Social justice” and “government” have been among the important issues of political science and have been expounded by theoreticians of different schools. Hayek as one of the prominent theoreticians of liberalism believes that government should not take social justice into account in its social and economic programs. In the first part of this article, the author tries to lustrate this theory and analyze it from the perspective of Prophet Mohammad’s practical conduct and his tradition. In the second part, the author tries to discuss different governments from Aristotle’s viewpoint and illustrate the views of liberalism and Marxism on this issue. In addition, the author tries to discuss the viewpoint of Islam on government and ways of running it based on Prophet Mohammad’s socio-political conduct.