بهبود دارد.
کلید واژگان: زئونوزها، عفونت های انگلی، آگاهی، نگرش، پیشگیریIntroductionThe maintenance of pets is a global phenomenon that is associated with positive effects on individuals' mental and physiological health. However, these animals can also serve as hosts for the transmission of common diseases between humans and animals, known as zoonoses. Therefore, it is essential to raise awareness about the dangers posed by these diseases and promote preventive behaviors. This study aims to investigate the level of awareness and attitudes of individuals, particularly students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, regarding zoonotic diseases, especially parasitic infections. Additionally, the study seeks to identify solutions to enhance awareness and mitigate the risks associated with these diseases in the targeted communities.
MethodsThis survey is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences. A total of 197 participants from six faculties—Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Health, Paramedicine, and Nursing—were selected for the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 22 statistical software, employing appropriate statistical tests based on the types of variables.
ResultsThe results of this study indicated that the majority of participants were female (n = 109, 55.3%), general medical doctoral students (n = 117, 59.4%), and did not own pets (n = 125, 63.5%). Statistical analysis using Spearman's correlation coefficient revealed significant relationships among the variables: knowledge and attitude of participants (P < 0.001, r = 0.241), knowledge and practice of participants (P < 0.001, r = 0.363), and attitude and practice of participants (P < 0.001, r = 0.380).
ConclusionThe findings of the present study, conducted for the first time among students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, indicate that education on zoonotic diseases should be ongoing for students in various medical disciplines. Furthermore, these individuals should actively seek to expand their acquired knowledge. Previous studies conducted within the community have shown that the level of knowledge and awareness regarding diseases shared between humans and animals is low and requires significant improvement.
Keywords: Zoonoses, Parasitic Infections, Awareness, Attitudes, Prevention -
Background
Morbidity and mortality from coronavirus are more likely in vulnerable groups, such as cancer patients. Implementing self-care education for prevention in these patients is a priority. This study aimed to investigate the effect of telenursing education on self-care behaviors that prevent COVID-19 in cancer patients.
MethodsThis interventional study was conducted at Vasei Sabzevar Hospital on patients with various types of cancer undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy in 2020 coinciding with the second peak of COVID-19, for one month (30 minutes daily). Two-stage sampling was conducted in the intervention group (31 participants) and the control group (26 participants). Self-care and patient follow-up training on the prevention of COVID-19 were conducted through WhatsApp. Data were collected using a researcher-made self-care questionnaire, a demographic questionnaire, and a medical information form.
ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 58.24±13.27 years, with the majority being female (n=35; 61%). Breast cancer was the most common cancer among the studied subjects (n=24; 42.1%). In the intervention group, the mean score of self-care before the intervention was 21.65±8.72 and after the intervention, it was 36.76±3.14. The results of the independent t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). Fisher’s exact test did not indicate a significant difference between the two groups in terms of COVID-19 morbidity (P=0.118).
ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that telenursing education improves self-care behaviors in the prevention of coronavirus in cancer patients.
Keywords: Self-Care, Education, Cancer, COVID-19, Prevention -
مقدمه
استریای بارداری، نوعی اسکار پوستی فیزیولوژیک در دوران بارداری است. استریا می تواند به زیبایی زنان لطمه وارد کند و مشکلاتی را برای وی به وجود بیاورد؛ از این رو محققین همواره به دنبال راهکارهایی برای پیشگیری و رفع این مشکل بوده اند. از آنجایی که تاکنون تاثیر پماد بنه بر پیشگیری از بروز شدت استریای بارداری انجام نشده است، لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین تاثیر پماد بنه بر پیشگیری از شدت استریای بارداری در زنان نخست باردار انجام شد.
