Principles of Philosophy, Truth, Life and Action

Man who lives in the world and particular circumstances has thought; that means he has the ability to create various imaginations and deductions and confirmations. This ability of man's mind is not obtained without motivation and base. Man's main motivation is his "desire to know" andthat he understands his ignorance and foolishness. This "desire to know" appear as question, research and study. Among the various questions and answers, those answers which should be answered by reason bring philosophy into existence. So philosophy is a discursive science which is reached from the kind of thinking, culture and inference of the people. All people have philosophy, and the man is naturally a metaphysical and philosophical being (Lalande 1972,615); that means he searches for causes and reasons behind the phenomenas and inevitably whatever he does has a philosophy or reason. Another stimulus and more fundamental basis beside "desire to know" is set naturally in man and it is the desire of "selfpreservation" and its so many various kinds. Humans according to values which they find with inculcations and personal inferences go after respectable preserving of their "selves" which is created according to various situations and various values. That means the quality of choosing good and bad, nice and ugly, true and false and various pleasures and pains. So there is various ways for respectable preserving of the self and therefore planning, motion and action toward transcendence appear in different ways. These different ways too create the base of the motion and also make indispensible the quarrels between peoples and cultures according to various valuations and interpretations. Considering the above-mentioned subjects we will study the origin and quiddity of philosophy, the role of man in arising of the philosophy, values and their bases and finally quality and manner of interpretations and the meaning of the truth as the human's discoveries (Heidegger 1386, 383). The ultimate goal is to reach the conscious and the self-initiated action which is accompanied with sufficient and elective reasons and also the fair and sincerely acceptance of this reality that because of the accompaniment of the human beings permanently and inevitably they will have dispute and quarrel. Well-being and prevalence and cheerfulness and joy of our life necessitates the acceptance of the fair wisely solutions and freeing ourselves from the indecisive and weakening deadlocks.