جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Wastewater » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The growing use of treated wastewater in farming has raised concerns about the potential impacts on public health.

This study assessed the levels of the heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in plants watered in greenhouse settings using both well water and synthetic wastewater. Synthetic wastewater with As at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/L, Pb at 1, 3, and 5 mg/L, and Cd at 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 mg/L, as well as well water were used to irrigate radish, coriander, and grass. In the end, 144 vegetable samples were gathered, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to determine the heavy metal concentrations in the samples. Risk assessment for consumers was determined based on the measured levels of heavy metals in the vegetables.

Even though the concentrations of heavy metals in the wastewater were within the limits for irrigation, the risk assessment showed that consumption of vegetables irrigated with treatment wastewater could pose risks to individuals’ health. The maximum concentration of Pb in radish leaves was observed at the Pb concentration of 5 mg/L, and the maximum concentration of As in cress irrigated with As effluent at the As concentration of 0.02 mg/L.

The consumption of vegetables containing Pb can pose a significant non-carcinogenic risk to consumers. However, well water may also be dangerous in the long run. Therefore, it is important to ensure about food safety when using treated wastewater for irrigation.

Wastewater treatment plants are important sources of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHSs) such as carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Also, energy consumption in the wastewater treatment process causes indirect carbon dioxide emissions.

One hundred thirty-three operating wastewater treatment plants in Iran treat municipal wastewater. The carbon dioxide and methane emissions from the wastewater treatment plants for the year 2022 were estimated by establishing a calculation model according to the methods recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines.

Based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guideline, the total methane emission was 158.63 tons. Based on the USEPA guideline, the total emissions of methane and carbon dioxide were 47.61 and 351.47 tons, respectively. This amount is 3.2% of all the methane and carbon dioxide emissions of Iran. Isfahan and Tehran provinces have the highest emissions rates of methane at 31.85 and 22.91 tons, respectively. While South Khorasan and Kerman provinces have the lowest methane emissions rates of 0.46 and 0.67 tons, respectively.

The results will provide a scientific basis and effective strategies for policymakers to reduce the methane and carbon dioxide emissions from the wastewater treatment plants of Iran.

Phytoremediation is a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly process that utilizes plants and microorganisms for purification of the polluted land. In this study, the fast-growing species Salix acmophylla from the Salicaceae family was selected for phytoremediation purposes.

With the aim of exploring the potential of Salix acmophylla in wastewater purification, a research initiative was launched in 2020, Following initial land preparation on a 5-hectare site next to a wastewater treatment plant, 60,000 Salix acmophylla cuttings were planted. By 2022, the trees had matured to a height of 3-4 meters. Wastewater samples were then collected and analyzed for pollutant levels both before entering the planted area and after passing through drainage channels built among the trees. This allowed researchers to calculate the average efficiency of Salix acmophylla in reducing wastewater pollutants.  

The results regarding the impact of Salix acmophylla trees on the reduction of wastewater Characteristics in the cultivation area were the following: COD, BOD5, TSS, TDS, EC, and turbidity exhibited reductions of 38%, 42%, 17.5%, 79%, 52.2%, and 45.6%, respectively. Additionally, the estimated income from the cultivation of these trees was approximately $49,000.

Planting Salix acmophylla trees significantly contributes to the reduction of wastewater pollutant parameters, suggesting the recommendation of this species for similar climates.

Vancomycin (VCM) is a critical antibiotic due to its high consumption and side effects, including increased bacterialresistance affecting treatment processes. This research investigated the efficiency of VCM antibiotic removal from an aqueoussolution using a UV/Fe3O4@Alg-ZnO integrated process.

Response surface methodology (RSM) and a Box-Behnken design were applied using Design-Expert software tooptimize the number of samples and simultaneously understand the interactive effects between variables. X-ray diffraction (XRD),a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), field effect scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) analyses were used to check the structural characteristics. The effects of initial catalyst concentration (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5g/L), initial pollutant concentration (10, 30, and 50 mg/L), contact time (10, 30, and 50 minutes), and pH (3, 7, and 11) on VCMdecomposition rate were investigated. Spectrophotometry, total organic carbon (TOC), and GC-MS analyses were used to checkthe efficiency of the process.

