Currently, there is great concern over natural forests depletion because of erosion, stress and over-use., Developing Research programs is an essential approach for the reforestation and rehabilitation efforts; In this regard the application of mycorrhizas is a valuable method. The mycorrhizal fungal hyphae extend into the rhizosphere and improve the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil thereby providing a critical linkage between the plant root system and the soil. As a result, mycorrhizal plants are often more competitive and better able to growth and tolerate environmental stresses than nonmycorrhizal plants. The aim of this study was to figure out the influence of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis on amelioration the performance of micropropagated Populus caspica in acclimatization process. After inoculation of micropropagated P. caspica with Pisolithus tinctorius, It was found that establishment of this symbiosis on plantlets of P. caspica enhanced seedling height, Biomass of root, shoot and leaves, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf chlorophyll. These data indicate that mycorrhization improved the plant water relations, growth and performance; thereby ectomycorrhization has the ecological significance in sustainable plant production systems
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