Comparative Cytotoxic Evaluation of Free and Sodium Alginate Nanoparticle-Encapsulated ICD-85 on Primary Lamb Kidney Cells

Current anti-cancer drug therapy results in systemic side effects due to non-specific uptake by normal healthy noncancerous tissues. To alleviate this difficulty, many attempts have been devoted to the development of new delivery systems such as polymeric Nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, we prepared ICD-85 NPs based on sodium alginate and analyzed the cytotoxic activity of ICD-85 NPs relative to free ICD-85 on primary lamb kidney cells. ICD-85 loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method and were characterized by the particle size, size distribution and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay and membrane integrity was evaluated by measuring Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The morphological alterations of untreated and treated cells were assessed by light inverted microscope. MTT assay showed that ICD-85 NPs could significantly decrease the in vitro cytotoxicity on primary lamb kidney cells compared to the free ICD-85. The IC10 value at 72 hours was increased from 9±2.7 μg/ml for free ICD-85 to 52±4.3 μg/ml for ICD-85 NPs. LDH assay demonstrated that free ICD-85 had dose-dependent cytotoxicity on primary lamb kidney cells while ICD-85 NPs exhibited significantly decreased cytotoxicity at equivalent concentrations. Moreover, morphological analysis showed no significant difference between control and treated cells with ICD-85 NPs. Based on the results obtained in the present study it can be concluded that encapsulation of ICD-85 with sodium alginate nanoparticles can reduce its necrotic effect on primary lamb kidney cells.