دین

This research explores the complex and multifaceted relationship between religion and media. The author defines religion as a guiding semantic system and media as a tool for increasing awareness. Emphasizing the role of prophets in understanding the audience, the study focuses on the importance of reflection and insight in religious practice, identifying modern media as an opportunity to promote religious teachings.
The concept of religion is defined beyond traditional religions, as a general human perspective on life and the world. Religious knowledge is divided into two categories: fundamental and experiential, stressing the necessity of aligning religion with human nature. The competition between experiential and divine religious discourses and the challenges posed by secular media are also examined.
The article addresses the existential necessity of religion, the phenomenon of instinctive religion, and the inseparable link between religion and media. By distinguishing between operational religion (religion in practice) and nominal religion (registered religion), the study emphasizes the importance of deep religious understanding and achieving a virtuous life. Criteria for evaluating religious media are explained based on the prevailing religion among policymakers and media actors, and the differences between human and divine religion in media are clarified.
In the final section, the reasons for the lack of Islamic dominance over media, including the incorrect portrayal of religion, a prescriptive approach, and its inactivity, are analyzed. While providing solutions, the author emphasizes the need for a new approach in media to present religious teachings and the importance of addressing the roots and fundamental concepts of religion for meaningful communication with audiences.

Many times,the topic of Baha’i is associated with false information in people's minds. Inthe meantime,some common mistakes,which are sometimes mentioned by missionariesand organizations,have been created frequently for the youth,the general public. Toclear these doubts,it is not always possible to refer to important sources,in-depthresearches,and sometimes these people do not have the opportunity,the possibilityof deep,long study on the subject of Baha'i,and with short speeches,they have somemisconceptions. Therefore,in response to it,a documented,short,practical,accuratetext should be provided.
With this goal in mind,this article seeks to clarify some of these mistakes about Baha’iand tries to briefly provide some documentation,although documenting all the propositionsof the text would make it out of general use. Common misconceptions are:It is not necessary to study Baha'i,Baha'i is a sect of Islam,New,modern religion,Oppression,righteousness,Morality,hones ty,Connection with Israel,Belief inthe equality of men,women,Belonging to Baha'i symbols of modernity,earlyschools,The Pahlavi regime's oppression of Baha'is,The reason for the non-spreadingof Baha’ism,Clerical position,Entry,exit from Baha'i,Hide the belief (taqiyyah),Involvement in politics,Patriotism,Corruption,espionage,Mandatory orders,Selectivemanagement,Children's religion. In this article,the las t nine subjects are discussed.

Many times, the topic of Baha’i is associated with false information in people's minds. In the meantime, some common mis takes, which are sometimes mentioned by missionaries and organizations, have been created frequently for the youth and the general public. To clear these doubts, it is not always possible to refer to important sources and in-depth researches, and sometimes these people do not have the opportunity and the possibility of deep and long s tudy on the subject of Baha'i, and with short speeches, they have some misconceptions. Therefore, in response to it, a documented, short, practical and accurate text should be provided.    
With this goal in mind, this article seeks to clarify some of these mis takes about Baha’i and tries to briefly provide some documentation, although documenting all the propositions of the text would make it out of general use. Common misconceptions are: It is not necessary to s tudy Baha'i; Baha'i is a sect of Islam; New and modern religion; Oppression and righteousness; Morality and hones ty; Connection with Israel; Belief in the equality of men and women; Belonging to Baha'i symbols of modernity and early schools; The Pahlavi regime's oppression of Baha'is; The reason for the non-spreading of Baha’ism; Clerical position; Entry and exit from Baha'i; Hide the belief (taqiyyah), Involvement in politics; Patriotism; Corruption and espionage; Mandatory orders; Selective management , Children's religion. In this article, the firs t ten subjects are discussed.

For those concerned with religion and religiosity in the realm of film, an examination of the relationship between film and religion is necessary. This examination should encompass two key issues: firstly, the discussion of religious film, and secondly, the theoretical requirements for its realization. This text, through a descriptive-analytical method, delves into the first issue by reaching the concept of the "desired film"; a film that, to the extent it engages with religious teachings, which are nothing less than truth, does not contradict or conflict with them, even though it may not be labeled as a religious film. Furthermore, in exploring the second issue, a theoretical necessity under the title of religious film studies has been introduced, where various fields of film studies are revisited based on Islamic thought. Religious film studies encompass a wide spectrum of topics ranging from the most abstract to the most practical discussions related to film as an art form .

One of the concerns of today›s society is religiosity. The issue has gained more importance since the grounds and evidence of religious aversion in society have become more apparent than ever. The root of this phenomenon is sometimes internal and sometimes external. However, focusing on external factors should not distract us from addressing our own responsibilities. Considering how scholars and religious authorities have introduced and explained religion, our guidance in positively and negatively influencing the religious propositions on societal religiosity will be the audience of religion. Among all the causes, it can be argued that the initial incorrect definitions of the principle of religion and its presentation to the audience, and consequently the arrangement of other components of the religion introduction structure based on those definitions, have been one of the most important factors contributing to neglect and non-adherence to religion, ultimately leading to religious aversion. In this article, we intend to examine the criteria for correct and incorrect definitions and explanations of religion, as well as to explain how each proposition has affected societal religiosity.

