health

Despite the beneficial effects of antibiotics in treating livestock diseases and increasing their weight, their residual effects on food can cause harmful effects on both livestock and humans and endanger human health. The presence of antibiotic residues in food, especially meat, and its transfer to the body of consumers is one of their most important harmful effects. One of the practical ways to reduce drug residues in meat is to use heating methods such as cooking in boiling water.

This research aimed to use a suitable cooking method and optimize its conditions in terms of salt content. Organic acids (citric acid) and cooking time to reduce antibiotic residues.

For this purpose, fifteen 20-day-old Ras broiler chickens were used. To clean their bodies from possible antibiotic residues, the chickens were kept for 10 days and given antibiotic-free food. Then, the antibiotic enrofloxacin was injected into the chest muscle, and 24 hours later, they were killed. Based on the protocol provided by Design Expert software, 18 treatments with different cooking time ranges and percentages of salt and citric acid were designed and implemented, and the drug residue after cooking the samples was determined by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) method.

Based on the obtained results, proper cooking methods and optimization of its conditions, such as the amount of salt, organic acids (citric acid), and cooking time, had a significant effect on the reduction of enrofloxacin antibiotic residues. Also, after optimizing the process by the software, the best conditions to achieve the minimum amount of antibiotics could be achieved by the cooking time of 26.59 minutes, 2.95% w/v salt, and 1.49% v/v citric acid.

By cooking properly and adding ingredients such as acids and salt at the optimum level, the amount of antibiotics in chicken meat can be reduced.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oral calcium supplementation in the postpartum period on milk production and composition, animal health  and reproduvtive performance. For this purpose, forty-two Holstein lactating cows were selected and divided into two groups: control (twenty-one cows, without any calcium bolus) and treatment group (twenty-one cows,43 g oral bolus immediately after calving). The results showed milk yield and composition (fat and protein), and milk somatic cell count were not affected by oral calcium bolus. The incidence of impending diseases in this group of cows such as metritis, mating and abomasum reversal in the experimental group was lower than animals that did not consume calcium bolus (odds ratio (OR) = 0.13). It is also worth noting that in the case of reproductive indices, the mean of open days in the treatment group decreased compared to the control treatment but was not statistically significant. There was no difference in body condition score at the time of insemination in the control and treatment groups (P <0.05) and the mean number of inseminations per pregnancy in the treatment group was not significant compared to the control treatment (P <0.05). In general, with proper nutrition management during the close up with diet DCAD controling, it is possible to pass the transfer cows without consuming calcium bolus, and also to avoid increasing costs.

Rice is one of the major food commodities for half of the world's population. In Iran, rice is a strategic product that is the main strength of the people after bread, and it is expected this product supplies with appropriate quality and placed in the household basket. In this study, qualitative characteristics, amount of impurities, the concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, and lead), microbial growth (mold and yeast), aflatoxin concentration, and pesticides in rice crop in different regions of Mazandaran (three species Tarom, Shiroodi, and Neda), Gilan (three species of Tarom, Ali Kazemi and Hashemi), three samples of organic rice (first crop, second crop and brown), and rice imported from Pakistan (three brands) and Indian rice (two brands) Was examined. The longitudinal range of increase was found to be 6.68-7.62, 7.60-7.62, 6.68-7.62, 6.50-7.00 and 5.80-6.20 mm for Pakistan, Indian, Mazandaran, Gilan and organic cultivars. Indian cultivars A, B, and Gilan (Hashemi) had the lowest, and Pakistani cultivar A had the highest impurities. Most of the perfumes belonged to Gilan (Talesh) and Mazandaran (Tarom). The highest starch gelatinisation and lowest amount of heavy metals were observed in Iranian cultivar samples. According to general estimates, the highest amount of heavy metals was measured in Pakistani rice, followed by Indian and then Iranian rice. The concentration of Aflatoxin in all samples, except for Pakistan samples, was lower than the detection limit. According to the results, the sample of organic rice with the least consumption of pesticides, the minimum amount of heavy metal, microbial and mycotoxin contamination is recommended to ensure public health.

Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a class of serum proteins whose their concentration increase remarkably in response to infection,inflammation,trauma,neoplasia and etc.haptoglobin(HPt) and serum Amyloid (SAA) are to major APPs in horse.since,in farms, differentiation between healthy and sick horse is so important,the persent study was designed to determine the diagnostic value of APPs as sensitive biomarkers,and compare it with hematologic parameters for differentiation of healthy and sick horses in farm.according to the results of the present study, increase in the median of HPt and SAA was significant.with regard to the ROC curve,cutoff point of HPt and SAA was 0.829 and 0.6 ng/dl respectively and sensitivity and specificity in their cut off point was 86%, 87% for HPt and 84% , 73% for SAA. in addition, clinical accuracy of HPt and SAA,base of area under the curve,was 0907, 0.891 respectively. in other hand, significant difference between the clinical accuracy of HPt and SAA has not be seen.results of the present study show that HPt and SAA measurement can be used as a screening test to determine health status in horse.