فساد اداری

Corruption is one of the main concerns of governments. Case studies show the importance of using information and communication technology to improve government performance and reduce corruption. Equipping governments with information technology tools has led to the emergence of e-government. In many cases, e-government can reduce corrupt behavior by careful monitoring. This study examines the performance of information and communication technology fighting administrative corruption. The results of the studies show a positive performance and the need to create a culture and use information and communication technology to reduce corruption in offices.

The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize corruption platform processes in the municipality of Tehran in order to reduce administrative corruption through presenting strategies and using them in mid-term programs of the organization. This study is an applied research due to the nature of the subject and its intended purposes. The method of data analysis is qualitative and thematic. For gathering the data, in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 experts, connoisseurs and senior managers from different departments of the organization, city council members and contractors or other people on contract with the municipality. In addition, focus group meetings and follow-up interviews were used to prioritize the processes. Processes related to decision making in the architectural council of regions and article 5 Commission, e-office services, Set-off (hologram, mobile density, and brokerage company), selection and appointment of managers, decision-making process in Tehran Municipal Agreement Commission, determination the density and number of building floors, issuance of votes for violation Article 100 and its enforcement, approving the implementation of the criteria on the issuance of work completion, were identified as high-priority corruption-related processes out of 22 finalized processes in Tehran Municipality, and appropriate strategies such as promoting transparency, procedural efficiency streamlining systems related processes and procedures dealing with offenders, and reforming corruptive platform in organizational and income structure were proposed for each process. It should be noted that all the strategies presented are in full compliance with the superior documents, which demonstrates the completeness of the proposed strategies for process reform.

Corruption is a threat to the stability and security of societies. It can undermine the values of democracy, ethical values, and justice. It always works against sustainable development and the rule of law of a country, breeds social, economic and political crisis, distorts national and international trade. It traps millions of people in poverty and misery. Many local and international reports support mountain level corruption in Bangladesh. Bangladesh government launched the Support to ICT Task force (SICT) in 2003 aiming to establish egovernance for increasing the dynamism and efficiency. But immense efforts have been in vain. In this paper we want to study and explore the factors and actors that make corruption pervasive in Bangladesh. We also study the problems and prospects of establishing e-governance in Bangladesh and how it can be a success pillar to reduce corruption.

In this paper, the theoretical analysis of administrative corruption has been systematically reviewed. It begins with a brief history of administrative corruption in the world and Iran. Subsequently, the conceptual, definitions and types of administrative corruption as well as the classification of administrative corruption are schematically discussed. Finally, according to the researches and available literature, the factors generating administrative corruption including formation and resonance factors are summarized in six main factors. Then, the set of these factors are explained by some theories in three macro-level such as anomie theory, mid-level theories, and their stress on factors affecting the rise of corruption in the three sectors of economy, government and organization, and micro-level theories such as the wickedness of corruption or the culture of corruption. The claim theoretical of this paper is that the aforementioned theories are highly capable of explaining the problem of administrative corruption in Iran.

Corruption is a multidimensional, hidden and complex issue that has lasted for centuries and has always influenced various dimensions of human social life. Despite efforts and legislative, structural and process work in the countries of the world to combat corruption, little has been achieved. The fight against corruption, due to its intrinsic nature and its malfunction, requires the use of multilateral and relatively long-term mechanisms. What is evident is the need to tackle corruption and the negative impact of this phenomenon on development processes that are of interest to international organizations and countries. The adoption of the law on the promotion of the integrity of administrative system and the fight against corruption is regarded as a turning point in the fight against corruption. In this paper, we intend to address some of obstacles and the current status of this law - as the most important law in the field of combating corruption - and finally, we propose practical recommendations for effective monitoring of law enforcement.

This study examined the effects of administrative corruption on the willingness of corruptive actions and its consequences in Administrative Agency and provided a conceptual model for it. The direct and indirect effects of administrative corruption on the organizations were examined and to identify the aspects of each of these variables and its consequences correlation method based on structural equation modeling was used. 2500 questionnaires in several executive agencies in the country were distributed during 7 months and 2100 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the communication with a significant factor of 2/58, structural factors with significant factor of 2/83, organizational culture with a significant factor of 3/26, psychological factors with significant factor of 5/26, payment systems with a significant factor of 3/221, control and monitoring systems with a significant factor of 6/672, the opportunity with significant factor of 8/215 and willingness of corruptive actions with significant factor of 7/246 have significant effect on the occurrence of administrative corruption in governmental institutions. Also, the incidence of corruption with a significant factor of 2/816 affects the consequences of corruption in the governmental institutions. At the end, some recommendations were presented to deal with corruption.