Since the pulpit is a public media in Islam, and the seminaries throughout their history, they only convey religious knowledge to the general public through this media. This research aims to explain the role and media functions of the pulpit in the last hundred years, using the library and documentary method (historical research) and the theories of communication and media. In fact, this article is a research answer to these questions: whether the pulpit is a medium? What functions are envisioned for it in the last century? Based on the findings of the research, the pulpit is a cultural communication medium for promoting, consolidating and perpetuating the religion of Islam. This media, which has a religious and scholastic identity, in the last century played these basic roles: religious awareness, mobilization and creation of social and critical cohesion, and criticism of the existing situation. The performance of these roles by the owners of this media has caused cultural, social and political changes in the last century, the result of which was the occurrence of constitutional revolutions and the Islamic revolution .

One of the most important cultural concerns in the present era is the battle of narratives. A battle that has waged for public opinion and will have political, social and even economic consequences. The subject of this article is to investigate the media activism of seminaries in the last hundred years. "Battle of narratives" is a new concept that has a very ambiguous and complex definition, and the theorizing about it has not been done completely and maybe even incompletely. Therefore, the author has tried in this article to form a semantic system and an epistemological framework around the battle of narratives and media activism in the battle of narratives, by looking at the concept and functions of narrative, activism and media activism, explaining the relationship between narrative and media, as well as explaining the semantic relationship between the war of narratives and soft war, war of wills, cognitive wars, media war and media activism. Winning any war requires knowing the specific strategies and tactics of that battle. The findings of the research show that the war of narratives has five effective methods for success: speed or the first narrative; repetition and continuity; diversity and innovation; maximum inclusiveness; and citation, realism and believability. Media activism is also the most important operational strategy in implementing these five methods or principles of success in the war of narratives.

Media convergence has been a development that has its roots in digitalization, but it has created extensive changes in the media and information industry. But convergence can be considered as a title for a deep transformation that, in addition to bringing the media industry towards integration and eliminating the distance between the consumer, audience, and the content producer, it also creates technological convergence and economic convergence. Rather, it should be said that a culture of convergence is emerging. This era can be called the "Age of Convergence" with the characteristics of: integration and blurring of boundaries, movement towards miniaturization, variety of combinations, personalization, innovation, unpredictability and interconnection. This article, with a descriptive analytical method, deals with the expression of boundaries that merge or fade due to convergence, boundaries which can change the conditions of Seminary in the coming century; Such as the border between specialized disciplines, the border between everyday life and professional life, the border between Seminary students and others, the border between research and learning, etc.; And finally, strategies are proposed that Seminary needs to follow in the new century to face the era of convergence.

One of the preaching opportunities for the Shiite clerics before and after the Islamic revolution has been the National Media. Before the Islamic revolution, the clergy has cooperated in the National Media individually and in the form of speeches, but the glorious victory of the Islamic revolution made it able to use all the propagandistic capacities of the media for its effective presence in different forms, considering the different formats of programming. In this article, an attempt was made to present a comprehensive report on the presence of the clergy in the national media on the occasion of the Conference of the Century of Revival of Qom Seminary. The results of the research show that although the clergy has used the format of speeches to propagate religion in the media, but in different periods in addition to the form of religious speaker, in the different ways of guardianship, management, policy making, advisor and expert in scientific and strategic councils, religious expert, a content consultant for programming and implementation, it has appeared in special and religious programs and played an active role. However, this presence has faced restrictions and obstacles. What is clear is that the effective presence of the clergy to enter the new century, according to the new needs of the National Media in the future, needs to redefine the role of its presence .

This article seeks to know the worlds of universe, its creatures and the system of human communication with them using verses and Hadiths. Communication which in each of them takes place through the external and internal perceptive powers of humans and through active media in this field. Knowing this collection can lead to the investigation of the most important effective factors in the management of this system and its media. Factors that can help researchers and activists in the field of communication and media in how to analyze human relations with the universe, including human-to-human relations, and place active media management in the direction of the growth and perfection of human divine talents. Also, regarding the audience, it can help them to benefit intelligently in this field by expanding the knowledge of their capabilities and capacities in relation to universe and increasing the level of media literacy. This article is based on the revealed methodology regarding the sources of religion; That is, the Qur'an and the Hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH) have been made, and according to the brevity and from the perspective of the thinkers in the field of philosophy and mysticism, the types of worlds of existence (universe), the types of its creatures, and the types of human relationships with them have been introduced. In the other part of the article, by referring to the effective variables in the management of these communications, the implications of this view in the issue of time management in television have been considered .