In this study, VCM and TOC removal efficiency was 92.64% and 85.38%, respectively, under optimal conditions. Thereason for the reduction in the efficiency of the combined UV/Fe3O4@Alg-ZnO process in real raw sewage, after activated sludge(13%) and after activated sludge and stabilization ponds (24%), is the high COD, which causes the active radicals produced tobe spent on other species instead of the VCM antibiotic.

The current study showed that the UV/Fe3O4@Alg-ZnO process performs well in removing VCM and TOC. In realwastewater, this efficiency was significantly reduced.

Inappropriate management of textile wastewater results in environmental pollution. To counter this, biofilters or biofilm systems serve as alternatives. Biofilters work like a filter, with a media stack that aids in the filtration process. In this study, pozzolan and sawdust were used as media. The present study aimed to identify the difference in average color content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and chromium of textile wastewater after passing through a single biofilter versus a combination biofilter.

This study employs a post-test with a control design experimental research design. The research population is the total textile wastewater produced by the X industry located in Cimahi city, Indonesia. The grab sampling technique was employed to collect 30 L of textile wastewater for each treatment using both the single biofilter (composed solely of sawdust) and the combination biofilter (mixture of sawdust and pozzolan).

There are significant differences in color, COD, and chromium content averages between single and combined biofilter treatments, supported by P values of 0.012, 0.004, and 0.010. The single biofilter exhibited higher percentage reductions in color and chromium (14.25% and 90.83%, respectively) compared to the combination biofilter. In contrast, the combination biofilter achieved a remarkable COD reduction of up to 79.45%compared to the single biofilter.

The results of the present study showed that the single biofilter had a higher capacity to remove color and chromium compared to the combination biofilter. Meanwhile, the combination biofilter was found to be more effective in removing COD compared to the single biofilter.

The occurrence of COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international alarm was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020. The identified transmission path is due to direct close contact or via respirational droplets. There is uncertainty about other ways, such as transmission of surfaces, air, and other sources. This study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines to investigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus in environmental surfaces, water, wastewater, and air.

In this study, we performed a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science (ISI) databases in August 2022. The investigation on electronic databases resulted in a total of 2049 articles. A total of 249 potentially relevant were identified for full-text evaluation. Meanwhile, 30 articles were included in the synthesis.

According to four included studies, negative detection of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water is established. A laboratory study has shown that viable SARS-CoV-2 could be found in aerosols for about 3 h. Also, the virus can be found on dry surfaces, depending on the material of the surface, for 8 to 72 h. Our results showed it is possible to exciting SARS-CoVs in air, environmental surface, and wastewater. 

These results can help healthy policymakers make suitable assessments of main prevention measures.

Droughts and precipitation imbalances in various parts of the world have underscored the significance of alternative water resources. In recent years, recycled water has emerged as a viable alternative, with wastewater being treated to a safe level for diverse purposes. However, the public acceptance of water reuse plays a pivotal role in determining the success of recycling initiatives. This study aims to identify the barriers and facilitators influencing public acceptance of water reuse in Yazd, Iran, during 2020.

A cross-sectional study involving 384 individuals in Yazd city during 2020 was conducted. Participants were selected using the stratified sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation test in SPSS software version 23.

The most crucial facilitator for acceptance was the concept of segregating drinking water and recycled water networks. The primary barrier to acceptance was the perceived risk of recycled water contamination and potential health hazards. Water reuse was most widely accepted for construction purposes, followed by toilet flush tanks and irrigation of green spaces in parks and sports fields. A positive correlation (r = 0.416) existed between facilitators and acceptance of water reuse, indicating that enhancing facilitators positively affected acceptance.

To successfully implement water reuse projects, it is essential to consider key facilitators such as segregated water systems for different household uses, raising public awareness about the benefits of water reuse, and building public trust in recycled water safety.

