Effect of different concentrations of sucrose, casein hydrolysate and amino acids on somatic embryogenesis in some grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivars

Leaf explants of grapevine cultivars Shahroodi, Bidaneh Sefid and Yaghouti were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l BAP and 0.1mg/l 2,4-D for callus induction. To differentiate somatic embryo, achieved callus were cultured on MS medium contained various concentrations of sucrose, casein hydrolysate and supplemented with glutamine, phenyl alanine and arginine amino acids. Yaghouti and Bidaneh Sefid cultivars produced the highest percentage of somatic embryos in medium containing 250mg/l casein hydrolysate and Shahroodi in medium contained 500mg/l casein hydrolysate. On the other hand, in all studied cultivars the highest percentage of somatic embryos was obtained in medium contained 10mg/l phenyl alanine, 100mg/l glutamine and 50mg/l arginine. Although, Yaghouti and Bidaneh Sefid cultivars were produced the highest percentage of somatic embryos in medium contained 45g/l sucrose, Shahroodi cultivar produced the highest percentage of somatic embryos in medium contained 60g/l sucrose.