Review and Evaluation of Urban Heritage in Iran with Emphasis on Iran s Underground Settlements Recognition

Underground settlements were not important and acceptable in the decade of 70th. However، they have caught the attention of professional and scientific committees all around the world during the past two decades and have been the human’s creative art on making the reconciliation with the nature. Iran’s land consists of many of these species and got a high potential to deal with. The locations of these settlements in the soil and the applied of intelligence technologies into them have been the fact of life of these ancient heritages so far. Underground cities which are a kind of refuge places، have been created in two ways، either out of the cities and in the heart of natural hills or under the residential cities in the depth of 50m from the ground level. The area of these cities under the ground which are extended both horizontally and vertically is significantly high to save the people’s life and property in case of insecurity. Many of static architectures have been created after getting under the ground. Also، all of them have been created due to special quality of their natural environment and dignity of human to the nature. The overall natural picture of their surrounding areas has been well kept with making the minimal changes there. Because of constant thermal comfort of these kinds of spaces، the energy usage was negligible. So، there would be an intelligent interaction between human and nature’s life which despite subsequent phenomena a unique stability would make to the nature. Thus، it seems to be important and worthwhile to conduct more researches on this field to make this branch of architecture more popular in Iran. This research’s method is descriptive-case by case and historical-interpretative.