The Evaluation of the Juridical Divan and its Effect on the Situation and the Position of the Judges From the Early Abbasids up to the Dominance of Buyids on Baghdad (132-334 AH)

There were two separate parts in the Juridical Divan in Abbasid administration: the organization of judiciary which presides by the judges and Divan of the maẓālim that was in the custody of Caliph and in some cases his lieutenants. Though the tasks and activities of each had been specified, the study of historical sources of that period signifies several changes and transitions in this Divan. These transitions resulted in a reformation and change in position, role, tasks, latitude and generally the situation of the Divan. Amongst the evaluation of the juridical Divan, during the Abbasids, are: opportunities of participating in official affairs, the advent of the supreme judge in administrative system, taking role in political affairs, limitation of the responsibilities of the supreme judge and finally abolish of the supreme judge. Based on descriptive – analytical approach and according to the historical sources, this article will study the above subjects and the evolve in the situation of judges in political and administrative structure of the Abbasid reign.