Bio-remediation methods of organic pollutants are promising due to their high efficiency, low cost, and green chemistry. These methods are effective alternatives to traditional elimination methods. Bacillus cereus PTCC 1015S strain was used to eliminate acid blue 113 (AB113) and acid orange 7 (AO7) from aqueous solutions. The bacteria were activated in the Luria Bertani Broth (MILLER) culture medium. The effective parameters such as incubation time and temperature, pH of dye solution, dye concentration, and the bacterial inoculation quantity on decolorization were investigated. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were done to clarify the different aspects of the introduced method. Also, the reliability of the method to remove studied dyes was investigated in dye factory wastewater samples. The first-order kinetic model was the best model to describe the kinetics of decolorization. The obtained thermodynamic data showed that the elimination process was endothermic (ΔH0 = + 29.03, 30.53) while it was spontaneous (ΔG0 < 0) for both studied dyes and so entropy change (ΔS0 = + 109.63, 116.32) was an effective force in the decolorization. Under optimized conditions, B. cereus PTCC 1015S showed high average removal; 98.5 and 99.3 % for AB113 and AO7 respectively in dye model solutions. The removal efficiency was more than 85 % for bothstudied dyes in wastewater spiked samples. The B. cereus PTCC 1015 strain was capable of being exploited in the removal of AB113 and AO7 dye molecules as an affordable and eco-amiable method for the treatment of aqueous samples contaminated with the studied azo dyes.

Electrocoagulation is becoming a promising eco-friendly wastewater treatment technique. It is a low-cost wastewater treatment method suitably applied for various wastewater effluent characteristics. Nevertheless, there are different kinds of electrocoagulation; comparison among them in terms of nutrient removal is investigated in the present research. This study analyzed nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) removal potential of the sono-alternative and direct-current electrocoagulation process.

Batch reactor and sono-direct current (SDC)/sono-alternative current (SAC) electrocoagulation cell were employed to investigate NO3- and PO43- removal efficiency from domestic effluents. The data gathered from laboratory experiments were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). ANOVA was used to examine the interaction effects of diverse parameters in terms of NO3_ and PO43- removal from domestic wastewater effluents.

At extreme experimental conditions, the percentage of NO3- and PO43- removal attained with sono-direct current electrocoagulation (SDCE) and sono-alternative current electrocoagulation (SACE) were 96.5%, 96.2% and 96.8%, 96.5, respectively. The SACE was more successful in eliminating NO3-and PO43- than the SDCE process. The appearance of resistant oxide coating on the cathode and the appearance of corrosion on the anode due to oxidation processes in the case of SDCE were identified as principal factors highly affecting NO3- and PO43- removal efficiency.

With optimum process efficiency, experimental findings show that the SACE process is more capable of NO3- and PO43- removal than the SDCE process.

Electrocoagulation (EC) is a safe method for removing environmental pollutants without the need for additional chemical materials. This study investigates the performance of EC in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity from drilling waste generated by oil rigs. An experimental study was performed on a pilot scale in an EC reactor provided from a cylindrical glass cell (height: 30 cm and inner diameter: 5 cm), a pair of aluminum and iron electrodes, a power supply, an aeration system. wastewater Samples were collected from one of the drilling rigs in Khuzestan. The effect of current density, operation time and pH parameters on removal of COD, TOC, TSS and turbidity were determined and the optimal values of the parameters were determined. It was found that system voltage, operation time and pH values on the removal efficiency of pollutants were statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The optimum values of pH, current density and operation time were obtained 7, 20 mA/cm2 and 60 minutes, respectively and the removal efficiencies of COD, TOC, TSS and turbidity under the optimum conditions were 72%, 79%, 67% and 63%, respectively. Also, the consumption of energy was estimated to be 8.4 kWh/m3. The results indicated that the EC process is a cost-effective method in removing pollutants caused by drilling of oil rigs and its efficiency can be improved by applying optimal conditions such as current density and pH.

 The presence of anticancer drugs in water sources has become critical in recent years. Anticancer drugs are used in controlled amounts and conditions in medical centers. Cancerostatic platinum complexes (CPC) like cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are used in oncology centers to treat many cancers.

 We determined the environmental risk of these compounds in municipal wastewater effluent of Qom, Iran.

 The LC-MS/MS technique quantified platinum complex drugs in wastewater effluent. Based on the blank laboratory method, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined as 0.009 µg/L, 0.013 µg/L, and 0.017 µg/L for oxaliplatin, carboplatin, and cisplatin, respectively.