Corruption vastly threatens political and administrative systems. More important is the issue of the very serious and direct bond between administrative corruption and the effectiveness and efficiency of the political systems. Therefore, controlling and removing administrative corruption have turned into the major priorities of governments and rulings systems. In this paper, the author not only offers some preparatory discussions related to the importance of fighting corruption, but also introduces the indicators of measuring administrative corruption. Also, the national and international indicators employed by national and international organizations involved are mentioned. Furthermore, the cultural factors as well as the importance of adopting a social approach for coming up with the proper indicators of corruption as a sociological paradigm are looked into. Hence, the goal of this paper is to expound the indicators presented and to prove role of social indicators in this regard and to help the preparation of inter-field indicators for measuring corruption and the trends existing. The current paper has been prepared with a mind to inter-field studies

Corruption or fraud or administrative violation is a phenomenon considered to be one of the obstacles in the way to development in today’s world and in particular in developing countries and could bring detrimental damages to the smooth movement of the wheels of development in society. There are many factors involved in the formation of corruption in a way that it possesses a multifaceted nature. Consequently several plans developed by government have been futile. Experiences gained from the execution of such plans indicate that in order to reduce or remove this evil, we require plans for the purpose of analyzing the issues and while evaluating various approaches select the efficient strategy and then execute it. The objective of this research is to review the effective factors in preventing public servants from violating the laws. The mentioned factors have been considered by applying fifteen assumptions including the relevancy of career with character, transparency, evaluating performance, training and capacity building, discipline, remuneration, relevant integration of individual’s goals and those of organization, external pressures, public participation, freedom of press, process of socialization, ethics in organization, power and responsibility, safety and mental health in workplace and involving staff in the process of decision making.

Purpose of the present study is to identify the reasons and factors behind the administrative corruption in the government organizations located in the Tehran province. "Study of the Behavioral and Structural Factors Which Cause the Administrative Corruption in the Government Organizations and Departments" is selected as the title of the paper. This study has covered staff of the Ministry of Housing who has been in charge of implementation of construction projects in government and public sectors at the time when the present study was carried out. In our study we have used a questionnaire titled "The Investigation Form" which has already been confirmed by the relevant experts. A pre-exam was carried out by distribution of 30 questionnaires among the staff and the result number was extracted based on the Koronbakh Alfa index equaling to 0. 86. The pre-exam was held for 200 individuals 45 of which were used for statistical purposes. The Number of the questionnaires filled and collected was 66. In the study 5 factors as the behavioral factor and 4 factors as structural ones were introduced as the factor which influences the administrative corruption. The outcome of the preexam and the statistical analysis implies a meaningful relationship among the mentioned factors.

Based on the Transparency International (TI)'s 2008 report on the administration corruption in the world out of 180 countries studied by this body Iran, with the score of 2.3, stands 141st. For this study the worst and the best scores fluctuates between respectively 1 and 10; score 1 for the most corrupted administrative system and 10 for the least corrupted administrative system. According to the same report, as compared with the year of 2007 in which Iran stood 131th out of 179 states, with the score of 2.5 Iran's standing has demoted remarkably in the current year. One of the most significant threats exposed to the administrative system is the administrative corruption. Until now different definitions have been introduced for the administrative corruption each one, as its part, has been effective in shedding more light on this heinous phenomenon. But the administrative corruption, at first has been of an ethical and value connotation which gradually lost its ethical aspect having come out as a concept with a certain definition used in the public management and political sciences fields. The administrative corruption which is the opposite of the health in the administrative system, based on the TI definition, implies misuse of the public power for the private administrative benefits for the purpose of personal or family interests. In the present study we bring three factors or organizational categories to our attention namely supervision and control, salary and wages as well as process of activities of the customs trying to examine their impact on the occurrence of the administrative corruption.

Social, economic and political situation is considered as the main factor in successful implementation of every general policy. The bureaucratic social environment which is responsible to implement the desired policies is the first issue that a policy maker shall bring into his/her consideration in adopting any policy and also in designing the relevant organizational structure. It is notified that the specifications and interaction of executive and administrative personnel who are abided by their own values and desires are of paramount importance as well. This factor is influenced by a number of other factors and automatically and directly it influences the implementation process accordingly. In another word this factor is considered as the circle which links other circles in the implementation process. In the present paper we intend to analyze the bureaucratic environment in our country given the ecological theory of bureaucracy and sociology of organizations and secondly we will review the roles and status of bureaucrats in implementation a general policy like privatization process using the theory of the general selection. In conclusion we will introduce the models which are used for designing mechanisms to control deviation of administrative and executive personnel.