Exploring the comparison between religion and Baha’ism within religious theory requires drawing a framework. The Baha’i Faith defines its identity under the concept of religion, but are the teachings of the Baha’i Faith measurable, like those of other religions or merely normative? It is not a question of the word of Religion, but of the connection between the teachings mentioned and the sacred identity. The concept of religion in Baha’i Teachings is neither formal nor substantive. The collection of those teachings represents a structured and normative “ideology” that has been constructed in the formal aspect, in the institutional order and in the substantive aspect, emerged with ideas such as the "religion of social evolution" or the "theological system". This article tries to show that the relation between "religion" and "Baha'ism" can only be explained by the title of “ideology”.

Among present media in cyberspace with the duty of informing, Instagram pages have unique role. Due to their ideological dependence on their origins, these pages look at societies’ developments and events from different intellectual angels, and reflect them with particular methods in line with their aims through highlighting them. The present paper seeks to answer the question of how religious symbols have been represented in Instagram pages of International, VOA, Persian BBC and Persian Israel channels from 30 of Bahman to 23 of Esfand in 1398 simultaneous to corona outbreak. To answer the question, the data and concepts discussed in Instagram pages of these channels simultaneous to corona outbreak have ben analyzed and categorized. The findings show that the most important practical strategy of these opponent channels was using the technique of satisfying the audience and inspiring meanings to them which mostly target audiences’ religious beliefs and views, manage their psyche and feelings like happiness, sadness, despair, fear, etc., and use a lot of very intricate and delicate methods and tricks. The analysis of media messages (posts) shows that religion is considered the main enemy of western media and their masters. Through downgrading the position of religion, these channels pursue their particular ideological, economic, political, social aims among others, and influence their audiences’ interpretations by providing a prefabricated framework. They even teach their audiences how to think about religion, justify and renovate West’s profile by influencing public opinion in long term, and introduce desantification and desacralization of religion as a solution.

This research intends to present techniques to improve the form and content of the short religious TV programs using a qualitative method and open interview with the experts. The interviewees are experts in seminary, social, communication sciences, authors of books and articles about religious program- producing and research experts whom some of their comments were chosen and analyzed in the research. Data analysis method is categorical content analysis.
This research scrutinizes two short religious TV programs; the documentary “From Vivid Nail Polish to Allah” and the short lectures of Marjas’ (sources of emulation) in the holy month of Ramadan. The result shows that due to the carelessness about the symmetry of the pictures and views, nonstandard stage arrangement by the director and the producer, inattentiveness to the visual literacy and proper visual attraction for the main characters, the program experts weakness, sharing the misgiving without any strong answer to solve it, superficiality, lack of a strong and appropriate program research have led these programs to not gaining their necessary status. This research can be advantageous in terms of codifying and arranging policies and programs to improve the form and structure of the short religious TV programs.

The article presents a theoretical framework for the understanding of how media work as agents of religious change. At the center of this theory is the concept of mediatization. Through the process of mediatization, religion is increasingly being subsumed under the logic of the media. As conduits of communication, the media have become the primary source of religious ideas, in particular in the form of banal religion. As a language the media mould religious imagination in accordance with the genres of popular culture, and as cultural environments the media have taken over many of the social functions of the institutionalized religions, providing both moral and spiritual guidance and a sense of community. Finally, the results of a national survey in Denmark are presented in order to substantiate the theoretical arguments and illustrate how the mediatization of religion has made popular media texts important sources of spiritual interest

Today, mass media as a means of managing and directing opinions and thoughts are of particular importance in various societies. The media is influenced by its power, influence, distribution range, and range of audience. On the other hand, it's not a matter for no one to say that the media, as well as other social phenomena, have, in addition to their function, negative functions. With a superficial look at how people interact with the media, we find out how much people have affected this phenomenon and how far the media can direct their actions and behaviors. The issue is when it matters that a topic in the name of religion is at the center of attention. Religion is a category that has been associated with mankind from eternity and has always affected a large part of his thoughts, beliefs, behavior, and communication. On the other hand, mass media, especially television, are often confronted with religion in some areas, and in some cases, because of their multiplicity and pluralism. Naturally, the result of this Conflict and Interaction, first of all, affects religion and the media, and then affects the people of the community. Religion and media are two powerful elements in guiding the thoughts and beliefs of the community and can not be ignored. Religion and media are powerful to lead and guide communities. The author believes that if these sources of power are aligned together, one can promote the happiness and excellence of society. The present study tries to examine an interaction between religions and the media through the examination of various documents.

Although cinema has more capacity to inspire the sense of reality in audience than other artistic media, the reality presented in a movie is essentially different form that of real world. Cinematic reality does not originate from external world, but results from film maker's internal recreation and is ultimately a manifestation of the reality which the film maker abstracts from the external world. Citing different views and outlooks and using a descriptive-analytical method, the present paper seeks to analyze and evaluate reality in cinema. Then it reviews and analyzes the position of religion in cinema through nurturing and analyzing intellectual foundations and philosophical views about realism and reality in this medium. The theoretical reviews done in this research and other similar ones show that realist cinema as observed in some movies has enough capacity to show religious themes, given the features of religion and this type of cinema.