 The cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin concentrations in wastewater effluent were 0.19 ± 0.098, 0.22 ± 0.094, and 0.12 ± 0.059 µg/L, respectively. Ecological risk assessment results indicated that RQsw for cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin was 0.017, 0.013, and 0.02, respectively, showing that the platinum complex drugs had insignificant ecological exposure risk. Furthermore, ΣRQsw was estimated at < 1.

 Managing cytotoxic waste from hospital oncology wards is vital for environmental pollution control. The use of other methods to remove these compounds, such as advanced oxidation processes and membrane systems, is inevitable.

Petroleum hydrocarbons that are released from industrial processes cause damage to aquatic life and degrade ecosystems by accumulating in the food chain, allowing living organisms to produce toxic secretions.

In this study, a pumice stone was used to remove total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from industrial wastewater in the south refinery company in Iraq/Basrah by coagulation and flocculation processes using the design of experiments (DOE) approach using the method of analyzing screening designs and measurement of the samples using GC instrument.

The maximum removal was 99% at pH 3, coagulation dose of 0.5 g, and time of 60 min, and a comparison was made between the DOE and the multiple linear regression (MLR) to determine the effectiveness of the system used, which proved its incredible effectiveness.

According to the results, a great convergence between the actual and prediction results of removal was found, while MLR was very far from the actual and predicted removal results. The high efficiency of pumice stone was found in removing petroleum hydrocarbons from the industrial wastewater of the South Refineries Company. Pumice stone is widely available in the market and cheap economically.

Recently, sulfate radical-based photocatalytic processes have attracted significant interests because of unique advantages in pollutants purification. In this study, TiO2-Fe3O4 nanocomposites in the presence of persulfate and under ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) irradiation were applied for reactive red 198 removal with a focus on the main operating parameters such as pH, persulfate molar concentration, irradiation time, and catalyst dosages in different initial concentrations.

The nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were used to evaluate TiO2- Fe3O4 nanocomposites. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for modeling and optimization. The kinetics and mechanisms of decolorization by sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were investigated. The mineralization of dye was evaluated using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis.

Modeling and optimization through RSM showed that the maximum decolorization of reactive red 198 is accursed an initial concentration of 10-50 mg/L was reached under UV-LED irradiation of 62-85 min, persulfate concentration = 0.8-1 mM, 0.19-0.3 g/L TiO2-Fe3O4 nanocomposites concentration, and pH = 3. The kinetics of process was in agreement with pseudo-first order. The mineralization of reactive red 198 during the optimum conditions was determined at about 61.1% and 49.6%, meanwhile, the decolorization efficiency in the same conditions was approximately 98.1% and 87.6%, respectively.

The use of TiO2-Fe3O4 nanocomposites under UV-LED irradiation in the presence of persulfate can be used as an efficient and promising method for dye removal from textile wastewater.

Textile is one of the biggest industries and it has an enormous impact on the global economy. However, the textile industry is labelled as the most polluting of all the industries and this is due to its contaminated wastewater. Textile wastewater contains organic hazardous compounds like alkylphenols (APs) such as nonylphenols (NPs), and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) for example nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), which may come from various detergents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, etc. used in textile industries.  Literature review revealed that no work was reported on the APs and APEOs in the textile wastewater of Bangladesh. This study reports the status of some APs and some APEOs after assessing wastewater of some textile industries in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Investigations were carried out with the wastewater of seven textile industries located in the Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. Tests were carried out by an Agilent Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS). The results revealed that none of the wastewater samples contained APs, and APEOs other than nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) a form of APEOs. And it might have released from the textile products treating stuff through dissolution process. Among all the seven industries, two industries (28%) contained nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs). The mean concentrations of the detected NPEOs were determined as 11.27 ± 0.24 µg L-1 and 14.01 ± 0.09 µg L-1 in the wastewater of the mentioned two industries. The levels of the observed concentrations of NPEOs were much higher than the specified limits for textile wastewater. Findings of the present work will create pressure on the textile industries of home and abroad for treating textile wastewater effectively and not letting APEOs cum NPEOs in the wastewater. And such activities all over will pave the way to save the ecological system.