Effect of organic and nitrogen fertilizers on physicochemical properties and bread-making quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Alvand)

Bread has a major role in diet of people in Iran. One of the important factors affecting the quality of bread is the quality of wheat flour. In this research، the effects of combined application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers were studied on physicochemical properties and bread-making quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Alvand). Physical properties of grain، quality characteristics of flour as well as bread quality were measured in each treatment. The results showed that wet gluten and crude protein contents، test weight، seed 1000-weight، Zeleny sedimentation values and Pelshenke number of the flour and bread volume and height were significantly increased by application of urea fertilizer in soil (p≤0. 05)، while urea fertilizer had no significant effect on solid density of grain. Application of farmyard manure (FYM)، sewage sludge and municipal waste compost with and without urea fertilizer significantly increased seed 1000-weight، wet gluten، crude protein content، bread volume compared to those of the control. Zeleny sedimentation value was increased by application of sewage sludge and municipal waste compost compared to that of the control، while this value was not affected by FYM application. Application of all three organic fertilizers without urea had no significant effect (p≤0. 05) on test weight but integration of them with urea increased test weight. Application of FYM with and without urea fertilizer and sewage sludge and municipal waste compost without urea fertilizer increased Pelshenke number compared to that of the control treatment. In general، in order to increase wheat flour quality، combination of 30 and 60 ton municipal waste compost or FYM or sewage sludge with 150 kg urea/ha is recommended at similar conditions.