Environmental Productivity and Efficiency Analysis in the Selected Fossil Energy Resource Importer and Exporter Countries: Directional Distance Functional Approach

According to Environmental impacts of economic activities and their costs, accounting not for theme in performance evaluation leads to biased results. In this paper, Environmental efficiency and productivity index used to evaluate environmental performance of two groups of select importer and exporter courtiers of fossil fuels. Also determinant of environmental productivity explored in context of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Results show that from 1997 to 2007, importer and exporter countries have experienced 0.14 and 0.7 percent growth in environmental productivity, respectively. Also, according to the results inversed N-Shaped relation observed between environmental productivity and per capita GDP in all two groups of countries.