Developing an analytical model to increase urban security from the Secured perspective by Designing (SBD) Approach using fuzzy AHP method (case study: region 17 of Tehran)

Safety and security have been significant issues throughout history، from early prehistoric cave-dwelling societies to medieval and modern cities (P. Cozens، 2008). Crime is a part of our way of living. It is tied to the physical distribution of people and objects، to the routine activity patterns of daily life، and to the ways in which people perceive and use information about the environment (Brantingham & Brantingham، 1993). Theoretical bases: Secured by design is a UK based initiative which was devised in1989، with the aim of countering the rise in household burglary، reducing crime through the design of the environment and encouraging urban designers to design out crime at the planning stage (Armitage، 2004). SBD also aims to achieve security for the building shell and to introduce appropriate internal and external design features that facilitate natural surveillance and create a sense of ownership and responsibility، in order to deter criminal and anti-social behavior within the cartilage of the business. New opportunity theories of crime and crime prevention measures such as situational crime prevention and crime prevention through environmental design largely affected the principles of SBD. These theories assume that crime is a response to opportunity، therefore removing the opportunity can reduce crime. An emphasis is also placed upon the role of the environment in creating or impeding these opportunities. The principles of SBD fall largely into the following categories:

This study follows two targets: First، determining the relative importance of criteria and sub-criteria of SBD approach and second، evaluating urban security in four areas of the case study using the results of the previous step. The proposed fuzzy AHP model to achieve mentioned targets is composed of the following steps:

This study has been proposed a hierarchical model to evaluate the rate of environmental security which decomposes the 5 principles of SBD into 12 criteria and 29 sub-criteria. To our best knowledge، this is the first time that factors affecting main principles of SBD are determined and prioritized. This may help urban designers to consider the most important factors affecting crime reduction in their designs and decision makings. This model is based on determining the most important factors affecting 5 principles of SBD which can lead to urban security in the case study. For this purpose، fuzzy AHP method is adopted in order to assess the relative importance of the factors and sub factors of the model. This method has the ability to capture the vagueness of human thinking style and effectively solve multi-criteria decision making problems.