روش کاراین مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی شاهددار تصادفی سه سوکور در سال 1403-1402 بر روی 70 زن نخست زای مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی حضرت ابوالفضل و امام سجاد (ع) شهر زاهدان انجام گرفت. واحدهای پژوهش در دو گروه مداخله و دارونما قرار گرفتند. گروه مداخله و کنترل به ترتیب از پماد حاوی گیاه بنه و پماد حاوی پلاسبو استفاده کردند و در هفته چهارم و هشتم پس از مداخله، نمونه ها به لحاظ شدت استریا بر اساس روش استفاده شده توسط داوی ارزیابی شدند. ابزار جمع آوری داده ها شامل پرسشنامه اطلاعات دموگرافیک و مامایی، چک لیست داوی، پرسشنامه بررسی عوارض و رضایت مندی از مطالعه و چک لیست روند مطالعه بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 24) و آزمون های من ویتنی، کای دو، آزمون دقیق فیشر و ویلکاکسون انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته هادر مقایسه درون گروهی، میانگین نمره شدت استریای بارداری قبل از مداخله در گروه مداخله 55/1±37/1 و در گروه دارونما 85/1± 66/1 بود که بر اساس آزمون من ویتنی، این تفاوت از نظر آماری معنی دار نبود (444/0=p). بعد از مداخله، میانگین نمره شدت استریای بارداری در گروه مداخله 56/0±26/0 و در گروه دارونما 46/1±46/1 بود که آزمون من ویتنی این تفاوت را معنی دار نشان داد (001/0>p). آزمون ویلکاکسون بیانگر عدم تفاوت نمرات قبل و بعد در گروه دارونما (202/0=p) و کاهش نمره شدت استریا در گروه مداخله (006/0>p) بود.
نتیجه گیریپماد بنه، نمره شدت استریای بارداری را در زنان باردار کاهش می دهد.
کلید واژگان: استریای بارداری، بنه، پیشگیری، شدت، نخست باردارIntroductionPregnancy striae are a kind of physiological skin scar during pregnancy. Pregnancy striae can damage women's beauty and cause problems; therefore, researchers have always been looking for solutions to prevent and solve this problem. Since the effect of pistacia atlantica ointment on the prevention of intensity of pregnancy striae has not been evaulated so far, the present study was conducted with aim to determine the effect of pistacia atlantica ointment on the prevention of intensity of pregnancy striae in primiparous women.
MethodsThis triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted in 2023- 2024 on 70 primiparous women who had referred to Hazrat Abulfazl and Imam Sajjad health centers in Zahedan city. The research units were placed in two intervention and placebo groups. The intervention and control groups applied pistacia atlantica ointment and ointment containing the placebo. In the fourth and eighth weeks after the intervention, the samples were evaluated for striae severity based on the method used by Davy. The data collection tools included demographic and midwifery information questionnaire, Davi's checklist, complications and satisfaction of the study questionnaire, and study process checklist. Data analysis was done by SPSS statistical software (version 24) and Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and Wilcoxon tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.
ResultsThe intragroup comparison showed that the mean of pregnancy striae severity score before the intervention was 1.37 ± 1.55 in the intervention group and 1.66 ± 1.85 in the placebo group; Mann-Whitney test did not show this difference to be significant (p=0.444). Also, the findings showed that after the intervention, the mean of pregnancy striae severity score was 0.26±0.56 in the intervention group and 1.46 ± 1.46 in the placebo group; Mann-Whitney test showed this difference to be significant (p=0.001). The Wilcoxon test indicated no difference between pretest and post-test scores in the placebo group (P=0.202) and a decrease in striae severity score in the intervention group (p<0.006).
ConclusionThe pistacia atlantica ointment reduces the score of pregnancy striae severity in pregnant women.
Keywords: Intensity, Pistacia Atlantica, Pregnancy Striae, Prevention, Primiparous -
Background
Stress is an important psychosocial factor responsible for the hypertension. Globally, university employees reported a high prevalence of hypertension, and perceived stress; however, in Indian context, as few studies documented this association, we conducted a study documenting the prevalence of hypertension and perceived stress among employees of Solapur University.
Material and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted during June – September 2022 to screen 231 university employees for hypertension following International Society of Hypertension guidelines. Perceived psychological stress was assessed with Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale. Chi-square test and both univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to evaluate the hypotheses. The significance level for the p-value was set at ≤0.05, and statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 12.1.
ResultsThe overall prevalence of hypertension was 39%. More than half of employees (54%) were under moderate to high levels of stress, and they were more likely to be hypertensive than those under low stress. Staff with more than 30 years and in non-teaching posts were about two times more at higher risk of hypertension, and male staff, and those having moderate to high-stress levels were 2.5 times more likely associated with the risk of hypertension as compared to others.
