تغییر جنسیت

It is possible for Sex reversal of eggs with female embryo using anti-aromatase agents, and the hatchlings have an improved performance.

The present study was conducted to survey the effect of in ovo injection of 0.1 mL Nettle (Urtica dioica) and mushroom extracts and Fadrozole hydrochloride as anti-aromatase agents  on sex differentiation of broiler chickens.

366 fertile eggs from Ross 308 strain broiler breeders were divided into 4 groups. At the beginning of the fifth day of incubation in ovo injection operation was carried out. A control group was injected with 0.1 mL distilled water. The hatched chickens were then reared in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replicates for 42 days.

In ovo injection of 0.1 mL of fadrozole hydrochloride, mushroom and nettle extracts led to 100, 66.67 and 37.5 percent sex reversal, respectively (p < /em><0.05). During the whole of the experimental period, daily feed intake and daily weight gain of chickens of fadrozole hydrochloride and mushroom extract groups were higher than those on the control and nettle extract (p < /em><0.05). Fadrozole hydrochloride reduced levels of serum triglyceride and VLDL (p < /em> <0.05), but there was no significant difference in cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels (p < /em>> 0.05). White blood cells and hematocrit percentage were not affected by experimental treatments (p < /em>> 0.05). Compared with other treatments, in ovo injection of mushroom extract caused a significant increase in the number and average diameter of muscle fibers (p < /em><0.05).

The findings of this study confirm the significant anti-aramatogenic properties of the mushroom extract and the positive effect of in ovo injection of  mushroom extract on the sexes reversal and improvement in performance of broiler chickens.

To study the morphology ofgonads and sperm ducts of sex reversed male rainbow trout after administration of I 7-cr- methyl testosterone. Animals: Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Procedure: l7-alpha-methyl testosterone (17-alpha-MT) was administered to rainbow trout in 5 treafinents as follows: I) rwo times immersion of eyed eggs and yolk sac alevins in 250 pg/l bath with 2 hours duration and 8 days interval. II) three times immersion of eyed eggs and yolk-sac alevins in 250 trrgil bath with 2 hours duration and 4 days intervals. III) two times immersion of eyed eggs and yolk sac alevins in 250 pg/l bath with2hours duration and 8 days intervalplus oral adminishation of 3ppm l7-cr-MT starting from active feeding of larvae for 90 days. IV) oral administration of 3ppm l7-alpha-MT starting from active feeding of larvae for 70 days. V) oral administration of 30ppm 17-a-MT starting from active feeding of larvae for 120 days. In addition, a control group was maintained with no hormonal treatment. 20 fishes from each treatment as well as control groups were examined morphologically for their reproductive organs at the age of 24 months.

Arange of normal to totally atrophic reproductive organs was observed in different treatment groups. Four types of sperm ducts were detected ranging from normal open-ended sperm ducts containing fluid semen, closeended sperm duct containing fluid semen, close-ended sperm duct lacking fluid semen, to close-ended atrophic sperm duct with no semen. The highest number of functional males with the ability of production of fluid spenn was found in treatment II.

17-alpha-MT administration in an optimal dosage and route to female rainbow trout can produce functional males with the ability of normal sperm production although the gonads and sperm ducts may be affected morphologically.