Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated from neonatal blood and urine infections in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU), Imam Hossein Hospital of Tehran

Infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially in developing countries. The irregular application and inappropriate prescription of antibiotics can lead to development of infection and resistance against bacteria. There for, our aim is the study of antibiotic susceptibility patterns among isolated of infected neonate who’s hospitalized in IMAM HOSSEIN hospital ′NICU for blood and urine infections. This descriptive study was done during seven months from November 2011 to march 2012, on total of 120 blood and urine samples which obtain from NICU in IMAM HOSSEIN hospital. After inoculated blood samples directly on Brain Heart Infusion agar (BHI) and incubation this for 24 hours, with urine samples were cultured on Blood and MacConky agar, for isolation bacteria and utilized phenotypical and biochemical tests for species confirmation and determination of antibiotic susceptibility patterns was done with Kirby-Bauer test. A total of 120 neonate with clinical signs of blood and urine infections, 115 (95.8%) were gram negative bacteria and 5(4.2%) were gram positive bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae (39.1%) and Enterobacter cloacae (21.8%) were the most common pathogens and all of five gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus epidermidis. The gram negative bacteria shown high degree of susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (91%) and gram positive bacteria shown to vancomycin(80%). This result shown that the most contamination in NICU is from gram negative bacteria and ciprofloxacin is the most effective antibiotics for treatment.