A Study of Images of Enemies in Nasim Shomal's Poems for Children

One of the important aspects of the era of Constitution is the emergence of political literature and poetry. In contrast to the few poets who still persevered in the school of Return to Classics, many poets composed poetry in the language of the common people mingling their voices with the constitutionalists to show their love of freedom and hatred of foreigners and whatever was considered foreign. Ashraf al-Din Hosseini Qazvini (1313-1274 AS), known as “Nasim Shomal”, considered children as an important part of his addressees and wrote for them in a collection entitled Golzar Adabi (Literary Flower Garden) which includes 33 poems in rhyming couplets with a sweet and satirical diction. Therefore, Nasim Shomal can be considered as one of the founders of poetry for children. He is one of the poets who had an important role in opposing ignorance, autocracy, Russian and British colonialism thus enlightening the public to reject any injustice and oppression. To him, enemies of the country are superstition and ignorance, foreigners, and those who rule with the help of gold, oppression and deceit. This study analyzes Nasim Shomal's collection of poetry and specifically his poetry addressed to children in which he presents poetical imagery of the enemy.