ConclusionsUniversity employees are under high levels of stress which are prone to developing hypertension. There is a need to screen more and more Indian university employees for the presence of hypertension and stress to design appropriate hypertension prevention programmes.
Keywords: Hypertension, Stress, Prevalence, Prevention, Employees, India -
Objective
This study aimed to explore the perspectives of student counsellors regarding comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies for addressing internet addiction among adolescents.
MethodThis study employed an exploratory-descriptive qualitative design. Data collection involved focus group discussions (FGDs) with 12 purposively selected student counsellors from high schools in four West Java regions. Counsellors were chosen based on their experience in managing students with internet addiction within the past year. FGDs were conducted virtually due to Covid-19 restrictions, with sessions aimed at exploring perceptions and strategies related to internet addiction prevention and intervention. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis following Clarke and Braun's approach to identify key themes.
ResultsThe results of the study obtained 5 themes which are: a comprehensive assessment is needed to determine appropriate interventions for students experiencing internet addiction; family is the main supporting factor in managing and preventing internet addiction; various parties must cooperate in overcoming internet addiction; health education about internet addiction during school orientation is important as a prevention program; and digitalization and communication control programs affect the phenomenon of internet addiction.
ConclusionBased on the results of this study, we can conclude the importance of comprehensive assessments to determine appropriate interventions and the need for support from other parties in overcoming internet addiction among students.
Keywords: Adolescent, Internet Addiction, Intervention, Prevention, Student Counsellor -
Background
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanic/Latina women. Screening mammograms reduces morbidity and mortality, although Spanish-preferred patients face linguistic barriers, with61% of patients in an Internal Medicine (IM) clinic beingup to date on screenings. The study aimed to increase breast screening rates among Spanish-preferred IM patients by 12% within six weeks using culturally tailored Spanish-language educational materials.
MethodsSpanish-preferred patients were identified by language preference, age, and breast cancer screening status. Thirty-six women IM patients (intervention) and twenty-six Family Medicine (FM) patients (control) were selected. The IM patients received a link to a Spanish screening education video via an electronic portal message or mailed letter. If no screening was completed, patients were then called by a native Spanish speaker. FM patients received no intervention. Screening rates were compared to evaluate the efficacy of the video in increasing screening.
ResultsNine IM patients were excluded due to relocation or receiving care elsewhere. Post-intervention, screening adherence improved in both groups; the IM group improved by 25.9% (7 patients, P= 0.007) and 15.4% in the FM group (4 patients, P= 0.04). The change was significantly higher in the intervention group, P< 0.001.
ConclusionProviding screening education in Spanish significantly improved adherence. Incorporating culturally tailored education in clinical practice mitigates language-related health disparities and improves screening rates. Further research is needed on a larger scale with education in other languages to determine the effects on screening rates when patients have education in their preferred language.
Keywords: Breast Cancer Screening, Prevention, Health Literacy, Mammogram, Spanish, Women’S Health -
Dengue (DEN) virus is a common arboviral infectious disease that poses a significant threat to global public health, putting nearly half of the world's population at risk of infection. It is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Dengue infection, caused by all four mosquito-borne serotypes (DEN-1 to DEN-4), is endemic in countries with tropical and subtropical climates worldwide. To date, there is no vaccine that provides effective immunity against all DENV serotypes. Additionally, there is limited information regarding the epidemiology and impact of this dangerous disease in regions with recent infection reports. In this study, we aimed to present a summary of the clinical symptoms, pathology, etiology, prevention, and treatment options based on previous studies, to facilitate a better understanding of dengue fever (DF). The results of this study show that the main effects of DF are on vital organs such as the liver (hepatocellular necrosis), lungs (pulmonary edema), kidneys (hematuria and proteinuria), heart (myocarditis), and brain (encephalopathy). These effects can be a major threat to a person's life if diagnosed incorrectly or late. Increasing public awareness through social networks, implementing appropriate waste management systems, removing breeding sites for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes by government institutions, and providing proper laboratory diagnostic and treatment tools for patients with DF are essential solutions that should be prioritized globally.
Keywords: Dengue Fever, Pathology, Etiology, Prevention, Treatment, Global Health
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